Proceedings of the Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation

Proceedings of the

Seventh International

Workshop on

Natural Language Generation

June

21-24, 1994

Nonantum Inn

Proceedings of the

S e v e n t h I n t e r n a t i o n a l

Workshop on

Natural Language Generation

June 21-24, 1994

Nonantum Inn

S c h e d u l e

Tuesday, June 21

8:45

9:00 10:00 10:30

Opening Remarks

Discovery and Format of Input Structures for Tactical Generation Mark Seligman

DPOCL: A Principled Approach To Discourse Planning R. Michael Young & Johanna D. Moore

Break 11:00

12:00 12:30

Content Selection Mini-Session:

Building Underlying Structures for Multiparagraph Texts Robert Granville

Sequencing as a Planning Task Daniel D. Suthers

Discourse Planning as an Optimization Process Ingrid Zukerman & Richard McConachy Lunch

1:30

2:00 2:30 3:30 4:00

Content and Rhetorical Status Selection in Instructional Texts Leila Kosseim & Guy Lapalme

Expressing Procedural Relationships in Multilingual Instructions

Judy Delin, Anthony Hartley, Cecile L. Paris, Donia Scott, Keith Vander Linden Break

Poster Session:

Situation Viewpoints for Generation Henry Hamburger & Dan Tufts

Content Selection and Organization as a Process Involving Compromises Helmut Horacek

Bidkectional Incremental Generation and Analysis with Categorial Grammar and Indexed Quasi-Logical Form

Torbjoem Lager & William J. Black

Toward a Multidimensional Framework to Guide the Automated Generation of Text Types Julia Lavid & Eduard Hovy

CORECT: Combining CSCW with Natural Language Generation for Collaborative Requirements Capture

John Levine and Chris Mellish

Generation in the LOL1TA System: An Engineering Approach Mark H. Smith, Roberto Garigliano, & Richard G. Morgan

7:00 8:30

Stefan Svenberg

Sign-Language Generation in ZARDOZ: An English to Sign-Language Translation System Tony Veale & Alan Conway

Dinner

Invited Speaker: James Pustejovsky, Brandeis University

Wendesday, June 22

8:30 9:30 10:30 11:00

11:30

On Moving On On Ontologies Robin P. Fawcett

On the Creative Use of Language: The Form of Lexical Resources David D. McDonald & Federica Busa

Break

Semantic Lexicons: The Cornerstone for Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation

Evelyne Viegas and Pierrette Bouillon

Generating Event Descriptions with Sage: A Simulation and Generation Environment

Marie Meteer Lunch

Towards an Account of Causation in a Multilingual Text Generation System Liesbeth Degand

Generating Context Appropriate Word Orders in Turkish Beryl Hoffman

OUTING and BANQUET

Thursday, June 23

8:30 9:30 10:00 10:30 11:00 12:00 1:00 1:30 2:30

Using a Textual Representation Level Component in the Context of Discourse and Dialogue Generation

Franck Panaget

Building Another Bridge over the Generation Gap Leo Wanner

Break

Planning Reference Choices for Argumentative Texts Xiaorong Huang

Towards the Application of Text Generation in an Integrated Publication System Elke Teich, John Bateman

Lunch

Has a Consensus NL Generation Architecture Appeared, and is it Psycholinguistically Plausible?

Ehud Reiter

The Role of Cognitive Modeling in Communicative Intentions Owen Rarnbow and Marilyn Walker

