This edition of the Quezon City Socio-Ecological Profile (variously called “Socio-Economic Profile”, “Socio-Economic and Physical Pro-file”, or simply “Ecological Profile”) is a milestone in a number of important ways. For one, the year 2010 is a national population cen-sus year and for once, it is possible to make a direct correlation between the number of inhabitants and the actual conditions of their social, economic and physical environment at the time they were counted. This reality has tremendous significance for planning and policy making. For another, the year 2010 is an election year and it marks the change over from one administration to another at all levels of political jurisdiction except at the barangay level. In a very real sense, the data compiled in this Profile represent to a significant degree the accomplishments of the out-going administration or the effects and outcomes of those accomplishments. The in-coming administration, in turn, may use the same data to craft programs that will have the effect of building and improving on the record of its predecessor. This will ensure both continuity and progress.
Indeed, this document was prepared on the initiative of the Belmonte administration during the last year of its third consecutive term. The obvious objective of such an undertaking is to document the legacy of the nine-year stewardship of the Belmonte administration on one hand, and to provide a baseline information for the succeeding administration, on the other. This Profile has therefore served as the main data base for the crafting of the Comprehensive Development Plan which is another major bequest of the Belmonte admin-istration to its successor. The in-coming Bautista adminadmin-istration thereby enjoys a headstart in that instead of beginning its term with planning it can proceed right off with implementing the plan. That an out-going administration will take the trouble of handing over to its successor a set of well organized data base and a well crafted development plan is a phenomenon rarely seen anywhere. Other local governments may take their cue from this trail-blazing act of the Quezon City government.
While the Profile was prepared principally for use in planning and policy making by responsible officials and staff of the city govern-ment, it can likewise be used by other readers for their own purposes. The compilation of data contains minimal analysis and interpre-tation to allow different users to apply their own analytical frameworks to extract the desired interpreinterpre-tations and conclusions from the same data sets. High school and undergraduate college students will find the Profile a rich resource for school reports and term papers. To graduate students the Profile can be an aide to identifying areas for in-depth investigations towards the production of theses and dissertations.
The Socio-Ecological Profile is by far the most comprehensive collection of information about practically every aspect of Quezon City. As such it should be open to a wide range of readership. Even casual visitors who happened to pick up a copy may find a wealth of detail between covers interesting enough to make them want to take a second look. Movers and migrants who, by chance or by choice, have taken up residence in the city may find in the Profile enough advantages of staying in Quezon City to make them decide to become permanent residents. Old-time residents may yet find new and unique features of their city and rekindle their sense of loyalty and pride of place.
The production of this document owes in large part to the painstaking efforts of the different sectoral committees anchored by the respective technical staffs of the City Planning and Development Office. That this latter office had to play a key role owes to the current practice among local governments to prepare or update their Profile in conjunction with the larger project of preparing their mandated plans. This explains why the Profile contents are organized under the five development sectors. However, this need not be so for long if the Profile is envisioned to reach a wide range of readership. While the traditional sectors are mandated to maintain and update their respective data holdings as basic inputs in comprehensive development planning other topical headings are expected to be added in future editions of the Profile. This opens the door for other elements of the city’s constituencies to contribute to its contents, take part in its production and maintenance and, utilize the data sets for a variety of purposes. In terms of form and style, too, a book of facts such as the Profile need not be one of hard and dry reading. This 2010 edition of the Socio-Ecological Profile of Quezon City, finally, aspires to set a benchmark of good practice among local governments in the Philippines.
PREFACE Chapter 1 1.1 The Envisioned City of Quezon
1.2 The Creation of Quezon City 1.3 Quezon City as the Capital City 1.4 Changing Fortunes of Quezon City 1.5 Capitalizing on the “Quezon City” Vision Chapter 2 2.1 Geography 2.2.1 Slope 2.2.2 Soil 2.2.3 Drainage 2.2.4 Groundwater Levels 2.3 Climate 2.4 Fault System 2.5 Land Use Patterns
2.5.1 Residential Development 2.5.2 Commercial Development
2.5.3 Industrial Development 2.5.4 Institutional Development 2.5.5 Parks and Open Spaces
2.6 Service Utilities
2.6.1 Water Supply 2.6.2 Power Supply 2.6.3 Communication
2.7 Transportation and Communication
2.7.1 Road Network 2.7.2 Traffic Volume 2.7.3 Traffic Prone Areas 2.7.4 Mode of Transport
Chapter 3 3.1 Demography
3.1.1 Population Size and Growth Rate 3.1.2 Population size and Growth Rate by District 3.1.3 Barangay Population and Growth Rate 3.1.4 Population Density 3.1.5 Natural Increase in Population
3.1.6 Age and Sex Composition 41 3.1.7 Population Distribution by Marital Status,
Religion, Language Spoken, and Ethnicity
3.2 Status of Well-Being
3.2.1 Health Status 3.2.2 Health Facilities/Services
3.3 Education
3.3.1 Literacy and Highest Grade Completed 3.3.2 Enrollment Performance Indicators 3.3.3 Academic Performance Indicator
3.3.4 Classroom-Student Ratio 3.3.5 Teacher-Student Ratio 3.3.6 Textbook-Student Ratio
3.3.7 Educational Programs 3.3.8 Educational Facilities
3.4. Social Welfare Services
3.4.1 Early Childhood Development (ECD) Services 3.4.2 Children In Need of Special Protection (CNSP)
3.4.3 Youth Welfare Services 69 3.4.4 Women in Especially Difficult
Circumstances (WEDC) 3.4.5 Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) 3.4.6 Older Persons (OPs) 3.4.7 Families 3.4.8 Other Welfare Institutions/Organizations
3.5 Housing
3.5.1 Households & Occupied Dwelling Units 3.5.2 Shelter Needs 3.5.3 Housing Affordability 3.5.4 Minimum Design Standards for Residential Subdivision and Condominium Projects 3.5.5 Housing Sites 3.5.6 Local Shelter Program 3.5.7 Local Shelter Organization
3.6. Sports and Recreation
3.6.1 Sports Facilities 3.6.2 Recreation Facilities 3.7. Protective Services
3.7.1 Police Services
3.7.2 Crime Incidence 3.7.3 Fire Protection and Prevention 3.7.4 Fire Incidence 3.7.5 Administration of Justice 3.7.7 Reformatory Institutions 3.3. Culture
Chapter 4 4.1 Livelihood and Employment 4.2 Family and income expenditure
4.2.1 Food Security
4.3 Industry & Service
4.3.1 Services 4.3.2 Industry
4.4 TOURISM Chapter 5 5.1 Solid Waste
5.1.1 Domestic Solid Waste 5.1.2 Hazardous, Toxic and Healthcare Waste
5.2 Ambient Air 5.3 Water Quality
5.3.1 Groundwater Resource 5.3.2 Natural Waterways
5.4 Parks and Open Spaces
5.4.1 Major and Special Parks 5.4.2 Community and Neighborhood Parks
5.5 Biodiversity
5.5.1 La Mesa Watershed 5.5.2 Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wildlife 5.5.3 UP Diliman Campus 5.5.4 Ateneo de Manila Campus
Chapter 6 6.1 Local Government Organization
6.1.1 Evolution of the Quezon City Government 6.1.2 Existing Organizational Structure of
Quezon City Government 6.1.3 QC Government Manpower Complement
6.1.4 Physical Plant and Facilities 6.1.5 Management System & Operations
6.1.6 The Barangay 6.1.7 National Government Agencies 6.2 Government and Income Expenditure
6.2.1 Government Income
6.2.2 Government Expenditure
6.3 Local Legislation
6.4 People’s Participation 6.4.1 Local Special Bodies
Quezon City Development Council
1 4 5 6 9 10 14 15 16 17 18 18 20 21 22 23 24 25 25 27 27 28 29 30 30 32 33 34 37 37 38 38 39 40 41 42 44 44 53 56 56 58 60 62 63 64 64 67 66 67 68 69 70 71 72 73 73 74 74 75 77 80 80 81 82 83 83 83 84 84 84 86 86 87 88 89 94 100 105 107 109 109 111 122 122 127 129 131 131 132 135 135 136 138 138 139 139 139 147 147 149 151 152 154 156 159 161 161 164 166 168 168 171
Quezon City was conceived in a vision of a man incomparable - the late Presi-dent Manuel Luis Quezon – who dreamt of a central place that will house the country’s highest governing body and will provide low-cost and decent housing for the less privileged sector of the society. He envisioned the growth and devel-opment of a city where the common man can live with dignity.
