Measured crop performance small grain 1957

(1)

Research Report No. 6 July 1957

Measured crop performance

SMALL GRAIN

1957

F. W. Brittain, Research Instructor

In Charge Variety Testing

Department of Field Crops N. C. State College

(2)

INTRODUC TION

Variety evaluation trials are conducted each year on farmer fields by the North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station. and this report presents records of performance of commercially available and prospective varieties of oats. wheat and barley. Seasonal conditions differ from year to year. and a variety that appears to be excellent for a single year may not prove to be consistently s up e rio r , Records of three or more years duration present a basis for choosing varieties that are more likely to consistently e xc e l , There..". fo r e , only those that have been tested for three consecutive years (1955» 1956₉ and 1957) are compared in table form except for the two-rye a r data collected on the hard red winter whe at ,

The annual performance (yield) records (1957) are presented in tables by areas and by c r op s ,

Since small grains occupy a relatively small acreage in the mountain c ount.i e s , official variety tests are not conducted in this a r e a ,

The small grain breeding program utilizes the Mountain Research Station near Waynesville to evaluate its prospective new varieties for winter hardiness and cold t ol e r aric e , In conjunction with thi s , a small variety test is conducted and us ed as a basis for eval u a tLng small grain varietie s for the mountain counties. The data from these tests are given for the benefit of the agricul-tural workers in that area on page 150

(3)

-LOCATION OF TESTS

Five field tests were conducted on private farms and branch research farms during the 1956-1957 season and repre sent different soil and climatic conditions and areas of most concentrated small grain production.

The testing agency recognizes the cooperative spirit and civic-minded service rendered by the following farmers who have furnished the land and prepared it for these tests. The agency also recognizes the contribution of Edwin L. Jones for assistance with the planting, harvesting and collecting data.

The agricultural workers have contributed liberally of their time in locat-ing and observlocat-ing tests, as well as utilizlocat-ing the information derived from them.

1. Farm of Mrs. R. R. Killian, Lincoln County, Lincolnton Route 2, County Agent G. A. Stoudemire and Assistants cooperating.

2. Farm of Vernon Johnson, Randolph County, Denton Route Z Vo-Ag Teacher R. C. Adams cooperating.

3. Farm of Fred J. Brandon, Yadkin County, Yadkinville Route, County Agent R. D. Smith and Assistants cooperating.

4. Farm of Arch J. Flanagan, E. W. Mills, tenant, Pitt County, Farm-ville Route, County Agent S. C. Winchester and As sistants cooperating. 5. Farm of E. V. Edens, Cumberland County, Fayetteville Route 4,

County Agent J. T. Monroe and Assistants cooperating.

(4)

-SMALL GRAIN VARIETIES TESTED FOR TWO OR MORE YEARS OATS

Mountains _Piedmont _{Coastal Plain}

Arlington

1/2/

Atlantic 1

T

-Bronco

1/

Forkedeer

1/

Generally Satisfactory Performance

Fulwood Ful wood

Victorgrain 48-93 Victorgrain 48-93

Woodgrain Woodgrain

--_e-_-~~

__

~_e:-- ... _~ _ _ ~ ~ ~ _ _ .-~ _ Generally less satisfactory than above group

but perform well under certain c ond.itions ,

Arlington

1/3/

Arlington

1/3/

Fulgrain

4/ -

Fulgrain 4/

-- Suregrain-5/

1/

Mainly from silage and hay

2/

Has winterkilled during severe winters

3/

Poor thre shability

4/Yield generally lower than other - varieties listed

~/ Limited da.ta-irnor e susceptible to mosaic than other varietie s

WHEAT

Mountains Piedmont Coastal Plain

Generally Satisfactory Performance Ander son-6/

Taylor 49-7/

Thorne Anderson 6/

Atlas 50 Atlas 66 Coker 47-27 Taylor 49

2/

- - -- - ~ - - - Gen~allyles-; satisfact~y-tha~abov;-g;oup- - -

-but perform well under certain condrtfon.s ,

Atlas 50 .. Atlas 66 Coker 47~27

Knox

71

Senec~ 7/ Thorne71

6-/

Should be harvested as early as possible to prevent excess weather damage to graino

7/

These are resistant to mosaic

Coastal Plain BARLEY

Piedmont

Generally Satisfactory Performance Davie

Mountains

Colonial 2 Colonial 2

Davie

~~--~~--...---...

