Refresh your memory!
Refresh your memory!
Refresh your memory!
Grammar reference
Pronombres sujeto y objeto
Pronombres sujeto Pronombres objeto
I me you you he / she / it he / she / it we us they them Usos
Empleamos los pronombres sujeto para reemplazar sustantivos o nombres.
Katy is English. She’s from Manchester.
Nota: Los pronombres sujeto nunca se omiten.
It is on the desk. NO Is on the desk.
Empleamos los pronombres sujeto después de un verbo o una preposición.
I like chocolate. I like it.
I play with my friends. I play with them.
Adjetivos posesivos
Pronombres sujeto Adjetivos posesivos
I my
you your
he / she / it his / her / its
we our
they their
Usos
Empleamos adjetivos posesivos precediendo a un sustantivo para indicar a quién pertenece ese sustantivo.
My bag is blue. This is our classroom.
Pronombres demostrativos
Singular Plural this that these those UsosEmpleamos this y these para hacer referencia a cosas que están cerca.
This is my notebook. These pens are blue.
Empleamos that y those para hacer referencia a cosas que no están cerca.
Look at that bike! Who are those people over there?
Posesivo con ’s
Añadimos ’s después de los sustantivos en singular.
the teacher’s desk Tom’s book
Añadimos ’ después de los sustantivos en plural que terminan en -s.
the students’ school bags my parents’ laptop
Añadimos ’s después de los sustantivos en plural que no terminan en -s.
the children’s teacher the men’s chairs
Usos
Empleamos el posesivo con ’s para indicar que algo pertenece a alguien.
Katy’s dictionary the boys’ notebooks
have got
Afirmativa Negativa I’ve got I haven’t got You’ve got You haven’t got He / She / It’s got He / She / It hasn’t got We’ve got We haven’t got They’ve got They haven’t got Interrogativa Respuestas breves
Have I got …? Yes, I have. No, I haven’t. Have you got …? Yes, you have. No, you haven’t. Has he / she / it got …? Yes, he / she / it has. No, he / she / it hasn’t.
Have we got …? Yes, we have. No, we haven’t. Have they got …? Yes, they have. No, they haven’t. Usos
Empleamos have got para indicar posesión. También lo empleamos para hablar de familias.
He’s got a bike. We’ve got two pens. I’ve got a sister.
Nota: En las respuestas breves no se emplea got.
Have you got a calculator? Yes, I have. NO Yes, I have got.
Imperativos
Afirmativa Negativa
Look at the book. Don’t look at the book. Sit down. Don’t sit down. El imperativo se forma con el infinitivo sin to.
La forma negativa se construye con Don’t y el infinitivo sin to. Usos
El imperativo se emplea para dar órdenes o instrucciones.
Open your books. Read the text.
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79
have got
6
Write pairs of sentences with the affirmative (✓) and negative (✗) form of have got.you / a dog (✗) / a cat (✓)
You haven’t got a dog. You’ve got a cat.
1 they / blue pens (✓) / black pens (✗)
2 she / a calculator (✗)/ a dictionary (✓)
3 I / a sister (✓) / a brother (✗)
4 it / chairs (✓) / desks (✗)
5 we / maths (✗) / history (✓)
7
Write questions and short answers with have got. Emily / a laptop ? (✗)Has Emily got a laptop? No, she hasn’t.
1 the students / calculators? (✓)
2 Mr Clark / a red car? (✓)
3 the classroom / a board? (✓)
4 your parents / bikes? (✗)
5 you / posters in your room? (✗)
Imperatives
8
Complete the sentences with the correct imperative form of the verbs in the box.be eat look sit write
Eat your lunch. It’s one o’clock. 1 with a pen. Use a pencil. 2 quiet! Here’s the teacher. 3 at exercise 1 and read the text. 4 on that chair. It’s the teacher’s.
Grammar practice
Subject pronouns
1
Replace the bold words with the correct subject pronoun.My favourite sport is tennis. Tennis is great! It
1 Dublin is in Ireland. Dublin is the capital city. 2 This is Jack. Jack and I are in Class 4.
3 I’ve got a new school bag. The new school bag is blue. 4 My favourite singer is George Ezra. George Ezra is from
the UK.
5 Her parents are French. Her parents are from Nantes. 6 This is my sister, Megan. Megan is 13.
Possessive adjectives
2
Complete the text with the correct possessive adjective.My name’s Lara and I’m from Australia. These are
(1) two best friends. (2)
names are Michael and Nina. We’ve got maths now.