“I dream of a capital city that, politically shall be the seat of the national gov-ernment; aesthetically the showplace of the nation--- a place that thousands of people will come and visit as the epitome of culture and spirit of the country; socially a dignified concentration of human life, aspirations and endeavors and achievements; and economically as a productive, self contained community.”
President Manuel L. Quezon
This vision of President Quezon began to take shape in October 1938 when the People’s Homesite Corporation, a subsidiary of the National Development Cor-poration, especially created on his order to procure and develop a large tract of land to be developed into a low-cost housing site, acquired some 15,723,191 sq.m. from the vast Diliman estate of the Tuazon family at an equivalent price of P0.05 per square meter.
Equally inspired by this noble quest for a new metropolis, the National Assembly moved for the creation of this new city. The first bill was filed by Assemblyman Ramon P. Mitra with the new city proposed to be named as “Balintawak City”. The proposed name was later amended on the motion of Assemblymen Narciso Ramos and Eugenio Perez, both of Pangasinan to “Quezon City”.
On September 28, 1939 the National Assembly approved Bill No. 1206 as Com-monwealth Act No. 502, otherwise known as the Charter of Quezon City. Signed by President Quezon on October 12, 1939, the law defined the boundaries of the city and gave it an area of 7,000 hectares carved out of the towns of Ca-loocan, San Juan, Marikina, Pasig, and Mandaluyong, all in Rizal Province. The law likewise specified the manner in which the city was to be governed. All the city officials were to be appointed by the President with President Quezon himself being the first acting Mayor. He served from October 12 to November 4, 1939, after which Tomas Morato, then Mayor of Calauag, Tayabas, was ap-pointed as his successor.
The original physical plan of the City, which was prepared in 1940 by Harry T. Frost, architectural adviser of the Commonwealth, reflect a big quadrangle in the heart of the City from which four (4) avenues radiate toward the outskirts with rotundas placed on the four (4) corners, the largest being the 26–hectare elliptical center, now known as the Quezon Memorial Circle.
Progress in Quezon City continued until the outbreak of World War II on De-cember 8, 1941. Just before the Japanese occupied the city, President Quezon issued Executive Order No. 400, dated January 1, 1942, incorporating Quezon City with Greater Manila for synchronized and coordinated activity in such time of emergency. Under the order, the Mayors of Quezon City, San Juan, Man-daluyong, Parañaque, Caloocan and Makati became the assistants to the Mayor of Greater Manila, who at that time was Jorge Vargas. However, when Mayor Morato was arrested by the Japanese in mid-1942, Dr. Florencio Cruz then City Health Officer was installed as Chief of the City (being a district of Greater Ma-nila) until liberation.
As soon as the war was over, in April 1945, the Secretary of Interior Tomas Con-fesor designated Oscar Castelo, who was then an Assistant Fiscal of Manila, as Acting Mayor of Quezon City, and therefore, Assistant to the Mayor of Manila Juan Nolasco. The house of President Quezon on Gilmore Avenue was used by Castelo as temporary office of the city government.
Capt. Sabino de Leon, former Quezon City Police Chief, was designated as Acting Assistant Mayor of Quezon City on October 1, 1945 while Castelo returned to his job as Assistant City Fiscal of Manila. Capt. De Leon moved the city government offices to a market site along South 9th Street near Sampaloc Avenue (now the site of Roces High School). Quezon City regained its separate political existence from Greater Manila on January 2, 1947 by virtue of Republic Act No. 45. Pon-ciano A. Bernardo was appointed City Mayor.
Upon assumption of office of President Manuel A. Roxas as the first president of the second Philippine Republic in 1946, he announced his intention to restore Quezon City as a regular chartered city. Various sectors declared their protests by citing the city’s economic and financial bankruptcy, dismal health and sani-tary conditions, and high rate of criminality during the post-war period.
On July 25, 1946, President Roxas, created a committee that would study the selection of the official capital of the Philippines. By virtue of Administrative Or-der No. 5, the Selection Committee was given the task of “selection of the most suitable site on which to build the capital city of the Philippines and the capitol building/s”. Then Senator Melecio Arranz, who was appointed committee head, declare d that Manila, although inevitably a key point in the selection of the capital city site, has “become undesirable as a national capital” due to post-war damages, congestion of commercial activities, and government and military re-quirements, among others. On the other hand, the city of Quezon had worked on the reparation of post-war vestiges.
The selection process underwent series of extensive studies, researches, discus-sions, and public hearings which primarily focused on the following consider-ations: “general sanitation, public works development, strategic considerations, scenic beauty, and administrative coordination.” Out of the sixteen (16) nomi-nated sites, three sites emerged as the top choices: Ipo-Novaliches area; Baguio; and, Quezon City-Novaliches. The contiguous areas of Ipo-Quezon City-Novali-ches proved to be the ideal choice for the nation’s capital and still garnered the highest composite average rating over the second placer Baguio. Thus, the Ar-ranz Selection Committee concluded: “…the area now covered by Quezon City extending northward along Marikina River to the upper limits of Novaliches res-ervoir watershed, [and] West to the boundary line…comprising an approximate total area of 16,200 hectares…one-fourth of which is owned by the Govern-ment, is the best…[site] to be made as the Capital City of the Republic.”
of the City as the choice nation’s capital:
“[The City’s] proximity to Manila, the best port of entry from foreign coun-tries and the commercial and financial center of the country…;
Its accessibility from all the important inhabited areas in the Philippines either by land, air, sea;
Its already available conveniences from the standpoint of a municipal en-tity…[-as an organized and partially developed chartered city];
Its public works facilities with regard to the provision of water supply, easy drainage, availability of power and proximity to commercial, industrial, and manufacturing establishments engaged in the sale, production, and distri-bution of construction materials and equipment;
Its geological qualities, which provide a satisfactory foundation for buildings and other structures, at the same time allowing the construction of under-ground structures;
Its larger area of government-owned land right in its central zone which will permit a substantial economy inn the development of public improve-ments as well as more freedom and liberal assignimprove-ments for streets, parks, and playground areas;
.Its healthfulness due to its elevation (it averages about 250feet above sea level) together with the availability of an abundant and wholesome water supply and excellent drainage which are the most important requirements for the development of modern cities; and,
Its historical background; consideration of public expenditures already made; administrative commitments and evident public support.”
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
However, before the selection was made, President Roxas died of heart attack in Clark Field, Pampanga. It was President Elpidio R. Quirino, his successor, who signed Republic Act No. 333 on July 17, 1948, which made Quezon City the capital of the Philippines. The Act created the Capital City Planning Commission to prepare the general development plan and supervise the improvements to be done in the Capital City. Archt. Juan Arellano headed the architectural division of the Commission while Mayor Bernardo handled public relations. After almost one year, on April 8, 1949, the Master Plan was signed by President Quirino. It further stipulated “the appropriation of funds for the acqui-sition of private estates within the boundary limits of the city, and authorized the issuance of bonds… for the construction of streets, bridges, waterworks, sewer-age…” and other city improvements.
In July 1947, the City Hall building was constructed along Highway 54 (now Epifanio delos Santos Avenue or EDSA) on what used to be the site of the pre-war public market. It was occupied in February 1948, hous-ing all the city government’s offices and departments with the exception of the police department.
Quezon City was formally inaugurated as the national capital of the Philippines on October 12, 1949. Presi-dent Quirino laid the cornerstone of the proposed Cap-itol Building at Constitution Hills. The Welcome Arch (now Mabuhay Rotunda) at the boundary of Manila and Quezon City was built; the construction of Roxas Homesite by the Philippine Homesite and Housing
Cor-poration, consisting of 1,104 housing units on an area of 40 hectares, started.
