159 Elementary-English.pdf

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UNIT 1

IN THE CLASSROOM

READING

Mrs Cabot: Good afternoon. My name is Helen Cabot. And what is your name?

Ivan: Ilic.

Mrs Cabot: Pardon?

Ivan: My name is Ivan Ilić.

Mrs Cabot: I am a teacher of English. And what are you?

Ivan: I'm a student.

Mrs Cabot: Yes, you are a student of English. And where are you from, Mr Ilic?

Ivan: I'm from Banja Luka, Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Mrs Cabot: Thank you.

Ivan Ilic is a student of English. He is from Banja Luka. Who is this? It's his friend Milan Marković. He's from Prijedor. Milan and Ivan are in London now. They are in the classroom. This is Helen Cabot. She is their teacher of English and she's from London.

Mrs Cabot: Are you from Bosnia and Herzegovina, Mr Marković?

Milan: Yes, I am.

Mrs Cabot: Are you from Banja Luka?

Milan: No, I'm not. I'm from Prijedor.

Mrs Cabot: Are you and Mr Ilić in Prijedor now?

Milan: No, we aren't. We are in London.

A

B

UNIT 1

Language focus 1

Language focus 2

Personal Pronouns

I, you, he, she, it, we, they are personal pronouns.

Present Tense of »to be«

Positive Sentences Short Forms

Negative Sentences Short Forms

Short Answers

Questions Positive Negative I am is He She It _{in the classroom.} are We You They I'm He's She's It's We're You're They're in the classroom. I am not He She It is not We You They are not from London. I'm not He She isn't It from London. We You aren't They Am I Are you Is in the classroom? Ivan he Mrs Cabot she it Are we you they

Yes, you are. No, you aren't. Yes, I am. No, I'm not.

Yes, is. No, isn't. he she it he she it

Yes, are. No, aren't. you we they you we they

UNIT 1

EXERCISING

LISTENING

Greetings and Polite Phrases

Good morning Goodbye Good afternoon Please Good evening Thank you

Possessive Adjectives

I. Change the sentences using the right form of »to be«

Example: She is in the classroom. I: I am in the classroom. 1. they 2. he 3. Mrs Cabot 4. their teacher 5. she 6. Ivan 7. I 8. we 9. he 10. Milan 11. she 12. I 13. you 14. my friend

II. Ask questions.

Example: Are you in the classroom?

he: Is he in the classroom?

1. we 2. they 3. Milan

4. your teacher

5. you and your friend 6. his student

7. you

8. she 9. Ivan

10. Milan and Ivan 11. Mrs Cabot 12. your friend 13. I

UNIT 1

HOME

III. Answer in the negative.

Example: Mrs Cabot is a teacher. And Ivan? Ivan isn't

a teacher.

1. Ivan is from Banja Luka. And Milan?

2. We are in the classroom. And Mrs Cabot? 3. I am a teacher. And you?

4. My friend is a teacher. And your friend? 5. We are in Banja Luka. And Ivan and Milan?

6. Banja Luka is in Bosnia and Herzegovina. And London? 7. Mrs Cabot is from London. And you?

8. Milan is from Prijedor. And Ivan?

9. Ivan is a student of English. And Mrs. Cabot?

10. Ivan and Milan are in London now. And you and your friend? 11. Mrs Cabot is from London. And your teacher?

12. You are my student. And Milan? 13. Ivan is in London. And you?

14. You are in Banja Luka. And Ivan and Milan?

IV. Ask and answer.

Example: classroom (we)

Is this our classroom? Yes, it is. / No, it isn't.

1. book (he) 8. blackboard (we) 2. pen (you) 9. book (I) 3. desk (she) 10. classroom (they) 4. chair (I) 11. coat (you) 5. teacher (we) 12. pen (she) 6. classroom (you) 13. chair (he) 7. coat (he) 14. blackboard (they)

V. Questions

a) 1. W hat is Mrs Cabot? 2. Is she from London?

3. W hat is Ivan? 4. W here is he from? 5. Is Milan from Banja Luka?

6. Are Milan and Ivan in-London now? b) 1. Are you a student of English?

2. Are you from London? 3. Where are you from?

4. Are you in the classroom now? 5. Is Milan Marković your friend? 6. Are you a teacher of English?

UNIT 1

VI. Complete this.

1. We ... in the classroom. 2. She ... from London. 3. I ... a student. 4. He ... from Prijedor. 5. This ...my friend.

6. They ... from Banja Luka.

VII. Use the right possessive adjective.

1. This is Mrs Cabot ... name is Helen. 2. This is Mr Ilic ... name is Ivan. 3. We are in ... ... classroom.

4. They are in ... classroom. 5. I'm a student. ... name is Milan. 6. Are you a student? Is this ... ... book?

VIII. Make questions.

Example: Yes, it's my pen.

Is this your pen?

1. Yes, it is. It's my coat. 2. She is a teacher of English. 3. No, I'm not.

4. It's my friend, Ivan Ilic. 5. I'm in the classroom now. 6. Yes, they are.

IX. Answer this.

Example: Where are you from? I'm from. Bosnia and Herzegovina. 1. Where is Ivan from?

2. Where are you from?

3. Where are Ivan and Milan from? 4. Where is your friend from? 5. Where is Mrs Cabot from? 6. Where are we from?

X. Open Dialogue

Teacher: What is your name? Student: ... Teacher: Where are you from? Student: ...

Teacher: Are you a student of English? Student: ...

UNIT 2

IVAN’S ROOM

Mrs Cabot: Where is your room, Ivan?

It's at 10, Oxford Street. It's near our school.

What is your room like? Is it big or small? It's small.

Is it downstairs?

No, it's upstairs on the left.

How many rooms are there on your floor? There are five. They are all very nice.

Ivan's room is in a big house at 10, Oxford Street. It isn't downstairs, it's upstairs on the left. His room is small but very comfortable. There is a large window opposite the door. It is open now. There is a desk on the right. There are many books, two notebooks, a lamp and five pencils on the desk. There are two armchairs and a small table in the middle of the room. There is a box of matches on the table. Ivan's bed is near the door. There is a clock under the bed.

Numbers from 1 to 20

A

B

UNIT 2

Plural of Nouns

Singular Plural

Add -s or -es- to make the plural.

There is — There are

Articles

The Indefinite Article The Definite Article

This is a window. The window is open.

He is a student. The student is from Banja Luka.

That is an armchair. The armchair is comfortable. Plural of Articles

He is a student. They are students.

The room is nice. The rooms are nice.

Adjectives

There is a small table in the room. There are five large rooms upstairs. The armchair is comfortable.

Small, large, comfortable are adjectives.

She's a teacher. teachers. Izl a door. doors. Izl It's _{a bed.}

a book.

They are beds. Izl books. Isl a lamp. lamps. Isl He's a student. students. Isl It's _{a atch.}

a box.

They are matches, /iz/ boxes, /iz/

is a lamp one bed There

are two chairs many books in Ivan's room. How many lamps chairs are there? is one (lamp). There

UNIT 2

EXERCISING I. Answer this.