(3) teacher is Mr Kay. I like (4)
lessons. Nina doesn’t like maths. (5)
favourite subject is science.
Demonstrative pronouns
3
Choose the correct option.This / These are my friends. 1 What’s this/ that over there? 2 This / Those books are Nico’s. 3 Sit on this / that chair here. 4 Are these / this your pens?
Object pronouns
4
Complete the sentences with the correct object pronoun.Emma is my favourite person. I love her . 1 I’ve got two brothers. I love .
2 Ben is my best friend. I see every day. 3 My favourite food is pizza. I love . 4 My parents love and I love them.
Possessive ’s
5
Add ’s or ’ to the first noun. the school’s computer1 the girls pens 4 the teachers room 2 the children book 5 the boy laptop 3 Nora school bag 6 Sam pen
Vocabulary reference
Países y nacionalidades
American (adj) /əˈmerɪkən/ americano/a (adj.) Argentina (n) /ɑːdʒənˈtiːnə/ Argentina (sust.) Argentinian (adj) /ɑːdʒənˈtɪniən/ argentino/a (adj.) Australia (n) /ɒˈstreɪliə/ Australia (sust.) Australian (adj) /ɒˈstreɪliən/ australiano/a (adj.) Brazil (n) /brəˈzɪl/ Brasil (sust.) Brazilian (adj) /brəˈzɪliən/ brasileño/a (adj.) British (adj) /ˈbrɪtɪʃ/ británico/a (adj.) China (n) /ˈtʃaɪnə/ China (sust.) Chinese (adj) /tʃaɪˈniːz/ chino/a (adj.) Egypt (n) /ˈiːdʒɪpt/ Egipto (sust.) Egyptian (adj) /ɪˈdʒɪpʃ(ə)n/ egipcio/a (adj.) England (n) /ˈɪŋɡlənd/ Inglaterra (sust.) English (adj) /ˈɪŋɡlɪʃ/ inglés/esa (adj.) France (n) /frɑːns/ Francia (sust.) French (adj) /frentʃ/ francés/esa (adj.) German (adj) /ˈdʒɜːmən/ alemán/ana (adj.) Germany (n) /ˈdʒɜːməni/ Alemania (sust.) India (n) /ˈɪndiə/ India (sust.) Indian (adj) /ˈɪndiən/ indio/a (adj.) Ireland (n) /ˈaɪələnd/ Irlanda (sust.) Irish (adj) /ˈaɪrɪʃ/ irlandés/esa (adj.) Japan (n) /dʒəˈpæn/ Japón (sust.) Japanese (adj) /dʒæpəˈniːz/ japonés/nesa (adj.) Kenya (n) /ˈkenjə/ Kenia (sust.) Kenyan (adj) /ˈkenjən/ Keniano/a (adj.) Mexican (adj) /ˈmeksɪkən/ mexicano/a (adj.) Mexico (n) /ˈmeksɪkəʊ/ México (sust.) Scotland (n) /ˈskɒtlənd/ Escocia (sust.) Scottish (adj) /ˈskɒtɪʃ/ escocés/esa (adj.) Spain (n) /speɪn/ España (sust.) Spanish (adj) /ˈspanɪʃ/ español/a (adj.) Turkey (n) /ˈtəːki/ Turquía (sust.) Turkish (adj) /ˈtəːkɪʃ/ turco/a (adj.) the UK (n) /ðəˌ juːˈkeɪ/ Reino Unido (sust.) the USA (n) /ðə ˌjuːˌesˈeɪ/ Estados Unidos de
América
Wales (n) /weɪlz/ Gales (sust.) Welsh (adj) /welʃ/ galés/esa (adj.)
Objetos de la clase
bin (n) /bɪn/ papelera (sust.) book (n) /bʊk/ libro (sust.) calculator (n) /ˈkælkjəleɪtə(r)/ calculadora (sust.) chair (n) /tʃeə(r)/ silla (sust.) desk (n) /desk/ pupitre (sust.) dictionary (n) /ˈdɪkʃ(ə)n(ə)ri/ diccionario (sust.) door (n) /dɔː(r)/ puerta (sust.) laptop (n) /ˈlæptɒp/ portátil (sust.)
poster (n) /ˈpəʊstə(r)/ póster (sust.) school bag (n) /ˈskuːl ˌbæg/ mochila (sust.) table (n) /ˈteɪb(ə)l/ mesa (sust.) wall (n) /wɔːl/ pared (sust.) whiteboard (n) /ˈwaɪtbɔːd/ pizarra (sust.) window (n) /ˈwɪndəʊ/ ventana (sust.)