The City’s territorial boundaries were revised four times since its creation on October 12, 1939. Origi-nally, Quezon City had only about 7,000 hectares ex-tending from La Loma to Marikina River and from Pa-song Tamo River down to (and including) Wack Wack Golf Club in Mandaluyong. It was first amended in 1941 by Commonwealth Act 659 which returned the portions west of Marikina River to Marikina, a reduc-tion of about 500 hectares. After the war, Republic Act 333 dated July 17, 1948 which declared the City as the National Capital, incorporated the areas of Novaliches and Payatas thereby greatly increasing the territory by more than double: from 6,500 hectares to 15,660. A third revision which decreased the City’s area by about 300 hectares was made in 1950 by RA 537 when parts of the territory east of Marikina River were given back to Montalban and San Mateo, as well as Wack Wack and Camp Crame to Mandaluyong and San Juan, re-spectively. The final amendment was made on June 16, 1956 by virtue of RA 1575 which again reduced the City’s area by 260 hectares from 15,359 to 15,106 hect-ares, when areas west of Marikina River were again reverted to Montalban and San Mateo even as Camp Crame was reintegrated to the City. This is the present official territorial boundary of Quezon City. However, graphical plots made on this present boundary of the city gave an area of 16,112 hectares, about 1,000 hect-ares more than the officially declared land area.
Table H-1 Changes in Land Area of Quezon City
Commonwealth
Act 502 CommonwealthAct 659 RepublicAct 333 RepublicAct 537 RepublicAct 537
Date
Approved October 12, 1939
7,006 Has.* 6,497 Has.* 15,660 Has.* 15,359 Has.* 15,106 Has.* 16,112 Has.* June 21, 1941 June 17, 1948 June 16, 1950 June 16, 1956 Land Area
(* Figures obtained thru graphical computations only) (** Based on 1995 GIS graphical plot)
For twenty-seven (27) years, Quezon City held the dis-tinct status of being the nation’s capital. However, two Presidential Decrees issued by President Ferdinand E. Marcos would have substantially changed the political stature and landscape of the city.
Presidential Decree 824 authorized the creation of the Metropolitan Manila and Metropolitan Manila Com-mission which would exercise territorial and political jurisdiction over seventeen (17) municipalities and cit-ies, including Quezon City. The Decree was deemed necessary due to “rapid growth of population and… of social and economic requirements in the contigu-ous communities”. Too, the Decree served to address the imperative for integrated development, service de-livery, and management in terms of peace and order and eradication of social and economic ills which were considered then as among the reform measures under Martial Law.
It was around this period and under the leadership of appointed mayor Norberto S. Amoranto, that the city attained an impressive performance record in terms of financial standing, delivery of services, particularly that of medical and health services, establishment of buildings, and community beautification projects which were also supported by then First Lady Imelda R. Marcos.
On June 24, 1976, then President Marcos issued Presi-dential Decree (PD) 940, which effectively conferred back the role of the nation’s capital to the City of Ma-nila and mandated the area prescribed under PD 824 as Metropolitan Manila, now known as the National Capital Region (NCR), to be the permanent seat of na-tional government.
Three months prior to this declaration, Quezon City set another record by having the first lady chief executive
appointed to office after Mayor Amoranto resigned from his post. Mayor Adelina S. Rodriguez then led the city during the transition towards the period when it was no longer the nation’s capital. During her first year in office, Mayor Rodriguez formulated the now-famous City Development Program, which functioned as basis for integrating problem solution. She underscored the importance of the city’s mandate in terms of employ-ment generation and delivery of basic services despite limited resources. With the successful implementation of the city’s Seven-Point Management Program that would bring about “community awareness and con-sciousness of maintaining ecological balance”, the city also recorded significant improvements in terms of in-come generation and crime reduction.
A Letter of Instruction (LOI) No. 473 was issued by President Marcos and under which the Constitution Hills and Reclamation Areas, both situated in Quezon City, were designated as the site of the country’s par-liamentary building or the Batasang Bayan and other government offices, such as the Department of Educa-tion and Culture and the Civil Service Commission. Indeed, even as Quezon City was no longer the capital city, it proved to be a vast and teeming city which by then attained a steadily increasing income and occu-pied one-third of Metro Manila’s total land area. It has implemented its development plan and served as the government center with the national legislature and other important government offices located in its area. All of these are reminiscent of the same noble dream that brought forth the creation of the City.
The original vision of President Quezon for the City became the thread that weave and will continue to weave a very vibrant and rich past, present, and future for the city.
Important people, places, and events that shaped the course of history in the struggle for freedom and sov-ereignty including the “Cry of Pugad Lawin” led by the Great Plebeian and revolutionary hero Andres Bonifa-cio, the People Power Revolution in EDSA that toppled the regime of President Marcos and the installation of President Corazon Aquino under the restored democ-racy took place in areas that now comprise the city. Currently, Quezon City is the largest among the Metro-politan Manila’s cities in terms of population and land area. The “Quezon dream-vision” continues to guide efforts for the attainment of a progressive and peace-ful, clean and orderly place conducive and hospitable to living, employment, and business, “A Quality Com-munity that is Quezon City”.
Effective fiscal management, aggressive tax manage-ment strategies, increasing efficiency and growing dis-cipline in the management and use of resources as well as participatory governance have made Quezon City one of the most competitive cities in the Philippines today. In particular, the city recorded the highest net income in the Philippines, produced an annual budget surplus averaging P307 million for seven consecutive years from 2002 thru 2008, and earned an income of P8.02 billion in 2008. The City takes pride in its strong economic viability and financial standing, rational
de-velopment of systems to curb graft, rigid budgeting process that considers the city’s development planning strategies and priorities and the most pressing needs of its constituents.
The city has also achieved various firsts in many areas such as computerized revenue collection and assess-ment system, fiscal control and capability building in the barangay level, various environmental and solid waste management programs, women and children protection, and institutionalization of citizen participa-tion in governance thru the City Development Coun-cil.
Due to its achievements and innovations, Quezon City was recognized and cited for the dynamism of its lo-cal economy, the quality of life of its residents and the responsiveness of the local government in addressing business needs, among others. In 2007, Quezon City took the 7th place in the “Asian City of the Future” sur-vey commissioned by the London Financial Times. In a 2008 Tholons Global Outsourcing and Investments spe-cial report, the city ranked as the number 21 emerging global outsourcing city, the highest among all nine new entrants.
The city manifests the same criteria for the nation’s capital being at the center of trade, commerce, edu-cation and culture, seat of the national government, modern transportation, communication and accom-modation facilities and other physical attributes of a modern city.
Quezon City is situated on the northeast portion of Metro Manila. It is bounded on the north by Caloocan City and San Jose del Monte City in Bulacan Province, on the east by San Mateo and Marikina, on the south by Pasig and Mandaluyong, San Juan and Manila, and on the west by Valenzuela, Caloocan and Manila. Its northeastern and eastern boundaries are defined by the Novaliches Watershed and the Marikina River. It is close to the region’s major activity centers like
Bi-nondo, Ayala, Monumento, Ortigas, the Ninoy Aqui-no International Airport (NAIA), the North and South Harbor as well as the newly developed Fort Bonifacio Global City. With an area of 16,112.58 hectares (based on 1995 GIS graphical plot), it is the largest among the sixteen (16) cities and one (1) municipality in the re-gion and is almost one-fourth the size of Metro Manila. (See Figure GP-1)
The Land Use/Infrastructure Sector has six areas of concern namely: geography,
topography, climate, land use patterns, service utilities, and transportation.