Break

3:00

3:30

4:30

7:00

8:30

Recognizing Digressive Questions Using a Model for Interactive Generation

Susan M. Hailer

Generating Indirect Answers to Yes-No Questions

Nancy Green & Sandra Carberry

Panel discussion: Evaluating Generation Systems

Invited panelists: Lyn Bates, BBN, Eduard Hovy, ISI and Stephanie Seneff, MIT

Dinner

Demos

Friday, June 24

9:00

10:15

10:45

11:15

12:15

Invited Speaker: Mari Ostendorf, Boston University

Break

Real-Time Natural Language Generation in NL-SOAR

Robert Rubinoff & Jill Fain Lehman

Generating Cooperative System Responses in Information Retrieval Dialogues

Markus Fischer, Elisabeth Maier, & Adelheit Stein

Closing remarks

° . °

Table of Contents

Discovery and Format of Input Structures for Tactical Generation

Mark Seligman . . . 1

DPOCL: A Principled Approach To Discourse Planning

R. Michael Young and Johanna D. Moore ... 13

Building Underlying Structures for Multiparagraph Texts

Robert Granville . . . 21

Sequencing as a Planning Task

Daniel D. Suthers . . . 29

Discourse Planning as an Optimization Process

Ingrid Zukerman and Richard McConachy . . . 37

Intentions, Structure and Expression in Multi-Lingual Instructions

Cecile L. Paris and Donia R. Scott . . . 45

Content and Rhetorical Status Selection in Instructional Texts

Leila Kosseim and Guy Lapalme ... 53

Expressing Procedural Relationships in Multilingual Instructions

Judy Delin, Anthony Hartley, Cecile Paris, Donia Scott, Keith Vander Linden . . . 61

On Moving On On Ontologies

Robin P. Fawcett . . . 71

On the Creative Use of Language: The Form of Lexical Resources

David D. McDonald and Federica Busa . . . 81

Semantic Lexicons: The Cornerstone for Lexical Choice in Natural Language Generation

Evelyne Viegas and Pierrette Bouillon . . . 91

Generating Event Descriptions with Sage: A Simulation and Generation Environment

Marie M e t e e r ... 99

Towards an Account of Causation in a Multilingual Text Generation System

Liesbeth Degand . . . 108

Generating Context Appropriate Word Orders in Turkish

Beryl Hoffman . . . 117

Using a Textual Representation Level Component in the Context of Discourse and Dialogue Generation

Franck Panaget . . . 127

Building Another Bridge over the Generation Gap

L e o W a n n e r ... 137

Planning Reference Choices for Argumentative Texts

Xiaorong Huang . . . 145

Towards the Application of Text Generation in an Integrated Publication System

Elke Teich and John Bateman . . . 153

Has a Consensus NL Generation Architecture Appeared, and is it Psycholinguistically Plausible?

Ehud Reiter . . . 163

The Role of Cognitive Modeling in Communicative Intentions

Owen Rambow and Marilyn Walker . . . 171

Recognizing Digressive Questions Using a Model for Interactive Generation

Susan M. Hailer . . . 181

Generating Indirect Answers to Yes-No Questions

Nancy Green and Sandra Carberry . . . 189

Real-Time Natural Language Generation in NL-SOAR

Robert Rubinoff and Jill Fain Lehman . . . 199

Generating Cooperative System Responses in Information Retrieval Dialogues

Markus Fischer, Elisabeth Maier, and Adelheit Stein ... 207

Situation Viewpoints for Generation

Henry Hamburger and Dan Tufts . . . 217

Content Selection and Organization as a Process Involving Compromises

H e l m u t H o r a c e k ... 221

Bidirectional Incremental Generation and Analysis with Categofial Grammar and Indexed Quasi-Logical Form

Torbjoern Lager and William J. Black . . . 225

Toward a Multidimensional Framework to Guide the Automated Generation of Text Types

Julia Lavid and Eduard Hovy . . . 229

CORECT: Combining CSCW with Natural Language Generation for Collaborative Requkements Capture

John Levine and Chris MeUish... 236

Semanitic Syntax at Work

Pieter A.M. Seuren and Henk P. Schotel . . . 240

Generation in the LOLITA System: An Engineenng Approach

Mark H. Smith, Roberto Garigliano, and Richard G. Morgan ... 241

Representing Conceptual and Linguistic Knowledge for Multi-Lingual Generation in a Technical Domain

S t e f a n S v e n b e r g ... 245

Sign-Language Generation in ZARDOZ: An English to Sign-Language Translation System

Tony V e a l e and Alan C o n w a y ... 249

A u t h o r L i s t

J o h n B a t e m a n . . . 153

W i l l i a m J. B l a c k . . . 2 2 5 P i e r r e t t e B o u i l l o n . . . 91

F e d e r i c a B u s a . . . 81

S a n d r a C a r b e r r y . . . 189

A l a n C o n w a y . . . 2 4 9 L i e s b e t h D e g a n d . . . 108

J u d y D e l i n . . . 61

R o b i n P. F a w c e t t . . . 71

M a r k u s F i s c h e r . . . 2 0 7 R o b e r t o G a r i g l i a n o . . . 241