Preposiciones de lugar
behind /bɪˈhaɪnd/ detrás between /bɪˈtwiːn/ entre
in /ɪn/ dentro de
in front of /ˌɪn ˈfrʌnt əv/ delante de next to /ˈnekst tə/ al lado de
on /ɒn/ en
under /ˈʌndə(r)/ bajo
Los días de la semana
Monday (n) /ˈmʌndeɪ/ lunes (sust.) Tuesday (n) /ˈtjuːzdeɪ/ martes (sust.) Wednesday (n) /ˈwenzdeɪ/ miércoles (sust.) Thursday (n) /ˈθɜːzdeɪ/ jueves (sust.) Friday (n) /ˈfraɪdeɪ/ viernes (sust.) Saturday (n) /ˈsatədeɪ/ sábado (sust.) Sunday (n) /ˈsʌndeɪ/ domingo (sust.)
Asignaturas
art (n) /ɑːt/ arte (sust.) English (n) /ˈɪŋglɪʃ/ inglés (sust.) geography (n) /dʒiˈɒgrəfi/ geografía (sust.) history (n) /ˈhɪstri/ historia (sust.) ICT (n) /aɪsiːˈtiː/ informática (sust.) maths (n) /mæθs/ matemáticas (sust.) music (n) /ˈmjuːzɪk/ música (sust.) PE (n) /ˌpiːˈiː/ educación física
(sust.)
science (n) /ˈsaɪəns/ ciencias (sust.)
Expresiones útiles
Expresiones de clase
Be quiet, please! ¡Silencio, por favor! Don’t eat in class! ¡No comáis en clase!
Excuse me, what does ‘imperative’ mean? Disculpe, ¿qué significa “imperativo”? How do you say ‘calculadora’ in English? ¿Cómo se dice “calculadora” en inglés? Put your hands up, please.
Levantad la mano, por favor. Sit down!
¡Siéntate/Sentaos! Sorry I’m late.
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Vocabulary practice
Countries and nationalities
R
Mexico Mexican
The classroom
2
Find six differences in picture B. Write sentences.A B
The earphones are in the school bag.
1
Find seven countries (→ or ↓). Then write the countries and correct nationality words.C R M E X I C O M A E T H S B R A Z G R G E R M A N Y N H G Y K Y B X M I A S E P S C O T L A N D N T U M G E J P Y E T P I R E L A N D E I I W X D N P O C M N R H I N U A B V P A G Y F R A N C E W L
1
Grammar reference
Present simple: be
Afirmativa Negativa Forma
completa Forma breve Forma completa Forma breve
I am I’m I am not I’m not
You are You’re You are not You aren’t He is / She is / It is He’s / She’s / It’s He is not / She is not / It is not He isn’t / She isn’t / It isn’t We are We’re We are not We aren’t They are They’re They are not They aren’t Usos
Empleamos be para dar información acerca de una persona, lugar o cosa.
I am English. Vigo is in Spain.
The books are on the desk.
Normalmente, empleamos la forma breve del verbo para hablar o escribir de manera informal.
It’s Monday today. You’re late.
Interrogativa Respuestas breves
Am I … ? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Are you … ? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Is he … ? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Is she … ? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Is it … ? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. Are we … ? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Are they … ? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t. Usos
Planteamos preguntas con be para pedir información acerca de una persona, lugar o cosa.
Nota: En las respuestas breves afirmativas, no se emplea la forma breve del verbo (Yes, I am. NO Yes, I’m.).
‘Is Harry in your class?’ ‘Yes, he is.’
‘Are those pens blue?’ ‘No, they aren’t.’
there is, there are + a, an, some y any
AfirmativaForma completa Forma breve Singular There is a / an … There’s a / an … Plural There are some … –
Negativa
Forma completa Forma breve Singular There is not a / an … There isn’t a / an … Plural There are not any … There aren’t any … Usos
Empleamos there + be para decir que algo existe o no.
There is a lift at school. There isn’t a swimming pool.
Empleamos el plural de be cuando el sustantivo es plural.
There are some chairs. There aren’t any windows.
Normalmente, empleamos las formas breves para hablar o escribir de manera informal.
Nota: no hay forma breve para There are.
There’s a big desk in my bedroom.
There isn’t a sofa and there aren’t any chairs. There are four posters on the wall.