2.1 Geography
Geographical Coordinates
Quezon City
Metro Manila
Figure GP-1 Location Map 1
2.2 Topography
Situated on the Guadalupe Plateau, the City’s topography is largely rolling with alternating ridges and lowlands. The southern part of the City has a low grade terrain while the northern half is undulating that culminates at the Novaliches Reservoir or La Mesa Dam where the water supply for most of the region is impounded. East West North South 121º 07’ 30” 120º 59’ 15” 14º 46’ 30” 14º 35’ 15”
The city’s slope is generally undulating to rolling. Most of these parts are of Novaliches Clay which is fur-ther categorize as follows; The Urban Land Complex (NvucC/D) with 5-15 percent slope covering an area of 7,598.62 hectares 47.16%. The Novaliches Urban Land Complex (NvucB) with 2-5 percent slope and an area of 1,169.20 hectares or 7.26%. The Novaliches Clay (NvC1) with 5-8 percent slope, slightly eroded has an area of 1,758.52 hectares or 10.91% and the Novaliches Clay (NvD1) with 5-8 percent slope and an area of 242.41 hectares or 1.50%. The San Luis Clay described as the undulating basaltic plateau with 2-5 percent slope,
slightly eroded covers an area of 1,486.98 hectares or 9.23%. The San Manuel Clay the minor alluvial plain is also classified into two (2) namely; the San Manuel Clay Loam (SmA) with 2-5 percent slope covers an area of 136.22 hectares or .85% and San Manuel clay loam (SmAf1) with 0-2 percent slope, slightly flooded areas covers an area of 108.34 hectares or .67%. The Burgos Clay, the alluvial fan terraces with 2-5 percent slope covers an area of 557.95 hectares or 3.46%. Other areas are identified as Escarpment and Built up Areas covers an area of 619.88 hectares or 3.85% and 102.36 hectares or.63% respectively.
Figure GP-2 Slope Map
2.2.2 Soil
A survey by the Bureau of Soils and Water Manage-ment (BSWM) showed that Quezon City has five (5) soil types, namely; the Novaliches Loam Series, San Luis Clay, San Manuel Clay, Burgos Clay and Escapment. The Novaliches Loam series is the predominant soil type commonly called “adobe” it is mainly characterized as hard and compact. It covers an area of 13,100.86 hect-ares or 81.31%. The San Luis Clay is a type of soil which is deep, well drained occurring on undulating plateau derived mainly from weathered product of basalt and andesite. It covers an area of 1,486.98 hectares or 9.23%. The San Manuel Clay Loam is type of soil which is also deep, well drained occurring on nearly to gen-tly sloping (0-5% slope) river terraces or leeves minor alluvial plain. This type of soil covers an area 244.55 hectares or 1.52%. The Burgos Clay on the other hand
which covers an area of 557.95 hectares or 3.46% are soils which are moderately deep to deep, moderately well drained occurring nearly level to gently sloping or undulating (2-5% slopes) on fan terraces developed from collu-alluvial deposits. The Built up Area (BU) are generally mixed alluvial sediments for sand , silt, peaty and mucky materials overlain by filled up mate-rials of mixed volcanic and marine sediments suitable for urban development. This covers 102.36 hectares or .63%. The Escarpment zone comprises mainly of roll-ing to steep side slopes and scarps along periphery of Novaliches towards Muntinlupa or along Marikina fault, the soils are shallow to moderately deep with scattered stones and boulders. This covers an area of 102.36 hectares or .63% (Refer to Figure GP-3)
Depth of Soil (in ms)
Brown, loose and friable loam to clay loam 0-5
6-20 20-35 35-60 60- plus
Weathered adobe rock, slightly compact Compact and massive adobe rock
Figure GP-3 Soil Map
Figure GP-5 QC Drainage Surface Map
2.2.3 Drainage
The City is drained thru four (4) principal river basins namely: the San Juan-San Francisco River, Marikina River, Tullahan River and Meycauayan River. The San Juan River which traverses the central and southern sections of the city, and the Marikina River which tra-verses along the eastern boundary discharge to the Pasig River. The Tullahan River traversing the Novali-ches area discharges to Tenejeros River in Malabon. The creeks at the northwestern most portion drain to the Meycauayan River. The ultimate drainage outfall of these river systems is the Manila Bay. ((Refer to Figure GP-4).
The San Juan-San Francisco River Basin covers the largest area of 80 sq. km. extending from the city’s southern limits up to San Bartolome in Novaliches and from Quirino Highway towards Marikina Valley ridge in the east, except for La Loma and Galas which slope down directly to the Pasig River. Meanwhile, the Marikina River Basin, comprising 26 sq. km, is the outfall of marginal areas east of Marikina Ridge from Don Jose Subdivision near Fairview down to Corin-thian Gardens at Ortigas Avenue. The Tullahan River basin with an approximate drainage area of 28.94 sq. km. serves most of the Novaliches District from Batasan at the east towards Caloocan City at the west, including Fairview and Lagro and across Novali-ches proper up to Damong Maliit Road in Nagkaisang Nayon. The remaining areas at the northwestern pe-ripheries drain to Meycauayan River. The Novaliches Watershed with an area of 2,574 hectares serves exclusively the La Mesa Reservation Area. (Refer to Figure GP-5) Valenzuela Navotas Malabon Caloocan Manila Pasay Paranaque Las Pinas Taguig Pateros Mandaluyong San Juan Marikina Quezon City Laguna de Bay Manila Bay Pasig River
Manggahan Floodway Marikina River Tullahan River
Maysilo River
San Francisco River
River
Creek
Metro Manila Area
Quezon City Area
Meycauayan Tullahan San Juan-Pasig Marikina Novaliches Watershed River/Creek
2.3 Climate
The climate in Quezon City is typical of Metro Manila’s, which has a distinct dry season from December to April and wet season from May to November. The normal annual rainfall total is 2,532.3 mm with the maximum mean monthly total rains being experienced in August with 526.8 mm and the minimum in February with 8.9 mm. The maximum number of 24-rainy days occurs in Au-gust while the minimum of two-rainy days occurs in February. The annual total number of rainy days is 153 while the average temperature is lowest at 20.4° C in January and highest at 34.9°C in April. (Refer to Table GP-2)-6 0 -40 -20 0
20
40 60 20 40 -6 0 -60 -40 -2 0 0 2040
60 20 40 -60 -4 0 -6 0 -4 0-20
0
20
40
60 20 40 -60 -4020Figure GP-6 Piezometric Map
2.2.4 Groundwater Levels
The 1955 piezometric map indicates that in the northern part near Novaliches reservoir and at +60 meter contour in the groundwater divide, two sepa-rating groundwater flow directions exist. One takes a southeast direction to Marikina Valley towards La-guna Lake and the other leads in southwest direction to Pasig River towards Manila Bay. (Refer to Figure GP-6)
Since 1955, the groundwater flow pattern has been significantly altered due to excessive withdrawal of groundwater. The adversely affected parts of the aquifer created cones of depression. By 2004, the groundwater level proved a worsened situation as in-creased groundwater abstraction resulted in deeper cones of depressions.