- - - Ge-;;'~anyi;s-; ;atisfact~y-tha~above group but performs well under certain condi.tions ,

Colonial 2 8/ 8/ Susceptible to s ca.Id ,

(5)

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

Coker Pedigreed Seed Company, Hartsville, South Carolina

North Carolina Agricultural Experiment Station, Ra.l eigh , North Carolina To W" Woods & Sons , Richmond, Virginia

Management of Test Fields

Cultural practices such as seedbed preparation, date of seeding, fertilization, amount and time of topdressing were in accord with good farm practices and

recommendations of North Carolina Agricultural Experime~tStation and Extension

Se r vic e ,

Seasonal Conditions

Plantings were made under favorable conditions, and a good stand of oats, wheat and barley was obtained at all Loc ation s ,

The mild wet winter was favorable for early, vigorous growth and the develop-ment and spread of dise a s e s , Aphids were present throughout the testing ar e a ,

The wh.e af entries were infected with mildew, rust, scab and mosaic in the Yadkin County te st , Barley was attacked by s cald , causing considerable damage to the less resistant st.r a in s ,

The oat entries were infected with the Helminthosporium diseases and other r oot-cr ot o r garri srn s , Other factors may also have contributed to the low yield of oat s , The occurrence of these organisms was variable even within the three-row pl ots, A portion of some plots would be severely damaged, while a portion of the

same plots would appear no r rnal , Although all entries were affected, some

appeared to be more resistant than othe r s , Oat mosaic also caused a reduction in yield of some entries in the Yadkin County te st ,

(6)

Winter Hardiness

The less winter hardy oat and wheat varieties that are not injured by prevailm

ing temperatures of the Coastal Plain are often damaged and stands reduced when grown in the northwestern Piedmont and only the most winter hardy will survive in the Mountains0

Low temperatures (18 to 28 degrees) that occur in spring (March 15 to April 15) cause greater damage and reduction in yield to early maturing varieties than to those that mature Late r , Since spring freezes are likely to occur in about one year out of each fives this factor should be kept clearly in mind when choosing

extremely early maturing vatie tie s , Differences in Yield

Little significance should be attributed to very small differences in yield be« tween varieties since it is not possible to determine the absolute performing a biHt'y, The size of difference that may have been due to chance has been comc= puted and listed at the end of each table of the 1957 data as "Least Significant Difference (L, So Do }"o A similar value is not listed for the average of two or

more years data , but the level of significance in such instances will be somewhat smaller than for the individual y ear s , These measures of chance difference should be used to remind the reader not to misinterpret small yield d iffe r erice s ,

Choice of Variety

In choosing or deciding on a variety, yield usually receives first c ons ide r ation,

The characteristics that contribute to yield and quality may be as important as yield itself , Such characteristics as disease resistance, winter har d ine s s , lodging resistance, height of straw" ratio of grain to atr aw , ease of harvesting and storing, earliness and lateness of maturity, and market quality are all essential and should be conaide r ed, ,.

(7)

-CHARACTERISTICS OF OAT VARIETIES

*

Test

-,..,...,- -. Rust Smut Blight Mosaic Winter Lodging Amount Weight

Variety ResistCOD Resistm Resist .. Resist- Maturity Hardiness Re sdst-- of per

ance ance ance ance ance Straw Bushel

1 Ar lington ~ Good Good Poor Good Medium Good Fair Heavy Good

2 Vic to r g r af.n48<=93 Good Good Poor Good Early Fair Good Medium Good

3 Fulgrain Good Good Poor Good Early Fair Good Light Good

4 F'u.lwood Good Good Poor Good Early Fair Good Light Good

5 Forkedeer Poor Poor Good Good Medium Excellent Fair Medium Good

late

6 Woodgrain Good Good Poor Good Early Fair Good Light Good

7 Atlantic. Good Good Poor Good Medium Excellent Fair Heavy Good

8 Bronco Good Good Poor Fair Late Excellent Fair Medium Good

heavy

9

S-uregrai~_ Good Good ... Poor Early Poor Good Light Good

-o

. CHARAC TERISTICS OF BARLEY VARIETIES

*-Loose Mil ... Rust Sc~ld Lodging Winter - . Amount Test

Variety Smut dew- __ Resist ... Re aistv Resist ... Hardign Maturity-· of Weight

Resist=> Resist~ ance ance ance ness Straw per

ance ance Bushel

1 Colonial 2

2 Davie

Poor Poor

Poor

Good

Poor Good

Poor

Fair

Good

Fair Fair

Medium Early

Light Light

Good Fair

(8)