Example: How many schools are there in this street?

There are two.

1. How many students are there in our classroom? 2. How many teachers are there?

3. How many desks are there? 4. How many books are there? 5. How many coats are there? 6. How many pens are there?

7. How many blackboards are there? 8. How many chairs are there?

9. How many English books are there on your desk? 10. How many classrooms are there in our school? 11. How many classrooms are there on our floor? 12. How many pens are there on your desk? 13. How many rooms are there downstairs? 14. How many chairs are there on the left?

II. Change the sentences using »there is« or »there are«.

Example: There is a desk in the room. a chair: There is a chair in the room.

1. a bed 8. an armchair 2. two chairs 9. many boxes 3. a small table 10. four students 4. two windows 11. a large desk 5. a door 12. five pens 6. many books 13. a clock 7. three notebooks 14. two-lamps

III. Make sentences.

Example: a bed / near the door

There is a bed near the door.

1. many books / on my table

2. fourteen chairs / in our classroom 3. a lamp / on his desk

4. a door / in the room

5. many students / in the classroom

6. a small table / in the middle of the room 8. a large room / on the right

9. five rooms / upstairs 10. four rooms / downstairs 11. ten desks / in the classroom 12. two notebooks / on the desk 13. a clock / near the bed 14. many matches / in the box

UNIT 2

HOME

IV. Make questions with »how many«.

Example: students / the classroom

How many students are there in the classroom?

1. doors / your room 2. chairs / the classroom 3. tables / her room 4. beds / his room

5. books / your desk 6. notebooks / their desks 7. lamps / the table 8. pens / his desk

9. students / our classroom 10. windows / your room 11. rooms / upstairs 12. rooms / downstairs 13. pencils / my desk

14. armchairs / Ivan's room .

V. Look at the film and ask questions with »how many« and »where«.

Example: a) How many lamps are there? There is one (lamp). Where is it? It's on the desk.

b) How many chairs are there? There are six (chairs). Where are they? They're in the room.

VI. Questions

a) 1. W here is Ivan's room? 2. Is it near his school? 3. What is it like?

4. Is Ivan's room downstairs?

5. How many rooms are there on his floor? 6. W hat are they all like?

b) Describe your classroom.

VII. Put into the plural.

Example: There is a book on the table. (3)

There are three books on the table.

1. There is a lamp in the room. (4) 2. There is a notebook on the desk. (9) 3. There is a box under the table. (5) 4. There is a desk in the classroom. (12) 5. There is a small room upstairs. (7) 6. There is a student in the classroom. (14)

UNIT 2

VIII. Make questions to the following answers.

Example: There are five teachers in the classroom.

How many teachers are there in the classroom?

1. There are nineteen books on the desk.

2. There are seventeen students in the classroom. 3. There is one lamp on the desk.

4. There are two windows in the room. 5. There is one bed in the room. 6. There are six chairs near the table. IX. Ask and answer.

Example: books / the desk nice

Are there many books on the desk? Yes, there are. Are they nice? Yes, they are.

1. students / the classroom from Banja Luka

2. notebooks / the desks nice

3. lamps / the room small

. 4. rooms / upstairs large

5. chairs / the table comfortable

6. rooms / downstairs small

X. Open Dialogue

Teacher: ...? lvo: It's at 10, Oxford Street.

Teacher: ... ? lvo: Yes, it is.

Teacher: ... ? lvo: No, it isn't. It's upstairs.

Teacher: ... ? lvo: It's small but comfortable.

UNIT 3

THE JOHNSONS AND THE CABOTS

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus

Exercising

Two families

Present Tense of “have(got)” Irregular Plural of Nouns Possessive of Nouns

READING

LANGUAGE FOCUS

The Johnsons and the Cabots are two English families. The Johnsons are the Cabots' friends. They are good friends.

The Johnsons

Mr William Johnson is a doctor and his wife Ann is a housewife. They have two children, a boy and a girl. The Johnsons' son Henry is 20 years old and he is a student at Oxford. Their daughter's name is Pat. She is eight years old and she is a schoolgirl.

In front of Mrs Cabot's classroom

Note: Observe the plural of nouns ending in »y«.

This is a boy. There are three boys in the room.

I've got a big family. There are six families on our floor.

Present Tense of »have (got)«

Positive Sentences Short Forms

Mr Ivan Mr Ivan Mr Ivan Mr Ivan Mr Ivan Mr Cabot Cabot Cabot Cabot Cabot Cabot

Hello. My name is John Cabot. I'm Helen Cabot's husband. How do you do? My name is Ivan Ilic.

Whose student are you? I'm Mrs Cabot's student. Has Helen got many students?

Oh, yes, she has. There are many young men and women in our class. Are you a teacher, too?

No, I'm an architect. I've got an office in town. Is your house in London, too?

We haven't got a house. We have a large and comfortable flat near Oxford Street. Come to dinner one evening, Ivan. Oh, thank you.

Not at all.

A

B

I

You Pat and

Henry They have

a book, a pencil. has (got) a lamp, a room. Henry He Pat She The room It a window. a door. I've You've They've He's She's got a book, a pencil. a lamp. a room. It's a door.

UNIT 3 Negative Sentences I You We They have not (haven't) Henry He Pat She a book. a pencil, a lamp, a room. The room It has not (hasn't) got a window. a door. Questions you

Have the Johnsons a book? they a pencil? Has Henry he Pat got _{a lamp?} a room? she

the room a window? it a door? Short Answers Positive I we have. they Yes, he she has. it Negative I we haven't. they No, he she hasn't. it

UNIT 3

Irregular Plural of Nouns

Singular

It's a child, /tRaild/ It's a woman, /'wum?n/ It's a man. /mzn/

Plural

They are children, /'tRildr?n/ They are women, /'wimin/ They are men. /men/

Possessive of Nouns

Possessive of nouns answers the question Whose?

This is Pat's room.

Ann is Mr Johnson's wife. They are children's books.

They are girls' rooms. Henry is the Johnsons' son.

The Johnsons are the Cabots' friends.

Nouns with Regular Plural Singular Plural boy boys boy's boys'

Nouns with Irregular Plural Singular Plural child children child's children's Note: Add 's to all nouns (singular and plural) not ending in »s«.

Add ' to all nouns (singular and plural) ending in »s«.

I. Make sentences using the right form of »have«.

Example: the Johnsons / a daughter

The Johnsons have a daughter.

1. Ivan / a nice room

2. the Cabots / many friends 3. Mr Johnson / a son 4. you / two notebooks 5. Pat / a nice coat 6. Henry / many books 7. we / a large classroom 8. the Johnsons / two children 9. I / five pencils

10. Ivan / two armchairs

11. the teacher / fifteen students 12. they / a big house

13. Milan / a good clock 14. I / a comfortable chair

UNIT 3

HOME

II. Make questions using the right form of »have got«.

Example: you / a large flat

Have you got a large flat?