Table GP-2
Source: PAGASA Station 430, Science Garden, QC Latitude : 14°39’ N
Longtitude : 121°03’ E
Month
Rainfall Temperature Wind No. of
Days w/ JAN FEB MAR APR MAY JUN JUL AUG SEP OCT NOV DEC ANNUAL 19.5 8.9 22.9 35.1 160.4 311.6 504.1 526.8 391.7 312.0 155.5 83.9 2532.3 4 2 3 4 12 18 22 24 22 19 14 9 153 30.4 31.6 33.3 34.9 34.6 32.9 31.6 31.1 31.5 31.3 31.1 30.3 32.7 20.4 20.6 21.6 23.3 24.4 24.3 23.9 23.9 23.7 23.2 22.4 21.3 22.7 25.4 26.1 27.4 29.1 29.5 28.6 27.8 27.5 27.6 27.3 26.7 25.8 27.4 25.1 25.9 27.4 29.1 29.3 28.2 27.3 27.1 27.1 26.8 26.3 25.4 27.1 22.0 22.0 22.7 23.9 25.1 25.3 25.0 25.0 24.9 24.6 23.8 22.7 23.9 22.7 20.4 20.8 21.9 23.6 24.3 24.2 24.3 24.1 23.8 22.9 21.6 22.7 24.3 23.8 24.3 26.1 29.0 30.2 30.1 30.2 30.0 29.4 27.7 25.7 27.6 76 71 67 65 71 79 83 84 84 83 81 79 77 1012.2 1012.0 1011.5 1009.9 1008.5 1007.9 1007.3 1007.2 1008.2 1008.6 1010.0 1011.6 1009.6 NE NE SE SE SE SW SW SW SW N N N SW 1 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 2 5 4 4 4 5 6 6 7 6 6 5 5 5 0 0 1 4 14 17 19 17 18 11 5 1 107 0 0 1 4 13 13 13 9 12 9 2 0 76 AMOUNT (mm) No. Of R D
Max (ºC) Min (ºC) Mean (ºC) Dry Bulb (ºC) Wet Bul
b
Dw Pt. DIR SPD TSTM LTN
G
Vapor Pre Rel. Rel. Hum. %
%
2.4 Fault System
The west Marikina Fault of the Marikina Valley Fault System (MVFS) affects Que-zon City. It runs along the City’s eastern boundary from the down slope area east of Violago Parkwoods in the northeast to Bagong Silangan to Northview; Capitol Park Homes; Loyola Grand Villas; Industrial Valley Subdivision; St. Igna-tius to Green Meadows Subdivision in Ugong Norte in the southeast . (Refer to Figure GP-7)QUEZON
CITY
Violago Park Homes Bagong Silangan North Subd. Capitol Park Homes Loyola Grand Villas Industrial Valley Green Meadows2.5 Land Use Patterns
The development of Quezon City was initially based on two Master Plans: the 1940 Frost Plan named after its principal architect, Harry Frost; and the 1949 Mas-ter Plan prepared by the City Planning Commission in accordance with the vision of President Manuel Luis Quezon. Both plans became the fountainhead of the new City’s development laying the framework for the development of the city as a premier residential area and dignified capital city.
The 1940 Frost Plan was only partially implemented owing to the break out of World War II. Hence, it was the succeeding Master Plan prepared in 1949 that con-tinued directing the redevelopment of the City from the
destruction brought about by the war. The Plan allocat-ed 57.6% of the land area for residential uses, 10.71% for government and public uses, 12.96% for roads and parkways, 7.31% for parks and open spaces, 5.36% for commercial and industrial establishments and 2.76% for agricultural uses. It also prescribed dividing the City into one metropolitan area and three neighbor-hood districts which would be self-contained.
The ensuing Revised Charter of Quezon City of 1950 retained the residential character of the city with the following major land use allocations: (Refer to Table GP-3)
In the light of the upsurge in development, the City Zoning Plan of 1963 real-located land uses, as follows:
The succeeding years saw a continued increase in the city’s population and rap-id urbanization such that deviations from the Master Plan became inevitable to enable the city to cope with these changes in its internal and external environ-ments. Percentage (%) Parks/Playground Agricultural 62 14 7 3 Percentage (%) Commercial Industrial Agro-Industrial 66.5 4.6 16.5 3.9 Table GP-3 Land Use Allocation, Quezon City: 1950
Table GP-4 Land Use Allocation, Quezon City: 1963
Source: Revised Charter of Quezon City of 1950
2.5.1 Residential Development
In 1972, residential communities comprised about 21% of the City’s built up area, with the southern half (District I, III & IV) being extensively occupied. In the northern half, meanwhile, residential areas were con-centrated in the western part and linearly located along major roads like Quirino Highway from Balintawak to Novaliches and along Tandang Sora Avenue from Quiri-no Highway to Commonwealth Avenue. At the eastern half of upper Quezon City, Fairview Subdivision had yet to develop as a new satellite community.
Residential growth continued its northward spread so that in 1985, new communities had established in-wards from both sides of Quirino Highway and Tandang Sora Avenue. However, a faster pace can be observed along Commonwealth Avenue (which, by then, was of more improved condition, widened and concret-ed) where large residential developments have taken place, like Filinvest Homes, Don Antonio, BF Homes and Mapayapa subdivisions. Lagro served as the new satellite community in that part of the city integrating the linear growth from Quirino Highway on the west to that along Commonwealth Avenue on the east, even as large tracts of land in the midpart of the district re-mained vacant due to poor accessibility. By then,
resi-dential uses made up 34.74% of the City’s urban area. The southern parts of the city meanwhile had grown inwards, diminishing what used to be pockets of va-cant land in the inner areas. (Refer to GP-8)
This inward growth pattern of residential communities prevailed until recent years. With the opening of new subdivisions mostly in the Capitol Area, some in Paya-tas, Novaliches and Tandang Sora, the city experienced a noticeable expansion towards the north due to road constructions at Mindanao Avenue, SB Diversion Roads and Congressional Avenue in Brgy. Pasong Tamo and the soon-to-be completed segment at Brgy. Culiat. Quezon City with its vast area of vacant spaces and due to its proximity to Metro Manila’s inner core has been the refuge of migrants who were displaced from inner metropolitan areas consisting mostly of low-income families resulting in the proliferation of squatters who built shanties on almost any available lot, be it private or government property or even along waterways, beneath power transmission lines and other high-risk areas. Another recent notable change is the deteriora-tion of some of the city’s old residential areas such as Galas, La Loma and Project 4.
QUEZON CITY
2008
5,804 has (36.02%)1995
5,649 has (35.06%)1985
5,597 has (34.74%)1972
3,383 has (26%)2.5.2 Commercial Development
Commercial establishments in the city have the ten-dency to locate in areas accessible from residential concentrations. Hence, ribbon type of growth has been the dominant feature of commercial development in the city. Although not entirely undesirable, such type of development leads to traffic congestion.
In 1972, commercial strips along major roads were mostly concentrated at Quezon Avenue and A. Boni-facio Avenue. Only the Cubao area could be consid-ered a more prominent commercial node in the city although smaller commercial centers of neighborhood scale usually established around a public market, could be found throughout the developed residential areas in southern Quezon City, at the Balintawak market area, at Munoz Market vicinity, and at Novaliches Proper. This type of land use was merely 0.88% of the City’s urban area. With the introduction of the “shopping center” type of commercial establishments in the mid 70’s, activity in Cubao increased, followed by SM City in the northern area then at Broadway Centrum in New Manila in the 80’s. In 1995 more commercial nodes emerged such as at Sta. Mesa where SM Centerpoint
is located and at Capitol which is being affected by the Gotesco Center. Simultaneously, intensification and continuing linear spread took place within the popu-lated districts so that by 1995, commercial areas had trebled to 2.93% of the urban area. Likewise, areas with distinct features emerged as popular sites (e.g. Banawe Street for car accessories and Tomas Morato Avenue as a restaurant row).
In the year 2000 additional commercial areas emerged in Fairview (SM City site), North Triangle Business Center (where MRT3 main depot is located), and the Eastwood Cyberpark, the country’s free trade area for information technology at Bagumabayan where the headquarters of IBM and Citibank are located.
To date major land developments are taking place with the redevelopment of the Cubao Araneta Center (Gateway), The UP Science and Technology Park (UP-Ayala Technohub) in Commonwealth Avenue, the Tri-angle North of Manila (Trinoma) and the proposed de-velopment of the Central Business District in the North Triangle area. (Refer to Figure GP-9)
QUEZON CITY
2008
104.4 has (6.48%)1995
472 has (2.93%)1985
403 has (3.10%)1972
142 has (1.10%)Figure GP-9 Growth of Commercial Areas, Quezon City; 1972-2008
2.5.3 Industrial Development
The 1963 Zoning Ordinance of Quezon City (No.5455, S-63) allocated nearly 2,500 hectares for industrial use. Medium-High Intensity Industrial zones were designat-ed along Kaingin Road, parts of Manresa and Masam-bong in San Francisco del Monte as well as certain areas in Barangays San Roque, Obrero, Kalusugan, Kaunlaran and portions along EDSA in Bahay Toro, Bago Bantay, South Triangle, Socorro and Bagong Lipunan ng Crame. For light industries, areas allotted included the west side of Quirino Highway from Zabarte in Novaliches until EDSA, Balingasa and Pag-Ibig sa Nayon and the area of E. Rodriguez, Jr. Avenue in Brgy. Ugong Norte. Meanwhile, the strip of Quirino Highway from Novali-ches Proper to Tandang Sora Avenue was designated for agro-industrial use.
