SPINE IMAGING COURSE POST-TEST RADUNITS.COM
CASE: 1
1. The most common cause of lateral recess stenosis is hypertrophy of the:
A spinous process B transverse process C superior articular facet D pars
CASE: 4
2. Regarding diskitis/osteomyelitis cases, ———% were reported to have ‗typical‘ MR contrast enhancement of the involved spinal level.
A 32 B 55 C 81 D 94
CASE: 5
3. Approximately 75% of patients with ——— facet injury have concurrent facet fractures.
A rotational B reactive C rheumatoid D recurrent
CASE: 7
4. Primary malignant bone tumors are ——— times more likely to develop in individuals with Paget‘s disease than in age-matched controls.
A 2 B 5 C 10 D 20
CASE: 9
5. About 1% of ——— mothers have offspring with regression syndrome.
A Asian descent B age 50 and over C diabetic D age 18 and under
CASE: 10
6. Tarlov, or ———, cysts are reported to occur in approximately 4.6% to 9% of the adult populations.
A perineurial B persistent C tapering D azure
CASE: 11
7. Which of the following anular tear types is consistently associated with disk degeneration?
A concentric B horizontal C vertical D radial
CASE: 13
8. Lateral thoracic meningocele is associated with neurofibromatosis in 85% of cases and is bilateral in ———%.
A 2 B 5 C 24 D 10
CASE: 14
9. The most frequent location for intradural lipomas is the ——— region (about 30% of all cases).
A cervical B thoracic C lumbar D sacral
CASE: 16
10. When herniated disks migrate, the migrated component is found to straddle the midline of the anterior epidural space in only in only:
A 1% of cases B 6% of cases C 10% of cases D 17% of cases
CASE: 17
11. A transpedicular screw may be loosened when the distance from the screw surface to the surrounding bone is greater than ——— mm.
A 3 B 4 C 2 D 1
CASE: 19
12. Regarding disk herniation, nomenclature II describes a sequestered disk as an extruded disk with a disassociated (or ———) fragment.
A emancipated B liberated C free D thrown
CASE: 20
13. The four most common skeletal sites involved by Paget‘s disease are the spine, pelvis, proximal long bones, and:
A carpals B tarsals C skull D metacarpals
CASE: 21
14. Regarding MR of neurosarcoidosis, the most common postcontrast T2W images is:
A parenchymal enhancement B wihite matter hyperintensities C decrease in sulcal contrast D chiasm enhancement
CASE: 23
15. Poorly differentiated liposarcomas may demonstrate no evidence of fat on either CT or MR imaging.
A True B False
CASE: 25
16. Prior to the advent of MR imaging, ——— was the procedure of choice for evaluating the spinal cord and nerve roots.
A US B CT C myelography D general xray tomogram
CASE: 27
17. Intradural lipomas comprise approximately approximately ———% of primary intraspinal masses.
A 1 B 22 C 43 D 12
CASE: 29
18. Tuberculosis meningitis is typically manifested during primary infection (usually from the ———).
A lungs B liver C heart D spleen
CASE: 32
19. Aneurysmal dissections are more likely to present with headaches and subarachnoid hemorrhage (———% of the time).
A 55 B 64 C 40 D 79
20. ‗Tight filum terminale syndrome‘ is defined as a thickened (>———mm in diameter) filum with a tethered conus.