1. Henry / many friends

2. the students / a big classroom 3. Mrs Cabot / many students 4. you / a big family

5. the architect / a large office 6. the Johnsons / two children 7. the teacher / many books 8. Ivan / a nice room

9. you / a comfortable bed

10. Mrs Johnson / a young daughter 11. we /a good teacher

12. Milan / a pen

13. the children / many notebooks 14. you / a box of matches

III. Ask and answer using »Whose«and the possessive of nouns.

Example: teacher I Mrs Cabot

Whose teacher is Mrs Cabot? She is Ivan's teacher.

1. student / Milan 8. son / Henry 2. husband / Mr Johnson 9. student / Ivan 3. children / Pat and Henry 10. husband / Mr Cabot 4. daughter / Pat 11. friends / the Cabots 5. friends / the Johnsons 12. students / Ivan and Milan 6. wife / Helen 13. wife / Mrs Johnson 7. friend / Milan 14. friend / Mr Cabot

IV. Questions

a) 1. Who are the Johnsons and the Cabots? 2. What is Mr William Johnson?

3. What is his wife?

4. How many children have they got? 5. Whose husband is Mr Cabot? 6. Whose friends are the Cabots? b) 1. Have you got a family?

2. Have you got a flat? 3. Where is it?

4. What is your flat like?

5. Have you got many good friends? 6. Are they in London?

UNIT 3

V. Answer the questions.

1. Whose husband is Mr Johnson? 2. Whose children are Pat and Henry? 3. Whose wife is Mrs Cabot?

4. Whose friends are the Johnsons? 5. Whose student is Ivan?

6. Whose house is in London?

VI. Put in the right form of “have got”

1. Ivan ... many books.

2. The Cabots ... a large flat. 3. We ... a comfortable classroom. 4. Pat ... many good friends.

5 ... you ... a nice room?

6. Mr Cabot ... a big office.

VII. Change the sentences using the possessive of nouns.

Example: The Johnsons have a big house. The Johnsons' house is big. 1. Ivan has a comfortable bed ... 2. The Cabots have a large flat... 3. Pat has a small room... 4. This student has an old book... 5. The teacher has a big desk ... 6. The children have a nice room ...

VIII. Answer the questions and use »too«.

Example: Is Ivan from Banja Luka? Yes, he is.

Are you from Banja Luka? Yes, I'm from Banja Luka, too.

1. Is Milan a student? Are you a student? 2. Where is the blackboard?

Where is the desk?

3. Is Mrs Cabot in the classroom? Is Milan in the classroom?

4. Is Ivan from Bosnia and Herzegovina? Are you from Bosnia and Herzegovina? 5. Are we in Banja Luka?

UNIT 4

DINNER AT THE CABOTS’

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus Exercising

Dinner at the Cabots’ Numbers

Plural of Pronouns

READING

LANGUAGE FOCUS

In the Cabots' flat, at 67, Mortimer Street

Mr and Mrs Johnson are the Cabots' guests tonight. The two men, John and Bill, are in the living-room. John has a glass in his hand. It's full of sherry. The women are in the kitchen. There are many plates, knives, forks, spoons and cups on the kitchen table. Dinner is ready.

Ivan is at the door.

Ivan: Mrs Cabot: Mr Cabot: Ivan: The Johnsons: Mr Johnson: Ivan: Mr Cabot: Mrs Cabot: Mr Cabot: Mrs Cabot:

Good evening, Mrs Cabot.

Good evening, Ivan. Come in, please.

This is Ivan Ilic, a student of English from Bosnia and Herzegovina. These are our friends, the Johnsons.

How do you do? How do you do?

Sorry, what is your name ? Ivan Ilic. I-L-I-C.

Sit down, Ivan, and have a drink. Helen, where is that bottle of sherry? And those small glasses?

They are on the small table in the corner. And the bottle of sherry is there, too. But darling, there is only mineral water there.

Oh dear, the bottle of sherry is still in the kitchen. I'm sorry.

Observe the plural of »knife«. There is a knife on the table. There are two knives on the table.

Numbers from 20 to 1,000,000

120 one hundred and twenty 135 one hundred and thirty-five 200 two hundred 300 three hundred 400 four hundred 500 five hundred 600 six hundred 700 seven hundred 800 eight hundred 900 nine hundred 1000 a/one thousand

1150 one thousand one hundred and fifty 1,000,000 a/one million

A

UNIT 4 EXERCISING

Plural of Pronouns

What are these? What are those?

They’re windows. tables. Singular Plural this these that those he she they it

I. Complete these sentences using the plural.

Example: This house is big, and ...

and these houses are big, too.

1. This desk is small, and ...

2. This pencil's on the desk, and . . . 3. This door is big, and ...

4. This room is small, and ... 5. This bed is comfortable, and ... 6. This chair is near the table, and ... 7. This man's old, and ...

8. This glass is small, and ...

9. This spoon's on the table, and . .. 10. This child's in bed, and ...

11. This student is from Yugoslavia, and . . . 12. This woman's in the kitchen, and ... 13. This office is large, and ...

14. This flat is comfortable, and ...

II. Complete these sentences using the plural.

Example: That door is open, and ... and those doors are open, too. 1. That woman's young, and ...

2. That book is good, and ... 3. That girl is in the street, and ... 4. That' knife is on the table, and ... 5. That window is open, and ... 6. That child's small, and ...

UNIT 4

7. That room's on the left, and .. . 8. That woman's old, and .. . 9. That box is in the corner, and .. . 10. That plate's on the table, and . .. 11. That man's from London, and . . . 12. That armchair is comfortable, and . 13. That bottle is in the kitchen, and . 14. That bed is opposite the door, and

III. Questions

a) 1. Where is the Cabots' flat?

2. Whose guests are the Johnsons? 3. Where are John and Bill?

4. Are their wives in the living-room, too? 5. What is there on the kitchen table? 6. Is dinner ready?

b) 1. Where is your flat?

2. How many rooms have you got? 3. What is your living-room like? 4. Is your kitchen big or small?

5. What have you got in your kitchen? 6. Have you got many cups and plates?

IV. Spell your name. V. Put into the plural.

Example: This bed is comfortable.

These beds are comfortable.

1. That house is very big. 2. This woman is in the kitchen. 3. That child is 12 years old. 4. She is nice.

5. He is a good student. 6. This man is very old.

VI. Put in the article where necessary.

Example: There is ... chair in ... . corner.

There is a chair in the corner.

1. Pat is ... small girl.

2. There is ... notebook on ... desk. 3. ... teacher is in ... classroom. 4. Mr Cabot is ... architect.

5. He has got ... office in town. 6. ... office is very big.

UNIT 5

IVAN AND HIS NEW FRIENDS

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus

Exercising

Ivan’s new friends Present Tense of “can”

Personal Pronouns – Objective Case Colours

READING In Oxford Street

Ivan: Good afternoon, Mr Johnson.

Mr Johnson: Oh, hello, Ivan. How are you? Ivan: Very well, thank you.

Mr Johnson: Are your classes over for today?

Ivan: No, we have a short break at this time of the day.

Mr Johnson: Good. You can come with me and meet my son

Henry and his friends. They are in a little coffee bar here in Oxford Street. You can have a cup of

coffee with us.