These areas became the traditional industrial districts of the city. The availability of large land parcels, prox-imity to industrialized areas of adjoining towns and cities (Caloocan, Malabon, Valenzuela and Pasig), and accessibility to international and domestic sea and air-ports (via A. Bonifacio-Quirino Highway) were impor-tant factors to the location of the industrial districts. The growth of the sector in term of land area utilized, from 274.36 hectares in 1972 to 769.05 hectares in 1995, has largely been confined in these traditional
zones. The sporadic spread in other parts of the City is of small-scale types of operation.
The 1963 ordinance permitted residential and com-mercial uses within the industrial zones. This led to gradual transformation of the industrial zones towards residential use. In the 1981 Metro Manila Zoning Ordi-nance (MMC *1-01) only 960 hectares were retained as industrial zones in Quezon City. The largest area reclas-sified to residential use was in the Novaliches District. This 1981 ordinance likewise disallowed heavy indus-tries to locate in Metro Manila effectively restraining expansion of this sector with the shifting of investors’ preference to the fast growing industrial parks of La-guna and Cavite.
Nevertheless, the potential for industrial growth par-ticularly in the Balintawak and Novaliches districts re-mains consistent with the prospects of several major road projects that would increase links to the sea ports and to the North Luzon agro-industrial and economic centers like the Subic Freeport and Clark Economic Zone. Most likely the future spread would be west-wards thru consolidation with neighboring industrial zones and the activities less hazardous to the envi-ronment with continuing advancement of production technologies. (Refer to GP-10). QUEZON CITY
2008
104.4 has (6.48%)1995
472 has (2.93%)1985
403 has (3.10%)1972
142 has (1.10%)Figure GP-10 Growth of Industrial Areas, Quezon City: 1972-2008
QUEZON CITY
2008
770 has (4.78%)1995
708 has (4.40%)1985
676 has (5.14%)1972
274 has (2.10%)2.5.4 Institutional Development
Institutional areas in 1972, constituted 3.41% of the city’s urban area, concentrated mostly in Districts I, II, and IV particularly along East Avenue and the Ellipti-cal Road. These are national agencies (LTO, SSS, BIR, DA, DAR) and medical institutions (Heart Center, East Avenue Medical Center) including the Quezon City Hall Complex that have already been established since then. The large tracks of land occupied by major uni-versities/colleges like the University of the Philippines, Ateneo de Manila University and Miriam College also form part of the traditional institutional zone.
With the rapid increase of the city’s population result-ing in the growth of residential communities, more and more institutional buildings such as primary and secondary schools, both public and private and health facilities emerged, specifically in District II or in the northern portion of the city. Institutional uses there-fore in 1985 comprised about 5.06% of the city’s urban area and slightly increased to 5.76% in 1995. The
Na-tional Government Center (NGC) site, one of the ma-jor institutional zones located in the same district was however reduced in size with the declaration of 150 hectares (Westside) as Socialized Housing Site (Proc-lamation No, 134). With only about 300 hectares left, the area of NGC at the eastside NGC is further expected to decrease with the implementation of the proposed mixed use development. Now situated in the NGC are the Philippine Congress, Civil Service Commission, De-partment of Social Welfare and Development, Com-mission on Audit and the Sandigan Bayan.
Adding to the inventory of institutional areas are those occupied by at least 491 public and private schools offering different levels of education (preparatory, el-ementary, and secondary levels), 87 colleges/univer-sities including vocational and technical schools, 61 public and private hospitals, 60 health centers, 125 churches and chapels and about 64 government of-fices/agencies.
2.5.5 Parks and Open Spaces
To date, the city has 554 existing neighborhood parks aggregating to some 226.06 hectares or approximately 1.40% of the City’s urban land area of 13, 5342.71 hect-ares. These pocket size parks are primarily subdivision open spaces intended for park functions which have been turned over to the City Government by subdivi-sion developers or owners and homeowners associa-tions. As to major parks, the City boasts of the Quezon Memorial Circle and the Ninoy Aquino Parks and Wild-life, totaling to 42.29 hectares.
Too, there are “Special” Parks which include the La Mesa Watershed (2,569.41 has.), the UP Arboretum (3.57 has.), and the recreational greens like the Capitol Golf and Country Club (check name), the QC Sports Complex, the Veterans Memorial Hospital and the Aguinaldo Golf Course. Though these may be added to the physical inventory, these cannot be fully consid-ered as City Parks due to their limited accessibility to the populace. (Refer to Table GP-5)
1972 (Has) 1985 (Has) 2008 (Has) 1995 (Has) 1972-85 Inc/Dec 1985-95 Inc/Dec 1995-08 Inc/Dec % Share % Share % Share % Share Land Use 3383.04 142.29 274.36 549.00 181.94 81.94 44.09 225.18 8655.31 13538.14 2574.41 16112.55 21.00 0.88 1.70 3.41 1.13 0.51 0.27 1.40 53.72 84.02 15.98 100 5597.23 403.11 676.71 815.85 157.16 153.29 63.31 225.09 5466.39 13538.14 2574.41 16112.55 34.74 2.50 4.20 5.06 0.98 0.95 0.39 1.40 33.80 84.02 15.98 100 2214.19 260.82 402.35 265.86 -24.78 71.35 19.22 -0.09 -3208.92 5649.50 471.60 708.22 820.08 157.27 148.44 61.74 225.57 5295.72 13538.14 2574.41 16112.55 35.06 2.93 4.40 5.09 0.98 0.92 0.38 1.40 32.87 84.02 15.98 100 52.27 68.49 31.51 4.23 0.11 -4.85 -1.57 0.48 -150.67 5804.21 1044.24 770.32 1201.21 226.06 147.24 66.81 222.02 4060.59 13542.71 2569.84 16112.55 36.02 6.48 4.78 7.46 1.40 0.91 0.41 1.38 25.20 84.39 15.61 100 2.74 121.43 8.77 46.47 43.74 -0.81 8.21 -1.57 -23.32 0.03 -0.18 Commercial Industrial Open Space Cemetery Military Vacant
Total Urban Area
Total Reservoir
Total
Table GP-5 Quezon City Comparative Actual Land Use, Quezon City: 1972-2008
2.6.1 Water Supply
Like the rest of Metro Manila, Quezon City gets its water from the Metropolitan Waterworks and Sew-erage System (MWSS) through its private distribution concessionaires: Maynilad Water Services, Inc. (MWSI) and Manila Water Co. (MWC). The west half of the city is served by MWSI and the east by MWSI. (Refer to GP-11)
In terms of service connections, data from MWSI and MWC show a total of 356,794 households served as of December 2008. MWSI shares a total of water ser-vice connection of 218,817 or 61.33% while MWC has water service connection of about 137,977 or 38.67%. Total Domestic users account for 319,733 or 89.61% connections, semi commercial consumers at 13,748 or 3.85 %, commercial users are 20,440 or 5.73 % and in-dustrial users at 2,873 or 0.81% water service connec-tions. (Refer to Table GP-6)
A total amount of 15,600,219 cu. meters of water is sold per month in the city, of which 10,613,015 or 68% are billed volume of residential users followed by commercial users at 3,692,092 or 24%, semi busi-ness at 951,174 or 6% and industrial users at 343,938 or 2%. Amount of water sold by MWSI per month is 6,685,289 cubic meters or 42.85% while MWC has a total of 8,914,930 cubic meters or 57.15%. (Refer to Table GP-7). Reservoir MWSI MWC Consumer Type No. of Customers
MWSI MWC Total Percentage
Semi-Business Commercial Industrial Total 199,093 8,304 9,066 2,354 218,817 120,640 5,444 11,374 519 137,977 319,733 13,748 20,440 2,873 356,794 89.61 3.85 5.73 0.81 100
2.6 Service Utilities
Figure GP-11: Water Supply Map
Table GP- 6 Water Service Connection, Quezon City; 2008
The data also showed that the city consumed an average of 43.7 cu. meters per service connection per month. Commercial users were the biggest consumers at 180.6 cu. Meters followed by industrial with 119.7 cu. meters, semi business at 69.2 cu. meters and domestic users 33.2 cu. meters. (Refer to Table GP- 8).