A 1 B 5 C 7 D 2
CASE: 34
21. Regarding isthmic (spondylolytic) spondylolisthesis, a grade I case involves ≤———% of the vertebral body width.
A 10 B 25 C 50 D 75
CASE: 35
22. Baastrup disease is also known as ―——— spines‖.
A adjacent B kissing C crushing D small-gap
CASE: 36
23. The most common neoplasm of the foramen magnum is:
A osteochondroma B enchondroma C osteoblastoma D meningioma
CASE: 37
24. On MR imaging, neurofibroma and schwannoma can be indistinguishable.
A True B False
CASE: 38
25. Kyphoplasty uses ——— to create a cavity within the vertebral body prior to the injection of the cement.
A free air injection B balloon inflation C a plastic mold D a scraper
CASE: 41
26. SCIWORA (spinal cord injury without ——— abnormality) is more common in children than adults.
A radial B radiologic C reactive D recurrent
CASE: 42
27. Devic syndrome is characterized by the rapid onset of myelopathy and ——— neuropathy.
A autonomic B compressive C optic D hereditary
CASE: 44
28. The most common cause of neuropathic spine arthropathy in the US is:
A diabetes mellitus B trauma or pressure to nerves C autoimmune diseases D vitamin deficiencies
CASE: 45
29. OPLL (ossification of the posterior ——— ligament) generally produces severe central canal stenosis and significant myelopathy.
A lamina B lumbar C lateral D longitudinal
CASE: 47
30. Prior to the use of ——— for epidural steroid injection, up to 20% of injections were not placed in the epidural space proper.
A US B CT C plain radiographs D fluoroscopy
CASE: 48
31. Regarding the Anderson and D‘Alonzo classification of odontoid fractures, type II is a ——— fracture through the base of the odontoid.
A transverse B an complete oblique C vertical D an incomplete oblique
CASE: 49
32. Usually, cervical disk herniation results from:
A a single traumatic incident B a hereditary source C repetitive cervical stress D underlying spinal infection
CASE: 50
33. The main use for discography is to determine which disk level, if any, is responsible for a patient‘s neurologic symptoms.
A True B False
CASE: 52
34. Because of its high ———, bone marrow in the vertebral body is the most common site for spinal metastases.
A calcium content B vascularity C sodium content D vitamin D component
CASE: 53
35. The joints most often affected by calcium pyrophosphate ——— (CPPD) crystal deposition are the knee, wrist, symphysis pubis, and hip.
A duraplasty B dihydrate C diffusion D desiccation
CASE: 55
36. More than 50% of the cases of Langerhans cell histiocytosis with vertebra plana are diagnosed between the ages of ——— years
A 15 and 22 B 30 and 45 C 1 and 15 D 22 and 30
CASE: 57
37. Regarding certain MR imaging techniques of breast carcinoma, linear enhancement has been called the ‗sugarcoating‘ or ‗———‗ sign.
A ice cycle B snowflake C sparkle D frosting
CASE: 58
38. Regarding disk sequestration, migration of the disk fragment in the ——— direction has been seen with approximate equal frequency.
A cephalad and caudad B anterior and posterior C left and right lateral D cephalad and anterior
CASE: 59
39. Ossification of the ligamentum flavum is an acquired degenerative disease seen mainly in ——— adults.
A Asian B African C male D female
40. ——— is the diagnostic test of choice for the evaluation of epidural lipomatosis.
A CT B US C Nuclear medicine D MRI
CASE: 63
41. Regarding dural AV fistulas, abnormal MR findings included cord enlargements in ———% of cases.
A 92 B 60 to 70 C 45 to 51 D 25
CASE: 65
42. Sacral chordoma is uncommon in individuals younger than ——— years of age.
A 40 B 30 C 20 D 10
CASE: 66
43. In a study of cervical and thoracic, predominantly short-segment, MS plaques, only ———% of plaques had a central location.
A 12 B 23 C 33 D 1
CASE: 68
44. Regarding spinal lipomas, a deficient dura was observed in ———% in one case series.
A 84 B 51 C 63 D 98
CASE: 69
45. In one study of traumatic cervical disk herniations, the most common involved level was:
A C1-C2 B C6-C7 C C5-C6 D C2-C3
CASE: 72
46. Regarding disk herniation (sequestration), by definition a ——— or ‗free‘ fragment is not in continuity with the parent herniated disk.