Ivan: Fine. I can come with you but I can't stay very

long. I have another English class, you see. Is the coffee bar very far?

Mr Johnson: No, it's quite near. Look! Can you see that big,

yellow house on the corner?

Ivan: Yes, I can.

Mr Johnson: Well, the coffee bar is just round the corner. You

can be back at school in 5 minutes. In the coffee bar

Here are Ivan and his new friends. We can see them all in the coffee bar. The tall, good-looking young man in the middle is Henry Johnson. We can see him between two young girls. One is Jane and the other is Margaret. Margaret is Henry's girl-friend. Her hair is dark and long. She has got big brown eyes and beautiful white teeth. Jane is very pretty, too. Her hair is blond and short and her eyes are blue. Jane has got a nice red dress on. We can see her near Ivan. Mr Johnson is behind them at the bar.

Observe the plurals of »tooth« and »foot«.

It's a tooth. Pat's teeth are white. It's a foot. Pat's feet are small.

A

UNIT 5

Present Tense of »can«

Positive and Negative Sentences I come here. You stay there. Henry can see his friends. Jane cannot have a cup of coffee. We (can't) be back in 5 minutes. The students

Short ans wers

Questions Positive Negative

Can I you he Pat we they see Ivan there? Yes, I you he she we they can. No, I you he she we they can't.

Personal Pronouns — Objective Case

a) Before a verb I he she it we you they b)

c)

After a verb or

a preposition me him her it us you them

a) Before a verb

He can see Pat.

I can see Ivan's room. We can see the children.

b) After a verb He can see her. I can see it. We can see them. a) After a preposition

You can sit near us. I can sit with them.

There are many books in front of him.

Colours

is your book?

her dress? It’s What colour

are

your pens?

your desks? They’re

blue. red. brown. yellow. white.

UNIT 5

EXERCISING

HOME

I. Ask and answer.

Example: see Henry

Can you see Henry? Yes, I can. / No, I can't.

1. have a cup of coffee now 2. open that bottle

3. be back in 10 minutes 4. come to dinner

5. stay very long 6. see that big house

7. have a short break 8. come to our house

9. have another English class 10. sit down

11. see Ivan's friends

12. come to Bosnia and Herzegovina 13. have a glass of sherry

14. open the window

II. Ask questions.

Example: The guests are in the living-room.

Can you see them?

1. I'm near the house. 2. Henry is in the coffee bar.

3. The students are in the classroom. 4. We are behind our school.

5. There is a big house on the corner. 6. We are in the middle of the street. 7. There are two books on the desk. 8. Mr Johnson is in his armchair. 9. I'm near Jane.

10. Pat is in the corner. 11. We are on the left.

12. There is a glass on the table.

III. Questions

a) 1. Can Ivan have a cup of coffee with Mr Johnson? 2. Where can they have a cup of coffee?

3. Where is the coffee bar? 4. Who can he meet there? 5. Can Ivan stay very long? 6. Can he be back in 5 minutes? b) 1. What colour are your eyes?

2. What colour is your pen? 3. What colour are your teeth? 4. What colour are your notebooks? 5. What colour is your coat?

UNIT 5

IV. Put the right word into these sentences.

1. You can see (I, me) in the living-room. 2. There are two books in front of (he, him). 3. We can see (her, she) in the corner. 4. You can sit near (we, us).

5. Pat can see (them, they).

6. You can come with (us, we). :

V. Finish these sentences.

Example: I can see them, but ...

I can see them, but they can't see me. 1. She can see him, but ...

2. They can see us, but . . .

3. You can see me, but ... ' 4. He can see you, but . . .

5. I can see her, but ... 6. We can see them, but

VI. Complete these sentences.

Example: There are two books on the desk. One is new, the

other is old.

1. There are two rooms downstairs. One is ... , the other is ...

2. The Johnsons have two children. One is ... , the other is...

3. There are two girls in the coffee bar. One is ... , the other is ...

4. We can see two pencils on the table. One is ...,

the other is ...

5. Pat has two dresses. One is ... , the other is... 6. There are two armchairs near the table. One is ...,

the other is ...

VII. Write down three things you can see in the room and say where they are.

Example: a chair

UNIT 6

THE CABOTS AT WORK

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus Exercising

The Cabots at work Simple Present Tense

READING _{Mr Cabot is an architect and has an office in town. He usually starts work at 9 o'clock}

and stops at 5. He sometimes stays in his office until 5.30 because he has many business appointments. People want to build new houses and they come to consult Mr Cabot.

Mr Cabot's secretary is very, busy. She does all the office work. She also answers the telephone and often types business letters. She helps Mr Cabot in his work. She never goes home before 5.

In front of Mr Cabot's office, at a quarter to six

Bill: Hello, John. How are you?

John: Oh, I'm rather tired.

Bill: Why? Do you work very hard?

John: Yes, I think I do.

Bill: And how is Helen? Is she at home?

John: No, she is at school. Bill: When does she work?

John: She always works in the afternoon. She teaches foreign students. Bill: Yes, I know. Does she also teach children?

John: No, she doesn't. Her students are all adults.

Bill: Does she like her work?

John: Yes, very much. She often talks about it. WHAT TIME IS IT? (WHAT'S THE TIME?)

It's four o'clock. It's ten (minutes) past four. It's four ten.

A

UNIT 6

LANGUAGE FOCUS

It's a quarter past four. It's four fifteen.

It's half past four. It's four thirty.

It's twenty (minutes) to five. It's four forty.

It's a quarter to five. It's four forty-five. 60 minutes 30 minutes 15 minutes one hour half an hour a quarter of an hour

Simple Present Tense

Positive Sentences You We They answer build work the telephone. houses. here. He She Helen works types teaches in an office. adults. There is an — s or — es after he, she, it.

(He builds /z/, works /s/, teaches /iz/) Negative Sentences I You We They do not (don't) Helen He does not (doesn't) work here,

UNIT 6 EXERCISING Questions Do you I we they answer work the telephone? here? Does he she work type in an office? Short answers Positive Negative Yes, I you we they do.

Yes, he _she does.

No, I you we they don't.

No, he _she doesn't.

The Simple Present Tense tells you what people usually, often, never do.

Note: Observe the answers to these questions.

What does Mr Cabot do? What do you do?

He is an architect. I'm a doctor.

Position of always, often, usually, never (Adverbs of Indefinite Time)

He often stays in town until 10. We usually start work at 9.

She always works in the afternoon. He is never at home in the evening.

I. Answer using the Simple Present Tense and »too«.

Example: Mrs Cabot works hard. And Dr Johnson?

Dr Johnson works hard too.

1. I teach adults. And Mrs Cabot? 2. We start work at seven. And you?

3. The teacher has many books. And the students? 4. Dr Johnson likes sherry. And his wife?

5. They stop work at 3 o'clock. And you?

6. John often helps his wife in the kitchen. And you? 7. Many people talk about their work. And Helen? 8. I want to have a drink before dinner. And you?

9. Ivan often consults his teacher. And the other students? 10. Pat often stays at school until six. And your children? 11. I often type letters. And you?