CHARACTERISTICS OF WHEAT VARIETIES

Leaf Mil<-=> Late

Va r i.et.y Rust dew Mosaic Maturity Wi:nter Spring Lodging Hei.gbt Test

Resist<==> Re sist« Re sistm Hardi= Freeze Resist= of Weight

anc.e ance ance ness Toler= ance Straw per

ance Bushel

1 Atlas ')0 Fair Fair Poor Medium Fair Fair Fair to Medium Fair

early good

2 Atlas 66 Good? Fair Poor Medium Fair Fair Fair to Medium Fair

early good

3 Coker 47=27 Goodv Poor Poor Medium Fair Fair Good Medium Good

early tall

4 Anderson Good* Fair Fair Medium Good Good Good Tall Good 0

5 Thorn-e Poor Poor Good Medium Very Good Fair Medium Good t~

late good tall 8

6

Seneca Poor Poor Good Medium Very Good Fair Me diurn Good

late good tall

7 Knox Excellent Fair Good Early Good Poor Good Short Good

8 Taylor

49

Fair Poor Good Medium Good Fair Good Medium Good

early tall

9 Ponca** Good Fair Good Medrurn Very c=m Fair Short Good

good

10 Cb.e yennev« Poor Fair Good Medium Very me:>- Fair Short Good

good

11 Comanche** Poor Poor Good Medium Very me:> Fair Sho r_t

Good good

11 Tenmarq** Poor Fair Fair Medium Very m m Fair Short

Good good

(9)

Summary of Performance of Barley Entries Piedmont

Davie 15.5

Colonial 2 19.1

Mean of Standard 17. 3

Standards are: Colonial 2 and Davie. Entries

1955 Yield Bus/A

1956 1<)57 3-Yr. Ave.

Yield Yield Yield

Bus/A Bus/A Bus/A

42.7 29.7 2903

35.9 25. 1 26.7

39.3 27.4 28.0

Performance of Barley Entries Piedmont ... 1957

Randolph Lincoln Yadkin Average

Entries County County County 3 Tests

Bus/.A Bus/A Bus/A Bus/A

Calhoun x Bolivia 954 46.4 310 7 38.1 3807

Calhoun x Bolivia 938 38.3 35.3 3802 37.3

Calhoun x Bolivia 925 5008 33.5 26.0 36.8

Calhoun x Bolivia 667 27.5 2805 50.9 35.6

Calhoun x Bolivia 933 3107 34.9 37.7 34.8

Colonial x Bolivia 1341 29.5 3304 3806 33.8

Sunrise x Bolivia 1952-5 36.5 310 7 27.5 31.9

Davie 33.5 25.7 30.0 29.7

Colonial 2 32.9 16.8 25.5 250 1

Colonial x Bolivia 241 24.5 22.1 26.4 24.3

LoS.D o (0 05) 10.9 8.6 7.2

Mean of Standard 33.2 21.3 27.7 27.4

Standards are: Colonial 2 and Davie.

(10)

-Summary of Performance of Barley Entries Coastal Plain

1955' lA956 1957 3-Yr. Ave.