A sequestered B floating C sesamoid D ‘pebble’
CASE: 74
47. The‖ ——— sign‖ refers to a region of CSF-equivalent signal intensity within a fractured vertebral body.
A water B fluid C liquid D gelatinous
CASE: 75
48. Spinal nerve root enhancement has been observed in ——— syndrome (GBS), with a frequency of up to 80% to 95% of patients.
A gallbladder B Guillain-Barre’ C Gerhardt-Baker D glomus bacterial
CASE: 77
49. In staging for T2W spinal images for normal infants and children, stage ——— shows a markedly hypointense ossification center.
A I B II C III D IV
CASE: 79
50. The ——— traumatic central cord syndrome (ATCCS) is usually seen in older persons who sustain a cervical hyperextension injury.
A accidental B acute C axonal D adult
CASE: 80
51. ——— is the study of choice to diagnose a posteriorly dislodged bone graft.
A MR B CT C US D Nuclear medicine
CASE: 81
52. The most common initial symptom in patients with juvenile-type AVM is:
A swelling B fever C headache D weakness
CASE: 83
53. Spinal hemangioblastoma is usually intramedullary and involves the cervical cord ———% of the time.
A 20 B 21 C 98 D 38
CASE: 85
54. A high incidence of ———% of terminal syringohydromyelia has been noted in children with tethered cord/anorectal malformation.
A 92 B 67 C 84 D 79
CASE: 86
55. Most neonate cases of sacrococcygeal teratoma are diagnosed ——— by ultrsonography.
A within 1 week of birth B within 2 weeks of birth C in utero D within 3 weeks of birth
CASE: 87
56. ——— is the study of choice for the detection and characterization of suspected osteoid osteoma.
A MR B Nuclear medicine C US D CT
CASE: 88
57. Regarding cases of spinal meningioma, the ratio of women to men with the disease has been reported as:
A 3:1 to 4:1 B 7:1 C 2:1 D 5:1 to 6:1
CASE: 92
58. 3 risk factors for GBS include ——— infection, recent vaccination, and recent viral illness.
A campylobacter jejuni B escherichia coli C neisseria meningitides D helicobacter pylori
CASE: 93
59. Cervical chordomas usually span ——— vertebral segment(s) and spare the posterior elements.
A only the first pair of B only the last pair of C several D a single
60. Regarding cervical sarcoidosis, phase ——— involves a consolidation of the disease process.
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
CASE: 95
61. Between 25% and 50% of osteoblastomas are found in the:
A cranium B extremities C pelvis D spine
CASE: 98
62. Most sacral insufficiency fractures occur in elderly ——— women with osteoporosis.
A Asian B African C white D South American
CASE: 99
63. An air-filled cyst may be indistinguishable from an osteophyte on MR, but the two are easily distinguishable on:
A nuclear medicine images B CT C US D MRA
CASE: 100
64. Spinal ependymomas are most often found in the ——— cord.
A thoracic B cervical C sacral D lumbar
CASE: 101
65. One study found that the sensitivity of the target sign for benign neurofibroma was 100% and the specificity was ———%.