Empleamos a o an con sustantivos singulares.
There’s a big TV. There’s an orange door.
Empleamos some y any con sustantivos plurales. Empleamos some en oraciones afirmativas y any en oraciones negativas.
There are some books in my school bag. There aren’t any pens.
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1
4
Write sentences about the things in the living room. Use there is, there are + a, an, some and any.Grammar practice
Present simple: be: affirmative and negative
1
Complete the sentences with the correct form of be.Use short forms.
Negative Affirmative Her name isn’t Julie. It’s Jenna.
1 They They
Canadian. American.
2 I thirteen. I fourteen. 3 My mum She at home.
here.
4 We We cousins.
brothers.
5 It Tuesday. It Wednesday. 6 You from You from
the UK. Australia.
7 He my He my
uncle. grandpa.
Present simple: be: questions
2
Complete the questions and short answers.Is the café new? Yes, it is. 1 we in Room 8?
No, .
2 your mum a teacher?
Yes, .
3 you from the USA?
No, I .
4 Eduardo fourteen?
Yes, .
5 your books in your school bag?
Yes, .
6 it Friday today?
No, .
7 you and Harry from London?
No, .
there is, there are + a, an, some and any
3
Complete the text with the correct form of be. There are three bedrooms in my home. There(1) one for my mum and dad, one for my
sister and one for me. There (2) two beds
in my room and there (3) a desk, too. There (4) a lot of things on it – some books, pens,
pencils, a calculator and my laptop. There (5)
any wardrobes in my bedroom, but there (6)
two big ones in my sister’s room. There (7)
any stairs in my home and there (8) a lift.
That’s because our home is a bungalow!
There’s a big fireplace.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 big fireplace ✓ 1 sofa ✓ 2 chairs ✗
3 amazing flat screen TV ✓
4 balcony ✗
5 pictures on the wall ✓
6 large window ✓
1
Vocabulary reference
1.1 Familia
aunt (n) /ɑːnt/ tía (sust.) brother (n) /ˈbrʌðə(r)/ hermano (sust.) child (n) /tʃaɪld/ hijo/a (sust.) children (n) /ˈtʃɪldrən/ hijos/as (sust.) cousin (n) /ˈkʌz(ə)n/ primo/a (sust.) dad (n) /dæd/ papá (sust.) daughter (n) /ˈdɔːtə(r)/ hija (sust.) father (n) /ˈfɑːðə(r)/ padre (sust.) grandad (n) /ˈɡrandæd/ abu(elo) (sust.) grandfather (n) /ˈɡrænfɑːðə(r)/ abuelo (sust.) grandma (n) /ˈɡrænmɑː/ abu(ela) (sust.) grandmother (n) /ˈɡrænmʌðə(r)/ abuela (sust.) grandpa (n) /ˈɡrænpɑː/ abu(elo) (sust.) grandparents (n) /ˈɡran(d)peər(ə)nts/ abuelos (sust.) husband (n) /ˈhʌzbənd/ marido (sust.) mother (n) /ˈmʌðə/ madre (sust.) mum (n) /mʌm/ mamá (sust.) parents (n) /ˈpeərənts/ padres (sust.) sister (n) /ˈsɪstə(r)/ hermana (sust.) son (n) /sʌn/ hijo (sust.) uncle (n) /ˈʌŋkl/ tío (sust.) wife (n) /waɪf/ mujer (sust.)
1.1 Más vocabulario
different (adj) /ˈdɪfrənt/ diferente (adj.) difficult (adj) /ˈdɪfɪk(ə)lt/ difícil (adj.) easy (adj) /ˈiːzi/ fácil (adj.) modern (adj) /ˈmɒd(ə)n/ moderno/a (adj.) new (adj) /njuː/ nuevo/a (adj.) old (adj) /əʊld/ viejo/a (adj.) the same (adj) /ðə seɪm/ igual (adj.) traditional (adj) /trəˈdɪʃ(ə)n(ə)l/ tradicional (adj.)