12. John usually goes home at five. And the secretary?

Adverbs of indefinite time come in front of main verb,

UNIT 6

II. Make questions.

Example: the secretary I answer the telephone

Does the secretary answer the telephone?

1. you / work in an office ' 2. Mrs Cabot / teach foreign students

3. John and Bill / talk about their work 4. Helen / work in the afternoon 5. the secretary / type business letters 6. children / go to school

7. Henry / know many young people 8. you / do office work

9. people / consult Mr Cabot

10. you / have many business appointments 11. Mr Cabot / start work at nine

12. Mrs Cabot / stay at home in the afternoon 13. the students / ask many questions

14. you / like your work

III. Complete the sentences using a) I/we don't

b) he/she doesn't

Example: a) They work hard but ...

They work hard but I/we don't. b) They work hard but ...

They work hard but he/she doesn't.

1. They work in a big office but ... 2. They have dinner at home but ... 3. They start work at 8 but ... 4. They teach adults but ... 5. They come home at 2 but ...

6. They have many appointments but ... 7. They type business letters but ... 8. They go home after work but... 9. They work hard but ...

10. They answer business letters but ... 11. They come home after 8 but ... 12. They often have a drink but ... 13. They build houses but ...

14. They often talk about business but ...

IV. Answer the questions using “always”, “often” or “sometimes” in your answers.

Example: Do you start work at 7?

Yes, I always start work at 7.

1. Does the secretary type business letters? 2. Do you type business letters?

3. Does Mr Cabot work hard? 4. Do you work hard?

UNIT 6

HOME

5. Do you stay at home in the morning? 6. Does Mr Cabot answer the telephone? 7. Do you have dinner at home?

8. Do you talk about your friends? 9. Do you help your wife in the kitchen? 10. Does Mr Cabot stop work at 5? 11. Do you stay in your office until 5? 12. Does Mrs Cabot work in the afternoon? 13. Do you work in the afternoon?

14. Do you have a drink before dinner?

V. Questions

a) 1. What does Mr Cabot do? 2. Where does he work?

3. What time does he start work? 4. Why do people come to his office? 5. When does he stop work?

6. What does Mr Cabot's secretary do? 7. Does Mrs Cabot work in an office? 8. Who does she teach?

b) 1. Where do you work? 2. When do you start work?

3. Are you very busy in your office?

4. Do you stay in your office until 5 o'clock? 5. What do you do in your office?

6. What time do you stop work?

VI. Make questions to these answers.

Example: Mrs Johnson works at home. (Where) Where does

Mrs Johnson work?

1. Mr Cabot works in an office. (Where) 2. He usually starts work at 9. (When)

3. His secretary often types business letters. (What) 4. He sometimes goes home at 5.30. (What time) 5. Mr Cabot's wife teaches adults. (Who)

6. She always comes home about 6.45. (When)

VII. Write about Mr Cabot.

Mr Cabot / an architect // always / at 9 // very busy / many people / want / build houses // he / a secretary // she / business letters // often / until 5.30 //

VIII. Practice Text

Dr Johnson is a doctor. He works in a large hospital.

He works very hard. He starts work at 9 o'clock in the morning. He stops work at 5.

Ask questions about Dr Johnson using WHAT, WHERE, HOW, WHAT

UNIT 6

THE JOHNSONS AT HOME

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus Exercising

The Johnsons at home Present Continuous Tense

READING

The Johnsons live in London. They are all very busy during the week. Bill works at his hospital and Pat goes to school. On Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday, Thursday and Friday they leave at 8.30 a.m., but they stay at home on Saturdays and Sundays. Ann stays at home every morning and cleans the house. She opens the windows and makes the beds. After that she cooks dinner. Bill comes home at about 6. p.m. every day and then they have dinner together. After dinner Bill and Pat go into the kitchen and help Mrs Johnson wash the dishes. They are usually at home in the evening and watch TV in the living-room.

Tonight Pat and Mrs Johnson are very busy. They are sitting in the living-room. Pat is doing her homework and Mrs Johnson is writing a letter to Henry. Only Mr Johnson is not busy. He is sitting near the fire and watching an interesting programme on TV. The telephone is ringing.

Henry: Hallo, Mother. How are you?

Mrs Johnson: Hallo, Henry! I can't hear you very well.

How are you?

Henry: Fine, thank you. Can you hear me now?

Mrs Johnson: Yes, it's all right now. Henry: What are you all doing?

Mrs Johnson: Well, Pat is doing her homework and I'm just writing a letter to you.

Father is watching TV. You know he always does that in the evening.

Henry: Mother, I'm coming home for the weekend.

Mrs Johnson: I'm so glad. Do you want to speak to Father? He's just coming. See you

tomorrow then. Bye-bye.

Days of the Week: MONDAY, TUESDAY, WEDNESDAY, THURSDAY, FRIDAY,

SATURDAY, SUNDAY

A

B

UNIT 7

LANGUAGE

FOCUS

Present Continuous Tense

Positive Sentences I am writing a letter is watching TV Henry He Pat She now. are working hard

You We The boys They Negative Sentences am not I (‘m not) He She is hot (isn't) working sitting We You They are not (aren't) writing now. Questions Am I Is Henry he Pat she Are you we they working watching TV now? Short answers Positive Negative you are. he she is. I am. Yes, we you they are. you aren't. he she isn't. I 'm not. No, we you they aren't.

UNIT 7

EXERCISING

Present Continuous Tense = Present of “to be” + the “-ing form”

Observe how we make the »-ing forms«. watch -ing = watching

sit -ing = sitting write -ing = writing

The Present Continuous Tense tells us what people are doing just now.

Note: Observe the use of the Present Continuous Tense for the future.

Henry is coming home for the weekend. John isn't going to his office tomorrow.

I. Use the Present Continuous Tense.

Example: She is in the classroom now. (teach) She is teaching. 1. He is in his office now. (work)

2. They are in the living-room now. (watch TV) 3. We are in the classroom now. (do exercises) 4. Ann is in the kitchen now. (cook dinner) 5. You are in the room now. (sit)

6. I am at my desk now. (write)

7. Pat is in her room now. (do homework) 8. We are in the coffee bar now. (have coffee) 9. Helen is at home now. (clean the flat)

10. We are in the kitchen now. (wash the dishes) 11. The secretary is in the office now. (type letters) 12. I am near the window now. (open the window) 13. They are at school now. (read)

14. John is in Oxford Street now. (go home)

II. Make questions using »too« and give short answers.

Example: I'm going to school, (you)

Are you going to school, too? Yes, I am. I No, I'm not.

1. She is washing the dishes. (Pat) 2. Bill is watching TV. (the children) 3. I'm working, (you)

4. Mr Cabot is going to his office, (you) 5. She is sitting, (they)

6. Pat is doing homework. (Kate)

7. Pat is helping Mrs Johnson now. (Henry) 8. Ann is writing a letter, (her husband) 9. John's having a drink, (you)

10. The secretary is typing a letter. (Mr Cabot) 11. Henry is coming home, (his father)

12. The Johnsons are leaving, (their friends) 13. Ann is cleaning the house. (Helen)

UNIT 7

HOME

III. Ask questions in the Simple Present Tense using “often”.

Example: Ann's going to Paris.