A 51 B 65 C 82 D 92
CASE: 103
66. Primary epidural lymphoma occurs in 1% to 6% of patients with ——— lymphoma.
A non-Hodgkin B Burkitt's C Waldeyer's ring D lymphomatoid papulosis
CASE: 104
67. Leptomeningeal disease can be focal or diffuse in presentation.
A True B False
CASE: 105
68. A vertebral body infarct is best detected on ——— images.
A transverse B sagittal C coronal D 3D reconstructions
CASE: 107
69. Intraspinal schwannomas are usually found in males, in the ——— decade of life.
A fourth B third C fifth D first
CASE: 108
70. Most thoracic disk herniations occur below T6.
A True B False
CASE: 109
71. Carcinoma of the ——— is the most common extra-CNS tumor associated with intramedullary metastases.
A colorectal B breast C lung D pancreas
CASE: 111
72. Regarding the three basic types of spinal meningeal cysts, type ——— is considered intradural.
A I B II C III D IV
CASE: 113
73. Platybasia is an anthropomorphic term that refers to a ——— of the skull base.
A rounding B thinning C thickening D flattening
CASE: 115
74. Amyotrophic ——— sclerosis (ALS) is a syndrome of upper and lower motor neuron dysfunction.
A lamina B lateral C ligament D lumbar
CASE: 117
75. Chiari I-associated syringohydromyelia is usually ——— in location.
A lumbar B cervical C thoracic D sacral
CASE: 119
76. Only ———% of patients with craniotomy and proven GBM subsequently develop evidence of spinal drop metastases.
A 5 B 1 C 12 D 7
CASE: 120
77. Regarding patients with spinal cord ependymoma, ——— cysts are typically located at the border of the tumor.
A reactive dilatation B intratumoral C extratumoral D caudal
CASE: 121
78. Patients with a glomus arteriovenous ——— (AVM) are usually younger than 50 years and experience abrupt onset of myelopathy.
A malformation B myeloma C meningitis D medulla
CASE: 123
79. The signal characteristics of epidermoid and dermoid tumors depend on their keratin, collagen, cholesterol, and ——— composition.
A protein B albumin C water D potassium
80. The peak incidence for spinal epidural abscess is between ——— years of age.
A 25 and 35 B 37 and 55 C 60 and 70 D 72 and 81
CASE: 125
81. Sciatica is a term used to describe a syndrome of acute pain radiating in the:
A hand B upper arm C toes D leg
CASE: 127
82. Regarding the commonly accepted types of dural arteriovenous fistulas, type ——— is an intramedullary glomus-type AVM.
A I B II C III D IV
CASE: 129
83. In the brain, wallerian degeneration produces hyperintense white matter signal at time intervals greater than ——— weeks postinjury.
A 2 B 4 C 7 D 14
CASE: 130
84. Manifested radiographically, avascular necrosis can include intravertebral vacuum, which is a ——— cleft.
A gas-filled B irregularly shaped C ill-defined D laterally situated
CASE: 132
85. Acute spinal ——— hematoma (ASSH) has been observed in patients following minor trauma, such as sneezing or coughing.
A sacral B schwannoma C spindle D subdural
CASE: 133
86. Intervertebral gas collections are mainly composed (about ———%) of nitrogen.
A 58 B 90-92 C 62-68 D 80
CASE: 134
87. The latency period between completion of radiation therapy and onset of symptoms rages from a few weeks to ——— years.
A 4 B 6 C 23 D 12
CASE: 135
88. Malignant transformation of fibrous dysplasia (FD) to sarcoma is uncommon (———%).
A 4 B 0.5 C 3 D 0.05
CASE: 137
89. Lesteriosis may cause spontaneous abortion in an otherwise healthy patient.
A True B False
CASE: 138
90. The ——— location of retrosomatic cleft relative to the transverse process differentiates it from other conditions such as spondylolysis.
A posterior B anterior C lateral D superior
CASE: 140
91. ——— - Marie – Tooth (CMT) disease is usually inherited as an autosomal dominant trait, and onset is in late childhood or adolescence.
A Chamberlin B Carter C Charcot D Cannes
CASE: 141
92. Optimal widening of the anteroposterior diameter of the spinal canal by expansive laminoplasty is considered to be over ——— mm.
A 1 B 2 C 3 D 4
CASE: 142
93. A finding on axial MR images that has reported as characteristic of solitary vertebral plasmacytoma is the ―———― pattern.
A hounds tooth B checkered C layered brick D mini-brain
CASE: 143
94. Spinal canal lipomas are most often found in the ——— spine.
A cervical B thoracic C lumbar D sacral
CASE: 145
95. Occipitalization of the atlas is a very uncommon congenital craniovertebral anomaly.
A True B False
CASE: 146
96. Intramedullary abscess is uncommon, with less than ——— cases reported in literature.
A 540 B 400 C 250 D 100
CASE: 147
97. ——— patients with laryngeal TB also have active pulmonary disease.