1.2 Cuartos y casas
balcony (n) /ˈbælkəni/ balcón (sust.) bathroom (n) /ˈbɑːθruːm, -rʊm/ baño (sust.) bedroom (n) /ˈbedruːm, -rʊm/ dormitorio (sust.) dining room (n) /ˈdaɪnɪŋ ˌruːm, ˌrʊm/ comedor (sust.) fireplace (n) /ˈfaɪəpleɪs/ chimenea (sust.) garage (n) /ˈɡærɑːʒ, -rɪdʒ/ garaje (sust.) garden (n) /ˈɡɑːd(ə)n/ jardín (sust.) kitchen (n) /ˈkɪtʃɪn/ cocina (sust.) lift (n) /lɪft/ ascensor (sust.) living room (n) /ˈlɪvɪŋ ˌruːm, ˌrʊm/ salón (sust.) patio (n) /ˈpætiəʊ/ patio (sust.) shower (n) /ˈʃaʊə/ ducha (sust.) stairs (n) /steəz/ escaleras (sust.) swimming pool (n) /ˈswɪmɪŋ ˌpuːl/ piscina (sust.) toilet (n) /ˈtɔɪlət/ lavabo (sust.)
1.2 Más vocabulario
amazing (adj) /əˈmeɪzɪŋ/ increíble (adj.) beautiful (adj) /ˈbjuːtɪfl/ precioso/a (adj) fantastic (adj) /fænˈtæstɪk/ fantástico/a (adj.) strange (adj) /streɪndʒ/ raro/a (adj.) ugly (adj) /ˈʌɡli/ feo/a (adj.) unusual (adj) /ʌnˈjuːʒuəl/ diferente (adj.)
1.4 Más vocabulario
1st first /fɜːst/ 1º primero/a
2nd second /ˈsek(ə)nd/ 2º segundo/a
3rd third /θɜːd/ 3º tercero/a
4th fourth /fɔːθ/ 4º cuarto/a
5th fifth /fɪfθ/ 5º quinto/a
6th sixth /sɪksθ/ 6º sexto/a
7th seventh /ˈsev(ə)nθ/ 7º séptimo/a
8th eighth /eɪtθ/ 8º octavo/a
9th ninth /ˈnaɪnθ/ 9º noveno/a
10th tenth /tenθ/ 10º décimo/a
11th eleventh /ɪˈlev(ə)nθ/ 11º undécimo/a
12th twelfth /twelfθ/ 12º duodécimo/a
13th thirteenth /ˌθɜːˈtiːnθ/ 13º decimotercero/a 14th fourteenth /ˌfɔːˈtiːnθ/ 14º decimocuarto/a 15th fifteenth /fɪfˈtiːnθ/ 15º decimoquinto/a 16th sixteenth /ˌsɪksˈtiːnθ/ 16º decimosexto/a 17th seventeenth /ˌsev(ə)nˈtiːnθ/ 17º decimoséptimo/a 18th eighteenth /ˌeɪˈtiːnθ/ 18º decimoctavo/a 19th nineteenth /ˌnaɪnˈtiːnθ/ 19º decimonoveno/a 20th twentieth /ˈtwentɪəθ/ 20º vigésimo/a 21st twenty-first /ˈtwentifɜːst/ 21º vigesimoprimero/a 22nd twenty-second 22º vigesimosegundo/a
/ˈtwentiˈsekənd/
23rd twenty-third /ˈtwentiθɜːd/ 23º vigesimotercero/a 24th twenty-fourth /ˈtwentifɔːθ/ 24º vigesimocuarto/a 30th thirtieth /ˈθɜːtɪəθ/ 30º trigésimo/a 31st thirty-first /ˈθɜːtifɜːst/ 31º trigésimo primero/a
1.4 Expresiones útiles
Pedir y dar información personal
What’s your (first) name / surname / date of birth? My name’s
¿Cómo te llamas / apellidas? / ¿Cuál es tu fecha de nacimiento? Me llamo
What’s your address / postcode / phone number / email address? My address is ... / It’s ...
¿Cuál es tu dirección / código postal / número de teléfono / dirección de correo electrónico? Mi dirección es... / Es... How old are you? I’m ... years old.
¿Cuántos años tienes? Tengo... años. How do you spell that, please? It’s ... ¿Podrías deletrearlo? Es...
(Sorry,) Can you repeat that, please? (Disculpa,) ¿Podrías repetirlo?
84b
1
1.5 Más vocabulario
bed (n) /bed/ cama (sust.)
bedside table (n) /ˈbedsaɪd ˈteɪbl/ mesilla de noche (sust.) chair (n) /tʃeə(r)/ silla (sust.)
clock (n) /klɒk/ reloj (sust.) desk (n) /desk/ escritorio (sust.) drawers (n) /drɔːz/ cajones (sust.) lamp (n) /lamp/ lámpara (sust.) laptop (n) /ˈlæptɒp/ portátil (sust.) poster (n) /ˈpəʊstə/ póster (sust.) shelves (n) /ʃelvz/ estantes (sust.) sofa (n) /ˈsəʊfə/ sofá (sust.) TV (n) /tiːˈviː/ televisión (sust.) wardrobe (n) /ˈwɔːdrəʊb/ armario (sust.)