R o b e r t G r a n v i l l e . . . 21

N a n c y G r e e n . . . 189

S u s a n M . H a i l e r . . . 181

H e n r y H a m b u r g e r . . . 2 1 7 A n t h o n y H a r t l e y . . . 61

B e r y l H o f f m a n . . . 117

H e l m u t H o r a c e k . . . 221

E d u a r d H o v y . . . 2 2 9 X i a o r o n g H u a n g . . . 145

T o r b j o e r n L a g e r . . . 2 2 5 G u y L a p a l m e . . . 53

J u l i a L a v i d . . . 2 2 9 Jill F a i n L e h m a n . . . 199

J o h n L e v i n e . . . 2 3 6 L e i l a K o s s e i m . . . 53

E l i s a b e t h M a i e r . . . 2 0 7 R i c h a r d M c C o n a c h y . . . 37

D a v i d D. M c D o n a l d . . . 81

C h r i s M e l l i s h . . . 2 3 6 M a r i e M e t e e r . . . 9 9 J o h a n n a D . M o o r e . . . 13

R i c h a r d G . M o r g a n . . . 2 4 1 F r a n c k P a n a g e t . . . 1 2 7 C e c i l e L. P a r i s . . . 4 5 , 61 O w e n R a i n b o w . . .

171

E h u d R e i t e r . . . 163

R o b e r t R u b i n o f f . . . 1 9 9 H e n k P. S c h o t e l . . . 2 4 0 D o n i a R. S c o t t . . . 4 5 , 61 M a r k S e l i g m a n . . .

1

P i e t e r A . M . S e u r e n . . . 2 4 0 M a r k H . S m i t h . . . 2 4 1 A d e l h e i t S t e i n . . . 2 0 7 D a n i e l D . S u t h e r s . . . 2 9 S t e f a n S v e n b e r g . . . 2 4 5 E l k e T e i c h . . . 153

D a n T u f t s . . . 2 1 7 K e i t h V a n d e r L i n d e n . . . 61

T o n y V e a l e . . . 2 4 9 E v e l y n e V i e g a s . . . 91

M a r i l y n W a l k e r . . . 171

L e o W a n n e r . . . 1 3 7 I n g r i d Z u k e r m a n . . . 3 7 R. M i c h a e l Y o u n g . . . 13

A c k n o w l e d g e m e n t s

The Seventh International Workshop on Natural Language Generation was organized by a committee that was assembled at the end o f the previous International Generation

Workshop, held at Castel Ivano in Trento, Italy in April of 1992. The members of the committee were:

Robin Fawcett - - University of Cardiff

E d Hovy - - Infomaafion Sciences Institute, Los Angles David McDonald (program chair) m Brandeis University

Marie Meteer (arrangements chair) - - Bolt Beranek & Newman, Cambridge Donia Scott - - Information Technology Research Institute, Brighton

Koenraad deSmedt - - U n i v e r s i t y o f Leiden

The paper submitted to the workshop were reviewed by an international committee:

John Bateman - - GMD-IPSI, Darmstadt Stephan B u s e m a n n m DFKI, Saarbr0ken

Michael Elhadad - - Ben Gurion University o f the Negev, Beer Sheva Richard Kittredge m University of Montreal

Tafiana Korelsky - - CoGenTex, Ithaca, N.Y. Kathy M c K e o w n - - Columbia University Jon Oberlander - - Edinburg University

Cecile Paris - - Information Technology Research Institute, Brighton T. Pattabhiraman - - Simon Fraser University, Vancouver

O w e n R a m b o w - - T A L A N A , Paris Norbert Reithinger - - DFKI, Saarbriiken Patrick Saint-Dizier m IRIT-CNRS, Toulouse

Keith Vander Lindens ~ Information Technology Research Institute, Brighton K. V i j a y - S h a n k e r - University o f Delaware

Ingrid Zukerman - - Monash University, Melbourne

The financial support provided by

The National

A m e r i c a n A s s o c i a t i o n f o r A r t i f i c i a l I n t e l l i g e n c e is most gratefully a c k n o w l e d g e d .

..°