Journal – 10-07
What caused the Civil War?
Answer in one sentence. List three
pieces of evidence to support your
response. You may use your
The Course of the War
Secession of the Southern States
Lincoln’s Response?
Lincoln's election in 1860 brought the
Southern states to the point of secession and Lincoln to a fateful
question:
Should he allow peaceful secession or should he coerce the rebels to
Secession of Southern
States
Lincoln’s Response (cont.)
“In your hands, my dissatisfied fellow countrymen, and not in mine, is the momentous issue of civil war. The government will not assail you. You can have no conflict without being yourselves the aggressors. You have an oath registered in Heaven to destroy the government, while I shall have the most solemn one to ‘preserve, protect, and defend it.”
“I am loath to close. We are not enemies, but friends. We must not be enemies. Though passion may have strained, it must not break our bonds of affection. The mystic chords of memory, stretching from every battlefield and patriot
Secession of Southern States
The Southern decision to secede
was based on
old
arguments:
The USA was a “
compact
between
states,” not a national
gov’t “
above
the states”
–Therefore, states could
leave
the Union freely & peacefully
Southerners had threatened secession during a Congressional debate over slavery in 1790, the Missouri Crisis of 1820, the Nullification Crisis
Bombardment of Fort Sumter,
(Charleston (SC) Harbor)
April 12-14, 1861
“All proper facilities will be afforded for the removal of yourself and
command, together with company arms and property, and all private property, to any post in the United States which you select. The flag which you have upheld so long with so much fortitude, under the most trying circumstances, may
be saluted by you on taking it down.”
--General Pierre Gustave Toutant Beauregard (Confed. Officer)
“The general’s demand was one with which I regret that my sense of honor, and of my obligations to my government, prevent my compliance.
When Lincoln was elected in 1860,
7 Southern states seceded from the Union & formed the Confederate States of America
The Civil War began when Fort Sumter
was fired upon by Confederate soldiers
4 more Southern states seceded in 1861 when Lincoln called for military
volunteers to “preserve the Union”
Northern Advantages
At the outbreak of the Civil War, the
North had lots of advantages: –Larger population for troops
–Greater industrial capacity (Diverse economy)
–Huge edge in RR transportation
Problem for the North:
–Had to invade the South to win
Southern Advantages
Although outnumbered & less
industrial, South had advantages:
–President Davis knew that they
did not have to “win” the war;
the South only had to drag out
the fight & make the
North quit
–Had the
best
military leaders
–England & France appeared
more
willing
to
support
the
South
Robert E. “Stonewall” J.E.B.
Lee Jackson Stuart
“King Cotton”
Union Strategy
The Union strategy during the war
was called the Anaconda Plan: –Blockade the coast, seize the
Mississippi River to divide the South, & take Richmond
–Exploit South’s dependency on foreign trade & its inability to
manufacture weapons
–Relied on Northern advantages in population, industry, & military
Blockade the Southern coast Take control of the
Mississippi River
Divide the West from South
Take the CSA capital at Richmond
Ulysses Grant in the
West
George McClellan
was in charge of Army of the
Confederate Strategy
The Confederate strategy during the
war was an Offensive Defense: –Protect Southern territory from
“Northern aggression” but attack into Union territory when the opportunity presents itself
–Get Britain & France to join their cause because of European
dependency on “King Cotton”
Journal 10-08
List two advantages the Union
and Confederacy had when the
Civil War began.
When you are finished with learning target,
Fighting the Civil War: 1861-1863
From 1861 to mid-1863, the Confederatearmy was winning the Civil War:
–Defensive strategy carried out by
superior Southern generals like Robert E. Lee & “Stonewall” Jackson
Bull Run (Manassas),
July,1861: The 1st battle of the
Civil War; Stonewall Jackson kept the Union army from
taking the CSA capital at Richmond
The Union will need a
Antietam, Sept. 1862: General Lee’s 1st attempt to
Battle of Antietam
“
Bloodiest Single Day of the War
”
1861-1863
Antietam was a turning point:
–England and France
The Emancipation
Proclamation
After Antietam, Lincoln issued the
Emancipation Proclamation:
– This executive order freed all slaves in Confederate territories
States Impacted by the
The
Emancipatio n
Emancipation Proclamation
Why did Lincoln do this?
– Added a moral element to the war
– Inspired slaves to escape – robbed the South of their plantation labor force
– Won European support (Euros. Opposed slavery)
Conclusions:
1861-1863
Despite being outnumbered &under-equipped, the CSA dominated the fighting in the East from 1861-1863 due to better generals & a defensive strategy
But, the Union Army was having success in the West under the leadership of Ulysses S. Grant
By mid-1863, the weight of the Northern population
& industrial capacity will begin to turn the tide of the