1
3
Complete the puzzle. 1 c l o c k 2 3 4 5Now write the letters and make another word from the unit. 1 (letter 4) c 2 (letter 2) 3 (letter 4) 4 (letter 6) 5 (letter 4)
The new word is .
4
Choose the odd one out. mum uncle ugly grandpa1 patio bedside table garage garden 2 lift amazing beautiful fantastic 3 wife daughter drawers aunt 4 surname nationality first name strange 5 son stairs toilet fireplace
5
Translate the sentences. 1 It’s an unusual bathroom. 2 Your parents are on the patio.3 How do you spell your surname, please? 4 Is there a wardrobe in the bedroom? 5 Can you repeat your postcode, please?
Vocabulary practice
1
Complete the puzzle.Leo and his family are at home. Which rooms are they in? 1 His mum is in the .
2 His dad is in the . 3 His sister is in the . 4 His brother is in the .
2
Match the parts of words in A and B and write the words. A B 1 bal ma 2 bed er 3 lap room 4 grand cony 5 hus ter 6 gar band 7 post top 8 sis den 1 balcony 2 3 4 5 6 7 8Mum, Dad, and the three children are in the house. Lucia is one of the three children.
Peter isn’t Leo’s dad. Isabel isn’t Leo’s sister. Max isn’t Leo’s brother.
Max is in the dining room. Lucia is in the bathroom. Peter is in the living room. Isabel is in the kitchen.
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2
Unit 2
Grammar reference
Present simple: afirmativa y negativa
AfirmativaI / You / We / They eat fruit. He / She / It eats fruit. Negativa
I / You / We / They don’t eat fruit. He / She / It doesn’t eat fruit. Usos
Empleamos el present simple para hablar acerca de costumbres o acciones repetidas.
I watch TV every day. He gets up at seven o’clock.
También empleamos el present simple para hablar de cosas permanentes o ciertas.
We live in France.
Elephants eat a lot of food.
La forma afirmativa en present simple se forma con el infinitivo sin to. Para formar la tercera persona de singular (he/she/it), añadimos -s o -es al verbo.
I clean – he cleans you go – she goes
Nota: Cuando los verbos terminan en -y, eliminamos la
-y y añadimos -ies. Cuando los verbos terminan en -sh o
-ch, añadimos -es.
you study – she studies they wash – it washes I teach – she teaches
Formamos oraciones negativas en present simple con
do not o does not + el infinitivo sin to. Normalmente, empleamos la forma breve don’t o doesn’t si hablamos o escribimos de manera informal.
I don’t eat fruit.
She doesn’t have breakfast.
Present simple: interrogativa y respuestas breves
Interrogativa Respuestas brevesDo I / you / we / they
eat fruit? Yes, I / you / we / they do.
No, I / you / we / they don’t. Does he / she /
it
eat fruit? Yes, he / she / it does.
No, he / she / it doesn’t. Usos
La forma interrogativa en present simple se utiliza para preguntar acerca de costumbres y acciones repetidas o descubrir si algo es permanente o cierto.
Do you do exercise? Does she live in the UK?
Empleamos do o does en respuestas afirmativas breves y don’t
o doesn’t en respuestas negativas breves.
Do they speak Spanish? Yes, they do.
Does he listen to music? No, he doesn’t.
En las Wh-questions, la partícula interrogativa se coloca al comienzo de la pregunta. En estas preguntas siempre empleamos do y does.
What do you eat? NO What you eat? When does she watch TV?
Present simple: partículas interrogativas
UsosEmpleamos what para pedir información concreta acerca de alguien/algo.
What is his name? What do you do?
Empleamos where para preguntar acerca de un lugar.
Where do they live?
Empleamos when/whattime para preguntar acerca de un momento.
When do you visit your grandparents? What time do you go to bed?
Empleamos who para preguntar acerca de una persona.
Who is your best friend?
Empleamos why para preguntar acerca de un motivo.
Why do you read comics?
Empleamos how often para preguntar acerca de la frecuencia.
How often does she wash her hair?
Empleamos which para preguntar acerca de una o más personas o cosas de un grupo concreto.
Which class does she do? Which teacher do you like?
