final...infection control and waste management final.pptx

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Infection Control and Waste

Management

Assigned By: Sir Tanzeel-ur-Rehman

Presented By: Razia Bano, Rahila Khalid,

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Presentation plan

Subject: Advance concept of nursing

Topic: Infection its control and waste management. Class: Post RN BSN

Teacher: Sir Tanzeel Ul Rehman Date:05-05-2017

Sr.N o

Objective Contents Time Strategies Evaluation

1 Define Infection, Waste

Management

Types and sources 5min Multimedia &

discussion Questions & Answers

2 Routes of

Transmission Infection Chain and its Transmission 5min Multimedia & discussion Questions & Answers

3 Types of Waste Major and Minor 5min Multimedia &

discussion Questions & Answers 4 Precautionary

Measures Disposal and Usage 5min Multimedia & discussion Questions & Answers 5 Feedback 5min Multimedia &

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Objectives

• _{At the end of this session, the participants will}

be able to:

– _{Verbalize definitions related to infection control} – _{List modes of transmission of infections and}

portals of entry of pathogens – _{Explain universal precautions}

– _{Explain the worker’s role in preventing spread of} infections

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Key terms

Infection

• _{It is lodgment and multiplication of}

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Asepsis

• _{It is freedom from infection or prevention to}

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Cross Infection

• _{It is transfer of new infection from external}

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Chain Of Infection

• _{Chain of infection is a process in which a}

favorable condition is required for a micro organism to spread or transfer from a

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Infectious Agents

• _{There are many organisms that can cause a}

disease such as bacteria virus parasites and fungus. Reasons that an organism will cause an infection is virulence,invasivness and

pathogenocity

• _{Any organism is capable of causing an}

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• _{Bacterias are present in us on us and around}

us

Resident-flora: bacteria present inside us helps in digestion .non harmful

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• _Viruses:

Respiratory infections-influenza cold etc GI infections-norovirus

Others HIV-hepatitas Parasites:

Present in environment

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Reservoir

• _{Its is the place where micro organism resides}

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Portal Of Exit

• _{It is the place where micro organism leave the}

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Mode Of Transmission

• _{It is the way by which the organism transfer}

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Contact Transmission

• _{It is the most common route for transmission}

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Droplet Transmission

• _{Droplets should come in contact with mucus}

membrane directly or indirectly through sneezing coughing talking etc

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Airborne Transmission

• _{Three diseases are transmitted through}

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Vector Transmission

• _{It occurs when an insect or an animal transmit}

disease to human

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CATEGORIES OF PERSONS

EXPOSED TO RISK OF INFECTION

CATEGORIES OF PERSONS

EXPOSED

TO RISK OF INFECTION

Sanitation workers

Medical & Paramedical staff

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Researchers in London estimate that if

everyone routinely washed their

hand, a million deathsa year

could be prevented.

Over 1.4 million people worldwide suffer

from infectious complications acquired in hospital.

A CDC report estimated the annual medical costs of

healthcare-associated infections to U.S. hospitals to be between $28 and $45 billion dollars. An estimated 40 percent of nosocomial infections

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Why infection

control is

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What are Wastes?

Waste (also known as rubbish, trash, refuse, garbage, junk, litter, and ort) is unwanted or useless

materials. In biology, waste is any of the many unwanted substances or toxins that are expelled from living organisms, metabolic waste; such as urea and sweat.

Disposal means

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Definitions

Hospital waste is “Any waste which is generated in the diagnosis, treatment or immunization of

human beings or animals or in research” in a hospital.

Hospital Waste Management means the

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CONT…….

Biomedical Waste

• _{“Any waste which is generated during the}

diagnosis, treatment or immunization of human beings or animals or in research activities pertaining thereto or in the

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Sources of Biomedical Waste

Major Sources

_{Govt. hospitals/private hospitals/nursing homes/}

dispensaries.

_{Primary health centers.}

_{Medical colleges and research centers/ paramedic services.} _{Veterinary colleges and animal research centers.}

_{Blood banks/mortuaries/autopsy centers.} _{Biotechnology institutions.}

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CONT………..

Minor Sources

_{Physicians/ dentists’ clinics}

_{Animal houses/slaughter houses.} _{Blood donation camps.}

_{Vaccination centers.}

_{Acupuncturists/psychiatric clinics/cosmetic piercing.} _{Funeral services.}

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Option Waste Category Treatment & Disposal Category 1 Human anatomical waste Incineration /deep burial

Category 2 Animal waste Incineration /deep burial

Category 3 Microbiology & biotechnology waste Incineration /deep burial

Category 4 Sharps Incineration / disinfection /chemical treatment /mutilation

Category 5 Medicines and cytotoxic drugs Incineration / destruction and disposal in secured landfill

Category 6 Soiled waste (Blood and Body fluids) Autoclave/chemical treatment/burial

Category 7 Solid waste (disposable items) Autoclave/chemical treatment/burial

Category 8 Liquid waste ( blood & body fluids) Disinfection by chemicals/discharge into drains

Category 9 Incineration Ash Disposal in municipal landfill

Category 10 Chemical waste Chemical treatment/ secure landfill

Hospital Waste categories and Disposal. Hospital Waste categories and Disposal.

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Classification of Wastes according to their

Properties

Bio-degradable

can be degraded (paper, wood, fruits and others)

Non-biodegradable

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CONT……..