Does she often go to Paris?

1. She is teaching foreign students. 2. Bill is washing the dishes now. 3. They are going to London.

4. She is just answering the telephone. 5. The children are watching TV. 6. Father is sitting in the armchair. 7. The telephone is ringing now. 8. Pat is helping her mother now. 9. Ann is cleaning the house now.

10. Henry is coming home for the weekend. 11. The students are speaking English now. 12. Mr Cabot is working hard.

13. Ann is making a big dinner.

14. The students are doing exercises now.

IV. Questions

a) 1. What does Mrs Johnson usually do in the morning?

2. Where does Mr Johnson work? 3. What do they often do in the evening? 4. What are Pat and Mrs Johnson doing now? 5. What is Mr Johnson watching on TV? 6. Who is coming home for the weekend? b) 1. What time do you usually have dinner?

2. Who washes the dishes at your house? 3. What do you usually do in the evening? 4. Do you often watch TV?

5. Are you watching TV now? 6. What are you doing now?

V. Write these sentences in the right tense (Simple Present or Present Continuous).

1. Pat always (do homework) in the afternoon. 2. She (speak) on the telephone now.

3. The Cabots just (come) home.

4. Bill usually (watch) TV in the evening. 5. The secretary (type) a business letter 6. People often (consult) Mr Cabot

UNIT 7

VI. Make sentences telling us what these people usually do and what they are doing now.

Example: John /always / the office / 9 o'clock / 9 o'clock now / ...

John always comes to the office at 9 o'clock. It's 9 o'clock now. He is coming to the office.

1. Pat / usually / school / 8.30 // 8.30 now / ...

2. My husband / often / TV / 7.30 p.m. // 7.30 p.m. now / ... 3. The Johnsons / usually / dinner / 6 o'clock // 6 o'clock now / ...

4. The secretary / always / business letters / in the morning // 11 o'clock a.m. now / ... ...

5. We / often / a drink / 5 p.m. // 5 p.m. now / ... 6. My father / usually / home / 6 o'clock / 6 o'clock now / ...

VII. Read this and answer the questions.

Mr Johnson is a doctor. He works in a big hospital. Many people come to consult him. Just now he is in front of the TV. There is a glass of sherry in his hand.

1. What does Mr Johnson do? 2. Where does he work? 3. Is he working now? 4. What is he doing now?

UNIT 8

SUNDAY AT THE JOHNSONS’

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus Exercising

Sunday at the Johnsons’

Questions with Question Words Prepositions

READING

LANGUAGE FOCUS

On Sundays the Johnsons usually sleep late. They don't get up before 9. They wash or take a shower in the bathroom. Then they have breakfast together. They usually eat bread and butter, or toast, fried eggs and bacon, and drink tea or coffee. Pat sometimes has a piece of cake, too. Henry often comes home from Oxford and spends the weekend with his family. After breakfast Henry washes their car. Mr Johnson and Pat go for a walk while Mrs

Johnson stays at home and cooks dinner. She always makes a big cake on Sundays. About 1 p.m. they are all hungry and thirsty and have dinner.

Today is Sunday. It is 9.30 in the morning. Mr Johnson is already up and is dressing but Henry is still in bed. Mrs Johnson is making tea in the kitchen while Pat is brushing her teeth in the bathroom. It is 8.30 in the evening. Henry is putting on his grey suit, a white shirt and his new shoes. He is going out. Pat is too young to go out. She is going to bed. Her parents are in, too. Mr Johnson is smoking a cigarette and listening to the news on the radio. His wife is reading a newspaper.

Questions with Question Words

What, who, whose, which, where, when, what time, why, how are question

words.

Mr Cabot's secretary writes many letters at the office every morning.

does Mr Cabot's secretary What

What Where When

How many letters

do write write write write every morning? every morning? letters? letters?

at the office every morning?

Who

Whose secretary writes many letters every _morning?

A

B

UNIT 8

EXERCISING

When a question word is the subject of the question there is no question form of the verb.

Prepositions

In, on, at, under, in front of, behind, between, near, before, after, until are prepositions.

Observe the questions with prepositions at the end: Ivan's clock is under the bed.

The boys are behind the girls. He is sitting near the fire. He is listening to the news. Milan is from Prijedor.

What is Ivan's clock under? Who are the boys behind? What's he sitting near? What is he listening to? Where is he from?

I. Answer using the Present Continuous Tense.

Example: Do you often work hard?

No, I don't, but I'm working hard now.

1. Do the Cabots often have guests?

2. Does Henry come home every weekend? 3. Do you often answer questions?

4. Does Pat always help her mother?

5. Do the children clean their shoes every day? 6. Do you often talk to your teacher?

7. Do the students always work hard? 8. Does Henry go out every night? 9. Do Bill and John often have a drink? 10. Do we sit in the classroom all the time? 11. Does Henry wash the car every Sunday? 12. Do you speak English every day?

13. Does Mrs Cabot teach every afternoon? 14. Do the Johnsons stay at home every evening?

II. Ask questions with the preposition at the end.

Example: He isn't looking at the blackboard.

What is he looking at?

1. He isn't talking about his work. 2. The book isn't on the table. 3. He isn't looking at Margaret. 4. She isn't sitting near me. 5. He doesn't come from London. 6. He isn't putting on his suit.

7. He never goes out with his family. 8. They aren't listening to the news. 9. His bed isn't near the window. 10. She isn't talking to her son. 11. He isn't thinking about his work. 12. He isn't coming with his wife.

13. They aren't from Bosnia and Herzegovina. 14. She isn't listening to Unit 8.

UNIT 8

HOME

III. Group work

a) Ask your friend four questions about what he/she usually does on Sundays, using WHEN, WHERE, WHO, WHAT, WHY, HOW LONG, and

b) tell the class about it. IV. Pair Work

Ask your friend six questions to fill in this form. Use the question words WHAT, WHERE, HOW OLD.

1. First name(s) ... 2. Family name ... 3. Nationality ... 4. Address... 5. Occupation ... 6. Age ... V. Questions

a) 1. When do the Johnsons get up on Sundays? 2. What do they usually have for breakfast? 3. Who often comes home for the weekend?

4. Where do Mr Johnson and Pat go after breakfast? 5. Where is Henry going this Sunday evening?

6. Why isn't Pat going out?

b) 1. What time do you get up on Sundays?

2. What do you usually do after breakfast? ; 3. Who usually cooks for you? ' 4. Do you sometimes watch TV on Sunday evening? 5. Where are you going after your English class today? 6. What do you usually do after your English class?

VI. Make questions with the question words in brackets and pre positions.

Example: I often write to my friend. (Who)

Who do you often write to?

1. I want to speak to Mr Cabot. (Who)

2. I am just putting on my shoes. (What) ' 3. I always listen to 7 o'clock news. (What) 4. I'm from Bosnia and Herzegovina. (Where) 5. I want to talk to Mr Ilic. (Who)

6. My book is under the desk. (What) 7. The matches are in the box. (What)

UNIT 8

VII. What? Where?

Who? When?