Consumer
Type MWSI MWC Total Percentage
Semi-Business Commercial Industrial Total 5,321,155 415,854 715,162 233,118 6,685,289 5,291,860 535,320 110,820 8,914,930 8,914,930 10,613,015 951,174 3,692,092 343,938 15,600,219 68.00 6.00 24.00 2.00 100
Table GP- 6 Water Service Connection, Quezon City; 2008
Source: Maynilad Water Services/Manila Water Company
Table GP-7 Billed Volume, Quezon City: 2008 (Amt. of Water Sold per month, in cu. meters)
2.6.2 Power Supply
As of 2007, the total number of MERALCO customers is 493,286 of which 444,720 me-tered connections or 90.15% are residential, 46,948 or 9.51% are commercial, 1,190 or 0.24% are industrial and 429 or 0.10% are for streetlights. (Refer to Table GP- 9).
Consumer Type
MWSI
(in cu. m.) (in cu. m.)MWC Total
Semi-Business Commercial Industrial Total 26.7 50.1 78.9 99.0 30.6 43.9 98.3 261.7 213.5 64.6 33.2 69.2 180.6 119.7 43.7
Customer Type Number of Customers Percentage
Commercial Industrial Streetlight Total 444,720 46,948 1,190 429 493,286 90.15 9.51 0.24 0.10 100
Table GP-8 Monthly Average Consumption per Service Connection*, Quezon City: 2008
Table GP-9 MERALCO Customers by Use, Quezon City; 2007
*computed as Billed Volume /Water Service Connection Source: Maynilad Water Services/Manila Water Company
Cellular mobile phones are offered by Bayantel and Digitel while paging system is provided by Multime-dia, Phil. Wireless, Inc. and Radio Marine. Broadband services are now available through Bayantel, Digitel, Primeworld and Radio Marine. Telegraph and Telex services are provided by PT&T while postal services are provided primarily by the QC Central Post Office. The city has 10 post offices and 9 private postal sta-tions distributed citywide. Other services include mail and parcel delivery, money order, domestic and
inter-national express mails and PO Box leasing.
The city is also abreast with modern information tech-nology with the entry of internet service providers. In the broadcast media, in 2006 the city is home base to eleven (11) local television networks and six (6) ca-ble TV, seven (7) AM radio stations, and four (4) FM ra-dio stations. All major newspapers and magazines and publications are easily available even in the remotest corners of the city.
With the liberalization of the telecommunication industry, more firms are now offering telephone services in the city. As of December 2006, there are five (5) telephone companies that provide telephone services in the city. (Refer to Table GP-11)
2.6.3 Communication
Telephone Company Installed lines Subscribed Lines
PLDT Bayantel Digitel 323,782 243,840 4,744 -1,500 221,103 134,190 1,139 34 950
Table GP-11 Telephone Service Providers, Quezon City; 2006
Source: National Telecommunications Commission
For the same year, the City recorded a total monthly average consumption of 294,069,726 kwh, of which 109,673,563 or 37.30% are for residential, 134,737,806 kwh or 45.82% are for commercial, 47,442,309 kwh or 16.13 % are for industrial and 2,216,048 kwh or 0.75 % are for streetlights. (Refer to Table GP-10)
Customer Type Percentage
Commercial Industrial Streetlight Total 109,673,563 134,737,806 47,442,309 2,216,048 294,069,726 37.30 45.82 16.13 0.75 100
Table GP-10 Monthly Average Kilowatt Hour Consumption by Use, Quezon City; 2007
The City has a total road kilometerage of 2,095.52 kilometers. The present road-to-land area ratio is 15.55 km/100 hectares. There has been a 24.51 % increase from the 1995 road-to-land area ratio of 12.49 kms/100 hectares. This is most significant in District II where much of the new land development activities had taken place. A total of 740 km. of new roads has been added in District II during the 12-year period compared to only 193 km. of total new roads in the already developed Districts I, III and IV. (Refer to Table GP-12)
Of the total new roads constructed from 1995 to 2007 however, only 2.54 km. (0.62 %) were primary arterial roads. These were the extension of Mindanao Avenue and Katipunan Avenue Ext. at Bgy. Nagkaisang Nayon; 92.65 km. or 22.59 % were secondary roads which serve primarily as traffic collector roads and the rest 314.93 km. (76.79 %) are tertiary or distributor roads which are basically used as access to properties.
2.7 Transportation and Communication
2.7.1 Road Network
District Area (Has.)
1995 Km.
(per 100 ha.) Km. (per 100 ha.) Km. (per 100 ha.)
2007 Increase / Decrease 1 2 3 4 TOTAL 1955 6917* 2237 2364 13,473 289.00 832.00 263.00 299.00 1,683.00 14.78 12.03 11.76 12.65 12.49 317.30 1,144.82 301.65 331.75 2,095.52 16.23 16.55 13.48 14.03 15.55 28.30 312.82 38.65 32.75 412.52 1.45 4.52 1.73 1.39 3.06
Table GP-12 Road Kilometerage and Road-to-Land Area Ratio Per District, Quezon City: 1995 and 2007
In terms of road-to-land ratios, it is seen that District II has a deficit both in primary and secondary road kilometerage. For primary roads, the deficit trans-lates to 0.15 km. of new roads to attain the minimum 1 km. per 100 hectares. Similarly, 1.70 km. of sec-ondary roads need to be added to the network to reach the standard of 2 km. per 100 hectares. (Refer to Table GP-13).
Category
District Area (has.) Kms Kms
Actual Excess Actual Excess
Std 1 km/100 has. Std 2 km/100 has. Primary Secondary 1 2 3 4 Total 1,961.58 7,105.38* 2,238.48 2,360.70 13,666.14 33.89 60.36 20.66 41.61 156.52 1.73 0.85 0.92 1.76 1.15 0.73 -.15 -.08 0.76 0.15 100.70 248.84 67.81 88.73 506.08 5.13 3.50 3.03 3.76 3.76 3.13 1.50 1.03 1.76 1.70
Figure GP-12 Road Network Development
Table GP-13 Road-to-Land Area Ratio Per Category Per District, Quezon City: 2007
Source: City Planning & Development Office
More significantly, the increase in road to land ratio opened roughly 440 hectares of once idle lands for various urban functions, mostly residential. From about 640 hectares of inaccessible land in 1995, the area of idle lands has been reduced to 200 hectares at present. (Refer to Table GP-12).
Of the total kilometerage of 2,095.51 km., 215.38 km. or 10.28% are classified as national roads, 834.83 kms. or 39.84% city roads, 1045.30 kms. or 49.88% are privately-owned roads. The DPWH maintains the national roads while the City Engineer’s Office takes care of city roads. Maintenance and improvement of private roads are the responsibility of their respec-tive owners, developers or homeowners associations.
As to road pattern, roads in the southern part of the city depict a dominantly regular grid pat-tern in contrast to an irregular lay-out in the northern portion where loops, dead-ends and non-interconnection is preponderant. This can be attributed to the concentration of small– sized subdivisions in the northern area and the obvious lack of a general plan that could have guided the lay-out of their roads in these subdivisions.
2.7.2 Traffic Volume
Based on traffic count of MMDA-TOC in 2006, EDSA is the most traveled thoroughfare in the City with average of 170,246 vehi-cles per day (vpd) volume. Katipunan Avenue registered second with an average vpd of 104,992. Another highly traveled sec-tion of the network is that at PHILCOA from QMC to UP Avenue where the reading is at 203,306 vpd.