Entries Yield Yield Yield Yield

BusJA Bus/A Bus/A Bus/A

Colonial 2 23.5 47.8 29.2 33.5

Davie 19.4 43.7 31. 6 31.6

Mean of Standard 21.5 45.8 30.4 32.6

Performance of Barley Entries Coastal Plain - 1957

Entries

C ol.oriia.I x Bolivia 1341 Calhoun x Bolivia 938 Calhoun x Bolivia 933 Calhoun x Bolivia 925 Davie

Calhoun x Bolivia 954 Colonial 2

Calhoun x Bolivia 667 Colonial x Bolivia 241 Sunrise x Bolivia 1952-5

r.,

So Do (.05) Mean of Standard

Cumberland County Yield

Bus/A 37.8 31.7 310 3

32.0 33.2 29.5 26.3 26.3 22.0 27.5 60 1 2908

Pitt County Yield Bus/A 3605 35.3 35.2 33.9 29.9 32. 1 . 32.0 28.3 30.8 24.0 N .. S. 31.0

Average Yield Bus/A 2 Locations

3702 33.5 33.3 33.0 31.6 30.8 29.2 27.3 26.4 25.8

30.4

(11)

-Performance of Oat Entries

3--Year Average _(1955~57) 8 Locations .- _Piedmont

1955 Yield 1956 Yield 1957 Yield Average

Entries 2 Tests 3 Tests 3 Tests Yield

Bus/A Bus/A Bus/A Bus/A

Bronco 7206 7604

5109~1

6609

Arlington 5404 7702 570 1 6209

Atlantic x (Gl , 2 c=So F 0 ) 2288<=96 6200 7209 48031/ 610 1

Fulwood 4808 7107 5800 5905

Woodgrain 5009 6505 4900 550 1

Victor grain 48.-93 4909 6300 4302 5200

Fulgrain 41.6 6206 4508 5000

Mean of Standard 4901 6800 5006 5509

Standards are: Victorgrain 48-.93, Fulgrain, Fulwood~ Woodgrainp and Arlingtono

1/ Yield not directly comparable to other varietie s , Yadkin County data lost due to late har ve at ,

Performance of Oat Entries Piedmont c= 1957

5y8.8 5800 570 1 5308 4905 4900 4508 4508 4306 4302 42. 7

3/

5109 -5104

l/

48. 3 3/ 4709

3/

400 6

l/

Average

Yield Bus/A Lincoln Yad.ki.n,

1'/

County County Yield Yield Bus/A Bus/A 48.8 53.6 4208 5606 45.4 5703 4600 48.0 5108 4400 3703 4103 38.2 3005

34. 8 430 9

2601 2502

24. 7 360 5 3903 33 04

41.1

2/

3301

2/

480 0

2/

42.5

2/

3604

2/

1304 1107

3700 47.1 5006

rain, Fulwood , and Wood rain. Randolph County Yield Bus/A 7401 7408 6807 6704 52.6 6803 6808 5806 79.6 6803 5505 6207 6907 4805 5303 4409 909 6707 rain 48 ...93, Ful Entries

New Nortex x Landhafer 394 Fulwood

Arlington Coker 56--18

Trispernia x Lemont 2542 Woodgrain

Coker 56~38 Fulgrain Coker 56=-14 Victorgrain 48.-93 Co 10 6994

Bronco

Wintok x (Ci0 2.-So Fo ) x Forkedeer 6088 Atlantic (CIG 2&:>80 Fo ) 2288-96

Wintok (CIa 2-80F 0) X Forkedeer 2391

Co 10 4658 X (CIo 2-80 Fo ) 2973

t., So Do (005) Mean of Standard

Standards are: Arlin ton, Vict o r

... 10 ~

1/ Test conducted on mosaic s oi.l ,

2/ Entries lost due to seed drop caused by disease, birds, weather and insects.

(12)

Performance of Oat Entries

3--Year Average (1955-.57)

6-

Locations - Coastal Plain

Average Yield Bus/A 6809 6702 6500 6405 6305 6204 5308 6203

and Woodg ra.i.n,

1957 Yield Bus/A 4201 59~0 38.9 5102 4909 4405 4407 4909 Fulwood, 8003 8700 8805 8009 84.3 7806 6404 7900

F'ulgr ain,

1956 Yield Bus/A 1955 Yield Bus/A 8403 5505 6707 6104 5603 6401 5202 5709 Victorgrain 48-93, Entries Bronco Fulwood

Atlantic x (CIo 2.-S oF o),2288~96 Woodgrain

Arlington

Victorgrain 48-93 Fulgrain

Mean of Standard Standards are: Arlington,

Performance of Oat Entries Coastal Plain .. 1957

Average Yield Bus/A 6001 5900 5700 5707 5300 5200 5102 4909 4407 440 5

44.5 4201 4007 3809 38.6 3803 Pitt County Yield Bus/A 6102 56.8 59.8 5204 5505 5802 4404 5307 3307 3504 5500 5008 44.3 4607 4108 4605