A friend is talking to you on the telephone but you can't hear him/her well. Example: Henry is coming home on Sunday...?

Who is coming home on Sunday?

1. Mary is leaving...?

2. She is going to Paris ...? 3. She is leaving on Sunday... : ... ?

4. She sometimes goes there for the weekend ... ? 5. Jane often goes with her ... ?

6. I am going with her to Paris, too... ?

VIII. Complete these sentences using “too” before the adjective.

Example: I can't put on these shoes because ... (old)

I can't put on these shoes because they are too old.

1. Pat doesn't go out in the evening because . . . (young) 2. This room isn't comfortable because ... (small) 3. We can't do this exercise now because ... (late) 4. She can't clean all the house because . . . (big) 5. I can't do it just now because .... (tired) 6. His father doesn't work because ... (old)

IX. Use the right preposition.

Dear John,

I can't write ... you very often because I am very busy here ... London. I get up ... 7.30 ... the morning. Then I go ...my English classes. I have got a nice room. It is ... 10, Oxford Street, ... my school. I often listen the news before I go ... bed. ... Sundays I usually go out ... Ivan and his ... English friends.

UNIT 9

GOING TO HYDE PARK

OVERVIEW Reading

Language focus Exercising

Going to Hyde Park Must – Needn’t – Mustn’t Imperative

READING

LANGUAGE FOCUS

London is a big city. There are many large and beautiful parks in it. Hyde Park is one of them. Many people go there on Saturdays and Sundays and spend the whole afternoon in »the park. They walk there, play games or just sit on the grass.

It's a beautiful Sunday morning. Pat wants to go to Hyde Park with her mother. Mrs Johnson can't go for a walk with Pat because she must cook Sunday dinner. Pat's brother Henry needn't wash the car this weekend but he doesn't want to go out with his sister because he must look after her all the time. Pat is a little girl, she mustn't run about too much, she mustn't sit on the grass too long ... Besides, Henry wants to go out with Margaret today.

Mr Johnson is coming into the kitchen.

Pat: It's a beautiful day today. Let's go to Hyde Park, Father.

Mr Johnson: Why not? It's a very good idea, Pat. Is Henry coming, too?

Pat: No, he is not. He doesn't want to go for a walk with me. He's meeting

Margaret.

Henry: Now, don't be silly, Pat.

Pat: It's true. Must he go out with her every Sunday?

Mrs Johnson: Stop talking, Pat, and get ready. Put on your coat and your black shoes. And don't sit on the grass too long.

Pat: Oh, mother, stop it, please. I'm not a baby.

Mr Johnson: All right, all right. Are you ready, Pat? I'm waiting for you. Come on.

Mrs Johnson: Bye-bye. Bill, don't forget to shut the door. And don't lose the key.

Must — Needn't — Mustn't

Positive Sentences I, you

Pat, we They

must go now.

Questions Short answers Must I, you Pat, we they go now? Yes, I, you she, we they must. Can I, you Henry, we they

smoke here? No,

I, you she, we they needn’t. No, I, you he, we they mustn’t.

A

B

C

UNIT 9

EXERCISING

Imperative

Positive Form Negative form Look after Pat, Henry. Open the door, please.

Don’t sit on my grass. go home, Pat. Let me Pat her him us them

come in. Don’t let me Pat John him us them sit down.

Note 1: Observe the use of the Imperative and Must.

Shut the door.

Get ready now. You must

shut the door. get ready now. Don't lose the key.

Don't be late. You mustn’t

lose the key. be late.

Note 2: Observe the use of »-let's« for suggestions.

Let's go for a walk. Let's have a drink.

I. Answer this. Use “must” or “needn't”.

Example: Must you go to your office now? Yes, I must.

No, I needn't.

1. Must you see the doctor today?

2. Must the students do their homework now? 3. Must Henry go to Oxford tonight?

4. Must she wash the dishes now? 5. Must I type that letter now? 6. Must Pat help her mother now? 7. Must we go to school today? 8. Must you meet the Cabots now? 9. Must Mrs Johnson make a cake now? 10. Must we write a dictation now?

11. Must you go to Karlovac today? 12. Must Ivan do this exercise now?

13. Must Henry wash the car this weekend? 14. Must she open that bottle now?

II. Ask and answer. Use “can” in questions and “mustn't” in answers,

Example: we I smoke here

Can we smoke here? No, you mustn't.

1. Pat / sit on the grass too long 2. I / smoke in the lab

UNIT 9

3. Ivan / be late to school

4. small children / go to bed very late 5. Pat / run about too much

6. you / sleep at work

7. the secretary / leave at 11 8. little babies / drink sherry

9. children / play with matches 10. Bill / leave the door open 11. Mary / come to work at 10.30 12. Pat / watch TV late at night 13. Henry / smoke too much 14. children / play with fire

III. Make sentences using the imperatives.

Example: your books

Open your books.

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. the door your homework the window to the park home a drink for a walk 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. the dishes

a letter to your friend down on this chair the telephone, please these letters

the car

your notebooks

IV. Tell these people what to do and what not to do.

Example: Pat must put on her shoes.

Put on your shoes, Pat. Pat mustn't sit on the grass. Don't sit on the grass, Pat.

1. Bill must shut the door.

2. Pat mustn't run about too much.

3. You mustn't be late to school tomorrow. 4. Henry must look after Pat.

5. John mustn't smoke too much. 6. Pat must stop talking.

7. Bill mustn't lose the key. 8. You must go to school now. 9. Helen mustn't work too much.

10. Milan mustn't do his homework now. 11. Ann must get ready now.

12. Henry mustn't leave the door open. 13. Pat must eat her dinner.

UNIT 9

V. Suggest what to do using “let's”.

Example: There is a good programme on TV.

Let's watch it.

1. We are hungry. 2. We are thirsty. 3. It's very late.

4. It's a beautiful day today. 5. The door is open.

6. We are tired.

T. This is a very good book.

8. They are waiting for us. 9. The window is open.

10. The glasses are not very clean. 11. The cake is on the table.

12. This is a nice park.

13. The cigarettes are on the table. 14. The tea is ready.

VI. Questions

a) 1. Where is Hyde Park?

2. What do many people do there? 3. Who is going to Hyde Park today? 4. Why can't Mrs Johnson go out?

5. Must Henry wash the car this weekend? 6. What mustn't Pat do in the park? b) 1. Must you work this Saturday?

2. What do you usually do on Saturday afternoons? 3. Where do you like to go for a walk?

4. Are there many parks in this town? 5. Which park do you sometimes go to? 6. Why do people go to the park?

VII. Change these sentences using the imperative.

Example: He wants to go home.

Let him go home.

1. I want to watch television. 2. They want to consult Mr Cabot. 3. We want to go for a walk.

4. The secretary wants to type that letter. 5. He wants to have a drink.

6. She wants to come and see us.

UNIT 10

IN THE STREET

READING

Ivan is on his way to the Johnsons. A policeman is standing on the corner and Ivan asks him the way to Victoria Street.