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2
Present simple: questions and short answers
3
Complete the questions with Do or Does. Thencomplete the short answers.
Does he watch a lot of TV? No, hedoesn’t.
1 you play an instrument?
No, .
2 you and your family go to the beach in summer?
Yes, .
3 your house have a balcony?
No, .
4 she wash her hair every day?
Yes, .
5 they play computer games?
No, .
6 you get up early?
Yes, .
Present simple: question words
4
Write the questions. Use the correct question word for the information in bold.How often do you go shopping? I go shopping four times a month.
1 ?
They come from Japan.
2 ?
He plays computer games.
3 ?
My best friends are Tom and Lisa.
4 ?
She watches TV in the evening.
5 ?
Zara does exercise three times a week.
6 ?
I go to the cinema because I love films.
7 ?
I like the blue bag.
5
Choose the correct option. Then answer the questions. Who / What is your favourite singer?Ariana Grande
1 What time / How often do you hang out with your friends?
2 What time / Which do you get up on Sundays? 3 Why / Where do you like English?
4 What / Where do you do your homework? 5 When / Which is your birthday?
Grammar practice
Present simple: affirmative and negative
1
Complete the text with the affirmative or negativeform of the verbs in brackets.
2
Complete the pairs of sentences. Use the affirmative form of the verb in the first sentence and the negative in the second.(get up)
They get up at 6.30. They don’t get up at 7.30. 1 (read)
My sister books. She comics.
2 (listen)
They to pop music. They to classical music. 3 (teach) Mr Jones maths. He history. 4 (go) We cycling. We skateboarding. 5 (play) He the piano. He the violin. 6 (have)
I a shower in the morning.
I a bath.
Ava
follow
I live (live) in Brighton with my parents and my sister, Leonie. My dad (1) (not work) in an office. He’s a professional photographer and he (2) (take) photos of famous people. People (3) (use) his photos in magazines. My mum (4) (go) to school every day, but she (5) (not study). She’s a Spanish teacher. She (6) (love) her job. Leonie and I (7) (learn) Spanish at our school. Sometimes Mum (8) (try) to help us with our homework, but I (9) (not like) that. I (10) (want) to do it myself!
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2
Vocabulary reference
2.1 Rutinas diarias
brush your teeth (v) /ˌbrʌʃ ˌjɔː ˈtiːθ/ lavarse los dientes (v.) clean your room (v) /ˌkliːn ˌjɔː ˈruːm, limpiar el cuarto (v.)
ˈrʊm/
do exercise (v) /ˌduː ˈeksəsaɪz/ hacer deporte (v.) get changed (v) /ˌɡet ˈtʃeɪndʒd/ cambiarse (v.) get dressed (v) /ˌɡet ˈdrɛst/ vestirse (v.) get up early (v) /ˌɡet ˌʌp ˈɜːli/ levantarse
temprano (v.) go home (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈhəʊm/ irse a casa (v.) go to bed (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˌtu: ˈbed/ irse a la cama (v.) have breakfast (v) /ˌhæv ˈbrekfəst/ desayunar (v.) have lunch (v) /ˌhæv ˈlʌn(t)ʃ/ comer (v.) have a shower(v) /ˌhæv ə ˈʃaʊə(r)/ ducharse (v.) wash your hair (v) /ˌwɒʃ ˌjɔː hɛː/ lavarse el pelo (v.)
2.1 Más vocabulario
crumbs (n) /krʌmz/ migas (sust.) float (v) /fləʊt/ flotar (v.) gravity (n) /ˈɡrævɪti/ gravedad (sust.) miss (v) /mɪs/ echar de menos (v.) tie (v) /taɪ/ atar (v.)
waste (n) /weɪst/ residuos (sust.)
2.2 Actividades para el tiempo libre
chat online (v) /ˌtʃæt ɒnˈlaɪn/ hablar por Internet (v.) dance (v) /dɑːns/ bailar (v.)
do arts and crafts (v) /ˌduː ˈɑːts hacer proyectos
ˌænd ˈkrɑːfts/ artísticos y
manualidades (v.) do sports (v) /ˌduː ˈspɔːts/ practicar deporte (v.) go cycling (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈsaɪklɪŋ/ andar en bicicleta (v.) go shopping (v) /ˌɡəʊ ˈʃɒpɪŋ/ ir de compras (v.) go skateboarding (v) /ˌɡəʊ montar en
ˈskeɪtbɔːdɪŋ/ monopatín (v.)