1100

4408 4909

Woodgrain and F'ulwood , Cumberland County Yield Bus/A 58.9 610 1 5402 63.0 50.6 4508 5709 4601 5507 530

6

3309 3304 370 1

3101

3503 3000 1105 5409 Victorgrain 48-93,Fulgrain, Entries

Coker 56 ... 18 Fulwood Coker 56.-38 Suregrain

New Nortex x Landhafer 394 Trispernia x Lemont 2542 Woodgrain

Arlington Fulgrain

Victorgrain 48-93

Wintok (CIo 2~So Fo) x Forkedeer 6088 Bronco

Co 10

6994

2

Atlantic (CIo

-s.

Fo) 2288~96

Wintok (CIo 2aDS oFo) x Forkedeer 2391 Co10 4658 x (CIo 2 omS oFo) 2973

r.,

So Do (005) Mean of Standard Standards are: Arlington,

(13)

-Performance of Wheat Entries

3a a Y e a r Average (1955-=57) 6 Locations -- Coastal Plain

Entries

Anderson

Atlas 50

5464 x Hardired 3855

Atlas 66

Taylor 49

Coker 47~27

Coastal

a.

a,

So

Redhart

Mean of Standard

Standards are: Atlas 50,

1955 Yield

2 Te sts

Bus/A 3307 3008 2108

2806

2706

2106

2109 903 2807

Atlas 66, Ander son,

1956 Yield 1957 Yield

2 Tests 2 Tests

Bus/A Bus/A 4309 2702 40&6 3001 4603 3300 4204 2901 4108 29.7 4305 24.1 3800 2809 4303 2202 4206 27.6

and Coker 47--270

Average Yield Bus/A

3409

3308

330 7

3304

330 0

29.7 2906

240

9

3300

Performance of Wheat Entries

3~Year Average (1955-57) 7 Locations ~ Piedmont

Entries Anderson Taylor 49 Seneca Thorne Taylor Knox Atlas 50 Coker 47-27 Atlas 66

Redhart

Mean of Standard

1955 Yield

"2 Tests Bus/A

370 1

350 4

330 3

3305

3209

2609

340 4

3206

340 5

27G5 250 4

330 4

1956 Yield 3 Tests Bus/A 4107 3804 4305 43.1 3900 3505 3609 39.1 3500 3609 2509 3800 1957 Yield

2 Te sts

Bus/A 30.3 34Q 1 3007 2602 2708 3406

24G 8

2209 240 6

270 4

1203 280 4

Average Yield Bus/A 3604 3509 3508 34c3 3302 3203 32GO 3105 3104 3006 2102 3302

Standards are: Atlas 50" Atlas

66,

Anderson, Taylor, Taylor 49. Knox and

Coker 47-27

(14)

Performance of Hard Red Winter Wheat Entries 2.-Year Aver a.g e (1956~57) 5 Locations m Piedmont

Entries

Ponco (Hard Red Winter) Cheyenne (Hard Red Winter) Comanche (Hard Red Winter)

Terunarq (Hard Red Winter) Mean of Standard

1956 Yield 3 Tests Bus/A 3806 33~7 3406 27~ 3 3800 1957 Yield 2 Tests Bus/A 2407 2200 2004 1905 2804 Average Yield Bus/A 3106 2709 2705 2304 3302

Standards are: Atlas 509 Atlas 66» Anderson» Knox» Taylor, Taylor 49» and

Coker 47~27e

Performance of Wheat Entries Piedmont ... 1957

Average Yield Bus/A 3406 3401 3106 3007 3003 2903 2708 2704 2702 2603 2602 2408 2407 2406 2306 2209 2200 2101 2004 1905 12.3

Randolph County Yadkin County

1/

Yield Yield

-BuslA Bus/ A

2989 3902

3101 3700

3Q80 330 2

25.3 3601

2705 3301

2502 3303

2809 2606

2~04 250 4

l206

3108

2304 2901

2305 2808

2504 2401

2100 2803

26

0 1 2300

2005 2606 20.5 2502 1906 2404 16.2 2509 1506 2502 1502 2307 1209 1106 402 602

2701

29.7 2804

Atlas 66» Coker 47i D27" Taylor₉ Taylor 49»

Entries Knox Taylor 49 Y 2223-37 Seneca Anderson

5464 x Hardired 3855~M563 Taylor

ToW0 Ho Ho x Atlas 66-840

c.r.