Ivan: Excuse me, please. Can you tell me the way to Victoria Street? I can't find it on this map.

Policeman: Well, walk down this road and turn left at the second corner.

Then walk to the river and ...

Ivan: The river?

Policeman: Yes. When you come to it, there is a bridge. You must cross it. Ivan: Is it very far?

Policeman: It is rather far. Perhaps you should take a bus. There is a bus stop just round the corner. You have to take a 93.

Ivan: Sorry, which bus do I have to take?

Policeman: A ninety-three.

Ivan: Thank you very much. On the bus

Ivan: Is this the right bus to Victoria Street?

Bus conductor: Yes.

Ivan: How much is the fare? Bus conductor: 50 p.

Ivan: (taking the money out of his pocket): Here you

are. Where should I get off?

Bus conductor: At the third stop after this one. Ivan: Many thanks.

In the street

Ivan: Excuse me, is this Victoria Street?

Passer-by: No, but it isn't very far from here. Turn left at the traffic lights and then go straight on. You can't miss it.

Ivan: Should I cross here?

Passer-by: No, you needn't. Just walk down this street.

Ivan: Fine. My friends are expecting me at 6.30 and I shouldn't be late.

A

B

UNIT 10

LANGUAGE

FOCUS

Ordinal Numbers

1st the first 16th the sixteenth 2nd the second 17th the seventeenth 3rd the third 18th the eighteenth 4th the fourth 19th the nineteenth 5th the fifth 20th the twentieth 6th the sixth 21st the twenty-first 7th the seventh 22nd the twenty-second 8th the eighth 30th the thirtieth

9th the ninth 40th the fortieth 10th the tenth 50th the fiftieth 11th the eleventh 60th the sixtieth 12th the twelfth 70th the seventieth 13th the thirteenth 80th the eightieth 14th the fourteenth 90th the ninetieth 15th the fifteenth 100th the hundredth

1000th the thousandth

Have to, Should

Positive Sentences Negative sentences

You have to do your homework. You don't have to do your homework. You should do your homework. You needn't do your homework.

You shouldn't sit on the grass.

Defective Verbs

Must and Should

Positive Sentences Questions I, you Pat, we They must should go now. Must Should I, you Henry, we, they go now. Negative Sentences I, you He, Pat They, we need not (needn’t) go now. I, you Pat, he We, they shouldn’t mustn’t be late.

Note 1: Can, must, should, needn't are defective verbs.

Use the infinitive without »to« after these verbs.

Note 2: Observe the question form and the negative form of »have to«. Do you have to work on Sundays?

I don't have to work on Sundays.

One — Ones

Singular: I want a small house and my wife wants a big one.

UNIT 10

EXERCISING I. Say what you or other people should do.

Example: Pat I her homework

Pat should do her homework.

1. Mrs Johnson / the dishes 2. the secretary / those letters 3. you / this exercise

4. Helen / her doctor 5. Ivan / the bridge 6. Pat / a big breakfast 7. Mr Johnson / his hospital 8. Henry / his sister

9. you / the newspaper

10. the children / their shoes 11. Pat / her coat

12. we /the news

13. Ann / Sunday dinner 14. Ivan / a bus

II. Say what you or other people shouldn't do.

Example: The students often smoke in the classroom.

They shouldn't smoke in the classroom.

1. Pat sometimes goes to bed late.

2. Two small children are crossing that busy road. 3. I smoke too many cigarettes.

4. Pat is playing with matches.

5. The teacher gives the students too much homework to do. 6. You are often late for your English class.

7. Mr Cabot works too much.

8. Jane sometimes stays in bed until eleven. 9. The children are sitting on the grass. 10. Henry wants to go out every night.

11. I sometimes drink too much coffee in the evening. 12. You eat too much bread.

13. Those students are sleeping in the lab. 14. She is talking all the time.

III. Make questions using »have to«.

Example: Clean your shoes.

Do I have to clean them?

1. Let's go home. 2. Put on your coat.

3. Let Pat wash the dishes.

4. Cross the road at the traffic lights. 5. Let the students ask questions. 6. Let the secretary type that letter.

UNIT 10

7. Give me your homework. 8. Let's go to the park. 9. Let Pat eat that cake. 10. Watch that programme. 11. Let them do that exercise. 12. Answer the telephone. 13. Let's go for a walk.

14. Wash those small glasses.

IV. Say what you or other people have or don't have to do.

Example: Pat I do her homework every day.

Pat has to do her homework every day. you I work 10 hours a day

1 don't have to work 10 hours a day.

1. Helen / work in the afternoon 2. you / get up at six every day 3. small children / go to bed at eight 4. I / work on Saturdays

5. he / wash his car every day 6. parents / look after their children 7. I / stay here until 11 p.m.

8. Pat / go to school every day

9. you / wash your hands before dinner 10. housewives / go to work in the morning 11. Henry / help his mother in the kitchen 12. students / speak English at school 13. you / consult your doctor every week 14. people / eat every day

V. Questions

a) 1. Where is Ivan going?

2. Who can tell him the way to Victoria Street? 3. Which bus should he take?

4. How much is the fare to Victoria Street? 5. Where must he get off?

6. Can he get to Victoria Street in 20 minutes? b) 1. Which is the second day of the week?

2. Which is the fifth day of the week? 3. Which is the seventh day of the week? 4. Whkh is the first day of the week? 5. Which is the fourth day of the week? 6. How many days are there in a week?

VI. Answer these questions.

Example: Do you have to go to school every day? No, I don't but I

UNIT 10

1. Do you have to work hard every day?

2. Does Bill have to go to his hospital every day? 3. Do the students have to do exercises every day?

4. Does the secretary have to work until six every day? 5. Do you have to do homework every day?

6. Does Henry have to look after Pat every day?

VII. Tell me what I should do.

Example: This is a very interesting book.

You should read it.

1. It's seven o'clock already. 2. I'm very tired.

3. We have guests tonight. 4. I'm very thirsty.

5. The telephone is ringing. 6. Dinner is ready.

VIII. Change these sentences using »have to«.

Example: You should work hard.

You have to work hard.

1. He must get ready now.

2. Henry should write to his mother. 3. They must do homework every day. 4. You should take a bus.

5. Henry should look after Pat. 6. We must go home now.

IX. Put in “must”, “needn't”, “mustn't”, “should”, “can”, “can't”.

(Ivan is going to the Johnsons)

Ivan ... get ready now. He ... be late. He ... walk all the way, because it's too far. He ... take a bus. He ... get off at the third stop. He ... walk from there because it's very near. He ... take another bus.

X. Complete these sentences using »one« or »ones«.

Example: Pat has a new dress and two old ...

Pat has a new dress and two old ones.

1. There are three houses there, a big ... and two small ... 2. Should I get off at the next stop? No, get off at the second ... 3. I can see a yellow dress and five white ...

4. They have got 3 rooms, a large ... and two small... 5. Which shoes do you want? Give me those black ... 6. Which is your classroom? The third ... on the left.