Type Primary Secondary Service Total
City Road Private Road 150.85 2.89 2.78 156.52 52.59 254.58 124.23 431.40 11.94 577.36 709.82 1299.12 215.38 834.83 1045.30 2095.51 208.47 208.47
Table GP-14 Road Category and Classification, Quezon City: 2007
Along EDSA
Balintawak Cloverleaf
At corner Roosevelt and Congressional At corner North and West Avenue Cubao Area
Along Quezon Avenue
At corner EDSA
At corner G. Araneta Avenue At corner Roosevelt Avenue Along Quirino Highway At corner Tandang Sora At corner Old Sauyo Road At corner Gen. Luis St. Along Tandang Sora Avenue Along Boni Serrano Avenue
no diversion route
Narrow carriage-way of Tandang Sora Ave.; route of industrial transport
Source: City Planning & Development Office
Table GP-15 Traffic Prone Areas, Quezon City: 2007
1 2 3 5 4 7 6 12 13 14 11 8 9 10
Choke Points
Figure GP-13 Traffic Prone Areas
The deficiency in primary and secondary roads in several parts of the city is evident with the prevalent heavy traf-fic along the few existing thoroughfares and the frequent occurrence of congestion at major intersections.
On-going Programs/Projects
Available modes of transport in Quezon City are purely land-based. The 2006 data of the MMDA-Traffic Operation Center revealed that private transport dominates with 82.49% of the total volume while public utility vehicles (i.e., buses, jeepneys and taxis) comprise 13.72% and industrial/commercial vehicles (i.e., trucks, vans) at 3.79%.
In terms of passenger volume however, public transport modes (buses, jeep-neys, taxis) were estimated to carry as much as or 71% while only 29% are on private conveyances. Furthermore, 57% of public commuters ride jeepneys, 38% are in buses 5% use the taxi. The Light Rail Transit (LRT) Line 3 (EDSA), on the other hand, carries as many as 800,000 passengers per day while the LRT Line 2 (Aurora) carries 30,000 passengers per day.
Public buses ply the six (6) major thoroughfares in the city namely: EDSA, Com-monwealth Avenue, Quirino Highway, General Luis Avenue, Quezon Avenue, and Aurora Boulevard while jeepneys service most other main roads as well as some 50 registered bus routes. Tricycles, on the other hand, are confined to the inner areas and communities. Data from the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory (LTFRB) show that, as of 2007, there are 3,400 units of public utility buses and 3,474 public utility jeeps. Meanwhile, January 2007 data from Tricycle Regulatory Unit (TRU) recorded 24,222 registered tricycle units plying the 149 Tricycle Operators and Drivers Association (TODA) areas in the city.
2.7.4 Mode of Transport
PROGRAM/ PROJECT TITLE
DESCRIPTION/OBJECTIVE LEAD AGENCY
Metro Manila Outer Major Roads Project (Northern Package) Metro Manila Urban
Transport Development Plan
DPWH-URPO
DOTC Mindanao Ave., Visayas Ave., C-6 and Q.C.- Norzagaray Alignment
A mass transit development program for Metro Manila to cope with track design and light rail-guided transport system for physical viability, Among the proposed LRT lines that will traverse QC are:
LRT 3 (EDSA Extn). LRT 4 (Quezon Ave.), LRT 7 (Commonwealth Ave.) and LRT 5 (Araneta Ave.)
3.1 Demography
3.1.1 Population Size and Growth Rate
Population SizeGrowth Rate
Official census results of the National Statistics Office (NSO) in 2007 show that the city has a population of 2,679,450, an increase of 505,619 persons or 23.26% over the 2000 population of 2,173,831. The city’s popula-tion is the largest comprising nearly one-fourth (23.19%) of Metro Manila’s populapopula-tion of 11,553,427. This is followed by the City of Manila (1.65M) and Caloocan City with 1.38M. Quezon City contributes 3.03% of the 88.5M Philippine population. The city also ranks third among the cities with the largest population in the coun-try. (Refer to Fig. DS-1)
For the period 2000-2007, the city registered an annual population growth rate of 2.92%, higher than the NCR’s rate of 2.11% as well as the national growth rate of 2.04% (See Fig. DS-2). At the current growth rate, Quezon City’s population is expected to double in a span of 24 years.
18% (1.93M) 4% (.45M) 4% (.51M) Las Pinas 5% (.53M) Paranaque 5% (.55M) Valenzuela 5% (.57M) Taguig 5% (.61M) Pasig(.62M) 5% Manila 14% (1.66M) Caloocan 12% (1.38M) Quezon City 23% (2.68M)
Figure DS-1 Distribution of Population; Metro Manila 2007
Figure DS-2 Annual Population Growth Rate in Various Census Periods
Source: City Planning & Development Office
4.5 4 3.5 3 2.5 2 1.5 1 0.5 0 1980 1990 1995 2000 Quezon City NCR Phil. 2007 4.03 3.64 3.6 1.92 2.92 2.35 2.75 1.56 2.616 3.3 1.06 2.04 2.32 2.34 2.11
The Demographic and Social Development Profile discusses sub-sectors on Population, the
status of well-being which includes Health, Education, Social Welfare Services, Housing, Sports
and Recreation, Protective Services and Culture.
3.1.2 Population Size and Growth Rate by District
Among the city’s four (4) districts, District II remains to have the largest popu-lation with 1,559,641 representing more than half (58.21%) of the city’s total population. Next are District IV and District I with 15.63% and 14.99% shares, respectively. District III has the lowest share in the city’s total population with 11.17%. In terms of population growth rate District II is also the fastest with 4.12% while District I is the slowest. (Refer to Table DS-1)3.1.3 Barangay Population and Growth Rate
At the barangay level, Bgy. Commonwealth in District II remains to be the most populated with 172,834 or 43.35% increase from 120,569 persons in 2000 cen-sus. The next are barangays Batasan Hills, Payatas and Holy Spirit all in District II. On the other hand Bgy. Mangga in District III is the least populated with only 634 persons.While Bgy. Commonwealth was noted to be the largest in population count, the fastest in growth rate is Bgy. Bagong Silangan with an annual growth rate of 11.94%. Its 2000 population of 32,497 more than doubled in a span of 7 years with 73,612 in 2007. Bgys. Sauyo and North Fairview followed next with 11.85% and 11.62% respectively.
District Percent Annual Growth Rate
I II III IV Total 401,705 1,559,641 299,217 418,887 2,679,450 14.99 58.21 11.17 15.63 100.00 1.00 4.12 1.37 1.90 2.92
Table DS-1 Population Distribution by District; Quezon City: 2007
In 2000, population density was 134.92 persons per hectare and in 2007, it in-creased to 166.30 persons per hectare. It is projected to be 240.31 persons per hectare in the year 2017. Population was relatively dispersed and unevenly dis-tributed in the four district of the city. District II emerged as the most congested district with a density of 219.50 persons per hectare, followed by District I with 204.79 and District IV with 177.94 persons per hectare. The least densed district is District III at 133.67 persons per hectare which is attributed to the presence of first class residential subdivisions in the area such as the La Vista, White Plains, Corinthians, Blue Ridge, Green meadows, St. Ignatius etc. (See Table DS-2 & DS-3)
3.1.4 Population Density
Area Area (Has) 2000
pop’n
2007 Pop’n
2017 Pop’n
Density Density Density
I II III IV Reservoir Total 1,961.5820 7,105.3800 2,238.4810 2,360.7030 2,446.4160 16,112.5620 373,712 1,163,537 271,172 365,410 2,173,831 190.52 163.75 121.14 154.79 134.92 401,705 1,559,641 299,217 418,887 2,679,450 204.79 219.50 133.67 177.44 166.30 457,845 2,537,342 350,208 526,694 3,872,089 233.41 357.10 156.45 223.11 240.31
Table DS-3 Population Size and Density per District Quezon City: 2000, 200
Source : National Statistics Office
Area Land Area
(km) 2000 2007 2017 Quezon City Metro Manila Philippines 161.112 636.000 300,000.00 134.92 156.17 2.55 166.30 181.66 2.95 240.31 223.84 3.61 Table DS-2 Population Density Quezon City, Metro Manila and the Philippines (persons per hectare) : 2000, 2007