 Hazardous wastes

 Substances unsafe to use commercially, industrially, agriculturally, or economically and have any of the following properties- ignitability, corrosivity, reactivity & toxicity.

 Non-hazardous

 _{Substances safe to use commercially, industrially,}

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WHAT IS AN INFECTIOUS WASTE?

Categories of infectious waste:

1. Isolation wastes – wastes generated by

hospitalized patients who are isolated to protect others from communicable diseases.

2. Cultures and stocks of infectious agents and associated biological – this category includes: - Specimens from medical and biological

laboratories

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CONT……….

• _3._{Human blood and blood products}_{– this}

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4. Pathological waste – tissues, organs, body parts, blood, and body fluids.

5. Contaminated sharps – contaminated

hypodermic needles, syringes, scalpel blades, Pasteur pipettes, and broken glass.

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CONT………

7. Miscellaneous Contaminated Wastes – these include:

- Wastes from surgery and autopsy - Miscellaneous laboratory wastes - Dialysis unit wastes

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INFECTIOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT

PLANS

Components of an Infectious Waste Management Plan: 1. Designation of the waste that should be managed as infectious

2. Segregation of infectious waste from the noninfectious waste 3. Packaging

4. Storage 5. Treatment 6. Disposal

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DESIGNATION OF AN INFECTIOUS

WASTE

• _{The infectious waste plan for your facility}

should specify which wastes are to be

managed as infectious wastes. The previous slides in this course can help determine what should be included. A responsible official or committee should determine any other

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SEGREGATING MEDICAL WASTES

 _{Segregation of infectious wastes at the point of}

origin.

 _{Segregation of infectious waste with multiple}

hazards as necessary for management and treatment.

 _{Use of distinctive, clearly marked containers or}

plastic bags for infectious wastes.

 _{Use of the universal biological hazard symbol}

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PACKAGING INFECTIOUS WASTE

 _{Selection of packaging materials that are appropriate} for the type of waste handled:

 _{- Plastic bags for many types of solid or semisolid} infectious waste.

 _{- Bottles, flasks, or tanks for liquids.}

 _{Use of packaging that maintains its integrity during} storage and transport,

 _{Closing the top of each bag by folding or tying as} appropriate for the treatment or transport

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HANDLING SHARPS

 Each year there are some 600,000 incidents where people are

accidentally stuck by needles and sharps.

 _{The most common times of risk for spreading blood borne}

pathogens occurs:

 Recapping needles

 Failing to dispose of used needles properly in

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HANDLING SHARPS

 _{To protect against needle stick injuries, take the} following precautions:

 _{Avoid the use of needles where safe and effective} alternatives are available.

 _{Help your employer select and evaluate devices} with safety features that reduce the risk of needle stick injury.

 _{Use devices with safety features provided by your} employer.

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HANDLING SHARPS

 _{Promptly dispose of used needles in appropriate}

sharps disposal containers.

 _{Report all needle stick and sharps-related injuries}

promptly to ensure that you receive appropriate follow-up care.

 _{Tell your employer about any needle stick hazards}

you observe.

 Participate in training related to infection prevention.

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PACKAGING OF SHARPS

 Containers are rigid puncture-resistant containers that, when sealed, are leak resistant and cannot be reopened without great difficulty.

 _{Must be red in color, have a biohazard label, be}

accessible to employees, and be located as close as feasible to the immediate area where sharps are used.

 _{Must remain upright throughout use and be replaced}

routinely. Should not be overfilled to present a hazard.

 _{Containers of contaminated sharps will be closed}

immediately.

 _{Secondary containers must be closable and prevent}

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STORAGE

 Storage temperature and duration are important

considerations. Warmer temperatures cause higher rates of microbial growth and putrefaction, resulting in odor problems.

 _{Locating the storage area near the treatment site.}  _{Minimizing storage time.}

 _{Proper packing that ensures containment of infectious}

waste and the exclusion of rodents and vermin.

 _{Limited access to storage areas.}

 _{Prominently displaying the universal biological hazard}

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TRANSPORT

 _{Avoidance of mechanical loading devices that may}

rupture packaged wastes.

 _{Frequent disinfection of carts used to transfer wastes}

within the facility.

 Placement of all infectious waste into rigid or semi-rigid containers before transport off site.

 Transport of infectious waste in closed leak-proof trucks or dumpsters.

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MEDICAL WASTE HAULING

 There are three methods for transporting

regulated medical waste, including

sharps, to a permitted regulated medical waste treatment or storage facility.

 By a healthcare professional employed

by the facility.

 By contract with a transporter registered

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ON-SITE TREATMENT

There are several methods that have been successful in the treatment of infectious waste. The following slides will discuss treatment that may be available at your facility. The methods discussed are:

1. Autoclaving (steam sterilization) 2. Incineration

3. Thermal inactivation 4. Gas/Vapor Sterilization 5. Chemical Disinfectionq

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• _{LET THE WASTE OF}

THE “SICK” NOT

CONTAMINATE THE

LIVES OF

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References

• _{Siegel JD, et al. CDC HICPAC, “Guideline for Isolation}

Precautions: Preventing Transmission of Infectious Agents in Healthcare Settings 2007.”

– http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/dhqp/pdf/guidelines/Isolation2007.pdf

• _{OSHA Blood borne Pathogens Standard, 29 CFR}_1910.1030

– http://www.osha.gov/SLTC/bloodbornepathogens/index.html