A 20% of B 29 to 35% of C Only 2% of D Most
CASE: 149
98. ——— CT images have proved useful in delineating subdural hematomas.
A Nonenhanced B Reformatted C Enhanced D Delayed enhanced
CASE: 150
99. Most cases of adult polyglucosan body disease start in late adulthood, and progress until death in ——— years.
A 3 to 21 B only 2 C usually over 32 D 23 to 30
100. Myelitis is a relatively rare CNS complication of ——— - zoster virus (VZV) infection.
A venous B varicella C vertebral D vascular
CASE: 153
101. Dejerine-Sottas disease is a rare autosomal recessive disorder, with ———% of patients having cranial nerve involvement.
A 4 B 15 C 82 D about 60
CASE: 155
102. The most common site in females for spontaneous acute epidural hematoma is the:
A lower thoracic area B lower cervical spine C lower lumbar area D upper cervical spine
CASE: 157
103. Intramedullary spinal lymphoma is rare. It accounts for only ———% of CNS lymphoma.
A 15 B 8.5 C 5.6 D 3.3
CASE: 158
104. Less than ———% of vertebral hemangiomas produce symptoms due to cord compression or vertebral collapse.
A 1 B 4 C 8 D 12
CASE: 159
105. Most spinal angiolipomas are found in the ——— region.
A upper cervical B lower cervical C thoracic D lumbar
CASE: 161
106. MR imaging may be useful in distinguishing acute disseminated encephalomyelitis from the most likely alternative clinical diagnosis:
A acute stroke B MS C anoxia D colloid cyst
CASE: 164
107. ——— meta-iodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigraphy has a high sensitivity for neuroblastoma metastases.
A I-131 B B-225 C Z-532 D U-990
CASE: 166
108. Relative to the spinal cord, intradural schwannomas are usually found:
A ventrally B anterolateral C posterolateral D directly lateral
CASE: 167
109. Radiographic evidence of disk protrusion has been reported in approximately ———% of all cases of symptomatic disk calcification.
A 12 B 38 C 54 D 92
CASE: 170
110. Regarding myelography (and other contrast studies), nonionic, water-soluble contrast agents were first widely accepted in the:
A 1990s B 1970s C 1980s D 1960s
CASE: 171
111. Regarding extradural hemangiopericytoma, the mean age at diagnosis is ——— years.
A 27 B 67 C 51 D 38
CASE: 172
112. CNS dermoids and epidermoids occur in the cranium with high incidence, ———% of the time.
A 54 B 67 C 76 D 85
CASE: 173
113. Regarding spinal changes associated with spondyloarthritis, only ——— may be better seen on radiography than on MR imaging.
A syndesmophytes B ankylosis C diskitis D insufficiency fractures
CASE: 175
114. On MR imaging, paraganglioma of the spine is a(n) ——— mass that is isointense relative to the spinal cord on T1W images.
A cuboid B well-defined C ‘broken glass’ presenting D jagged-periphery
CASE: 177
115. Regarding spontaneous intracranial hypotension, expected MR findings include downward brain displacement and brainstem:
A enlargement B focal hyperdensities C sagging D focal hypodensities
CASE: 178
116. Chordomas account for less than ———% of primary malignant bone tumors.
A 15 B 5 C 3 D 1
CASE: 179
117. Typically, meningeal melanocytoma involves the ——— spine.
A upper thoracic B lower thoracic C lumbar D cervical
CASE: 181
118. Approximately ——— cases of spinal subdural empyema have been reported in the literature.
A 250 B 200 C 150 D 50
CASE: 183
119. Only ———% of hydatid disease cases involve the spine.
A 0.5 to 1 B 3 to 7 C 11 D 14
120. ——— is the best imaging modality for determining the vertebral locations of the hydatid cystic lesions.
A MR B US C CT D Nuclear medicine
