The PHP 5.4 Features You Will Actually Use

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The PHP 5.4 Features You Will

Actually Use

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About Me

• Lorna Jane Mitchell

• PHP Consultant/Developer

• Author of PHP Master (Sitepoint) and PHP Web Services (O’Reilly) • Twitter: @lornajane

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About PHP 5.4

• New features

• Traits

• Built-in webserver

• New array syntax and dereferencing

• And more!

• Removed some nonsense

• This talk covers the best bits*

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Array Syntax

We had this: $game[] = 'paper'; $game[] = 'scissors'; $game[] = 'stone'; print_r($game); $game[0] = 'paper'; $game[1] = 'scissors'; $game[2] = 'stone'; print_r($game);

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Array Syntax

Or this:

$game = array('stone', 'paper', 'scissors');

print_r($game);

$game = array(0 => 'stone', 1 => 'paper', 2 => 'scissors');

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Array Syntax

Now we can do:

$game = ['scissors', 'stone', 'paper'];

print_r($game);

$game = [0 => 'scissors', 1 => 'stone', 2 => 'paper'];

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Array Dereferencing

When an array is returned, immediately pick an element from it

function getList() {

return ['Grumpy', 'Sleepy', 'Bashful', 'Doc']; }

// grab first item from list

$item = getList()[0];

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PHP Versions Speed Comparison

Benchmarks made using:

• Newly-compiled vanilla PHP binaries

• The bench.php script in the PHP source tree • A rather average laptop

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Traits

Re-usable groups of methods, in languages with single inheritance.

• Declare a trait, it looks like a class

• Add the trait to your class using the use keyword • Methods are available!

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Trait Example From ZF2

namespace Zend\EventManager; trait ProvidesEvents

{

public function setEventManager(EventManagerInterface $events) {

$identifiers = array(__CLASS__, get_called_class()); $events->setIdentifiers($identifiers);

$this->events = $events;

return $this; }

public function getEventManager() {

if (!$this->events instanceof EventManagerInterface) { $this->setEventManager(new EventManager());

}

return $this->events; }

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Using Traits

Apply it like this: class Magic {

use \Zend\EventManager\ProvidesEvents;

// more magical things

}

$magic = new Magic();

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Other Trait Trivia

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Other Trait Trivia

• They can be aliased when used

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Other Trait Trivia

• There are rules about resolving naming clashes • Traits can include properties

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Other Trait Trivia

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Other Trait Trivia

• Traits can include abstract methods

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Built In Webserver

Built in application server for PHP 5.4

• Simple

• Lightweight

• Development use only

From the manual: "Requests are served sequentially."

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Webserver Examples

Start a simple server on a port number of your choice

php -S localhost:8080

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Webserver Examples

Change the hostname:

php -S dev.project.local:8080

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Webserver Examples

Specify the docroot

php -S localhost:8080 -t /var/www/superproject

Specify which php.ini to use (default: none)

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Webserver Examples

Use a routing file (example from http://lrnja.net/LigI4U)

<?php

if (file_exists(__DIR__ . '/' . $_SERVER['REQUEST_URI'])) {

return false; // serve the requested resource as-is

} else {

include_once 'index.php'; }

routing.php

php -S localhost:8080 routing.php

The webserver runs routing.php before entering the requested script. This example serves any existing resource, or routes to index.php

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Session Upload Progress

File upload progress, written to the session at intervals

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Tracking Upload Progress

User starts uploading file in the usual way

<form name="upload" method="post" enctype="multipart/form-data"> <input type="hidden" name="<?php

echo ini_get("session.upload_progress.name"); ?>" value="123" />

File: <input type="file" id="file1" name="file1" /> <input type="submit" value="start upload" />

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Tracking Upload Progress

In a separate file, we can check the relevant session variables to see how the upload is going: http://lrnja.net/Lhs7jJ

array(1) { ["upload_progress_123"]=> array(5) { ["start_time"]=> int(1340542011) ["content_length"]=> int(1529158981) ["bytes_processed"]=> int(1386660589) ["done"]=> bool(false) ["files"]=> array(1) { [0]=> array(7) { ... } } } }

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Anonymous Functions, __invoke and

the Callable Typehint

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Typehinting

We can typehint in PHP, on:

• Classes

• Interfaces

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Typehinting

We can typehint in PHP, on:

• Classes

• Interfaces

• Arrays

• ... and now Callable

Callable denotes anything that can be called - e.g. a closure, callback or invokable object

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Anonymous Functions

• Literally functions with no name

• More convenient than create_function()

Example:

$ping = function() {

echo "ping!"; };

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Callable Examples

function sparkles(Callable $func) { $func();

return "fairy dust"; }

$ping = function() {

echo "ping!"; };

$pong = "pong";

echo sparkles($ping); // ping!fairy dust

echo sparkles($pong);

Catchable fatal error: Argument 1 passed to sparkles() must be callable, string given, called in /home/lorna/.../callable.php on line 16 and defined in /home/lorna/.../callable.php on line 10

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Callable Examples

function sparkles(Callable $func) { $func();

return "fairy dust"; }

class Butterfly {

public function __invoke() {

echo "flutter"; }

}

$bee = new Butterfly();

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Sleep and Wakeup

When we serialize() or unserialize() an object, PHP provides

"magic methods" for us to hook into (this isn’t new):

• __sleep() to specify which fields should be serialized

• __wakeup() to perform any operations needed to complete an object

when it is unserialized

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The JsonSerializable Interface

From the manual:

JsonSerializable {

abstract public mixed jsonSerialize () }

Objects implementing the JsonSerializable interface can control how they are represented in JSON when they are passed to json_encode()

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JsonSerializable Example

class gardenObject implements JsonSerializable {

public function jsonSerialize() { $data[] = $this->flowers;

$data[] = $this->fruit;

return $data; }

}

$garden = new gardenObject();

$garden->flowers = array("clematis", "geranium", "hydrangea"); $garden->herbs = array("mint", "sage", "chives", "rosemary"); $garden->fruit = array("apple", "rhubarb");

echo json_encode($garden);

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Removed Features

• register_globals • register_long_arrays • safe_mode • magic_quotes • allow_call_time_pass_reference • y2k_compliance

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Upgrading to PHP 5.4

• Turn on E_DEPRECATED in PHP 5.3

• Warns when you use features which are gone in 5.4

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The PHP 5.4 Features I’ll Actually Use

• Short array syntax • Traits

• Built in webserver • Upload progress • Callable

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Thanks!

Resources all here: http://lrnja.net/KOouXv

Twitter: @lornajane