12651 x Atlas 66--4016

Thorne Atlas 50 Ponca Atlas 66 Coker 55<»3 Coker 47~27 Cheyenne Todd Comanche Tenmarq Redhart

r.,

So Do (005) Mean of Standard

Standards are: Andersons Atlas 509

and Knoxo

1/ Yadkin County test was conducted on mosaic soil. Those varieties having a high mosaic resistance were generally superior in this test.

(15)

Performance of Hard Red Winter Wheat Entries 2«= Year Average (1956-57) 4 Locations c:> Coastal Plain

Entries

Ponca (Hard Red Winter) Cheyenne (Hard Red Winter) Tenmarq (Hard Red Winter) Comanche (Hard Red Winter)

Mean of Standard

Standards are: Atlas 50, Atlas 66,

1956 Yield 1957 Yield 2 Tests 2 Tests

Bus/A Bus/A

3302 2002

26.4 1902

2403 14. 1

2308 1303

4206 2706

Anderson, and Coker 47..-270

Average Yield Bus/A 2607 2208 1902 1806 350 1

Performance of Wheat Entries Coastal Plain - 1957

Pitt County Cumberland County Entries

5464 x Hardired 3855 Coker 55=3

Atlas 50 Taylor 49

Til Wo Ho Ho x Atlas 66-.840 Atlas 66

Coastal Bo

a.

So

Y

2223<%>37 Anderson

5464 x Hardired 3855 CI> M563

Coker 56c:>19

Colo 12651 x Atlas 66 cm4016 Coker 47 ... 27

Redhart Ponca Cheyenne Tenmarq Comanche

La So Do (005) Mean of Standard

Yield Bus/A 3109 3309 3102 2803 3000 29. 1 2904 28.9 2704 25.8 2603 2709 2609 2400 2008 2209 12.6 1006 5.0 2807 Yield Bus/A 340 1 2906 2809 3100 2901 290 1 2804 2803 2609 2504 2403 2204 2103 200 3

19.6 150 3 1505 1509 509 2606 Average Yield Bus/A 3300 3108 300 1 2907 2906 2901 2809 2806 2702 2506 25.3 2502 2401 2202 2002 1902 1401 13.3

(16)

Mountain Barley Yield Test

#

Thr ee s-Year Ave r age

* ..

1954--57

Hudson 7209

Colonial 2 510 9

Wong 6008

Calhoun M450-4 2108

Fayette 63.3

Kentucky 1 520 0

Kenbar 4701

Variety ₁₉₅₄ ₁₉₅₆

4505 6400 3705 5204 43G4 41.6 5305

1957 46.0 2808 4406 31.5 44.5 39.6

41~0

3~YroAveo 1954-57

5408 4802 4706 3502 50.4 4404 4702

*

1955 crop lost due to winterkilling 0

Summary of Yield Data for Mountain Oat Test .- 1954..,.57

Variety 1953-54 1955-56 1956..:.57 3-Yro Ave.

Bronco 16208 "9808 64.9 10808

Atlantic 14107 6804 69.0 9300

LeConte 9204 10703 6606 8808

Arlington 6404 65.6 610 1 6307

Forkedeer 38 03 5603 6002 5106

Uniform Eastern Soft Winter Wheat Test cD Waynesville c:> 1954~57

With notes for 1956-57 from Three Locations Waynesville

Height

Siler City Clayton

Co 10 4-Yro Leaf Mosaic Mil<= Rust Glume

NOG Variety Ave0 Rust

0/0

dew Blotch

Bu/A

0/0

5-31

11856 Thorne 38. 1 90 M 0 30 80 3

13083 Dual 4503 2 M 0 20 tr 3--4

13110 Todd 4508 90 T 0 3 40 3

II

Data furnished by courtesy of Small Grain Breeding Program.