hang out with friends (v) /ˌhæŋ quedar con los
ˌaʊt ˌwɪð ˈfrendz/ amigos/as (v.)
listen to music (v) /ˌlɪsn tə ˈmjuːzɪk/ escuchar música (v.) make videos (v) /ˌmeɪk ˈvɪdɪəʊz/ grabar vídeos (v.) play computer / online games (v) jugar al ordenador/
/ˌpleɪ kəmˈpjuːtə / ˈɒnˌlaɪn jugar por Internet
ˌɡeɪmz/ (v.)
play an instrument (v) /ˌpleɪ ən tocar un
ˈɪnstrəmənt/ instrumento (v.)
read books / comics (v) /ˌriːd ˈbʊks / leer libros/cómics
ˈkɒmɪks/ (v.)
watch films / TV (v) /ˌwɒtʃ ˈfɪlmz / ver películas/la
ˌtiː ˈviː/ tele (v.)
2.2 Más vocabulario
agree (v) /əˈgriː/ estar de acuerdo (v.) app (n) /æp/ aplicación (sust.) make-up (n) /ˈmeɪk ʌp/ maquillaje (sust.) the news (n) /ˌðə ˈnjuːz/ las noticias (sust.)
2.4 Expresiones útiles
Hacer planes
Pregunta
Are you free on Tuesday? ¿El martes estás libre? Do you want to go / play / do ...?
¿Quieres ir a / jugar a / hacer...?
What do you do on Wednesdays?
¿Qué haces los miércoles? What / How about Thursday evening?
¿Qué te parece/opinas del jueves por la tarde?
Respuesta That sounds good. Me parece bien. Sorry, I’m busy. I ... on ... Lo siento, estoy ocupado/a.
(Yo)... el/los... I play the piano on Wednesdays.
Los miércoles toco el piano. OK. Let’s meet at three o’clock.
2
2
Complete the puzzle and find the mystery word. 1 G E T 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 changed 2 online 3 your room 4 out with friends 5 books6 TV 7 your hair
The mystery word is .
Vocabulary practice
1
Complete the verbs with the correct group of letters. Then match them to the pictures.1 GET UP E ARLY D 2 B _ _ _ H YOUR TEETH 3 LI _ _ _ N TO MUSIC 4 READ C _ _ _ CS 5 DO EX _ _ _ ISE 6 DO ARTS AND CR _ _ _ S B C D A E F
3
Write alternate letters and make sentences. Are they true (T) or false (F) for you?IHMZAXKCEBVMISDYEROJS. I make videos. T 1 IXDIAQNBCHERAFTKHQOBMCE. 2 MQYEDTAUDOGAOSEFSGSHKJALTZEXBCOVAMRNDGIYNPG. 3 IPCOHYARTEOWNFLGIDNAECENVKECRXYIDBAMY. 4 WTEBDNOWAQRITMSJAKNSDZCPROAYFGTUSCAVTVSWCQHEOYOKL.
4
Translate the sentences.1 Do you want to go shopping on Saturday? 2 We have breakfast at eight o’clock. 3 Let’s meet at one o’clock.
4 How often do you make videos? 5 Are you free on Tuesday evening?
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Unit 3
3
Grammar reference
Adverbios de frecuencia
100%
80%
65%
50%
0%
siempre normalmente a menudo a veces nunca UsosEmpleamos adverbios de frecuencia para indicar la frecuencia con la que hacemos cosas.
Los adverbios de frecuencia siempre van detrás del verbo be.
I am always in the canteen at 12.45. Science lessons are usually interesting.
Sin embargo, los adverbios de frecuencia siempre anteceden a los otros verbos.
We sometimes watch TV before school. Harry never goes to bed early.
En las oraciones interrogativas, los adverbios de frecuencia siempre van detrás del sujeto.
Are maths lessons always difficult? Do you often go to the library at break?
like + -ing / sustantivo / pronombres objeto
I / You / We / They likelistening to music. He / She likes
I / You / We / They like
science lessons. He / She likes Do I / you / we / they like listening to music? Yes, I / You / We / They love it. Does he / she Yes, He / She
loves it. Do I / you / we / they
like science lessons?
Yes, I / You / We / They love them. Does he / she Yes, He / She
loves them. Usos
Empleamos like + -ing/sustantivo para decir que disfrutamos de algo.
I like swimming.
He likes exciting sports.
Para responder a las oraciones interrogativas de Do you like…, no repetimos la forma -ing/sustantivo. Cuando el objeto de la pregunta es singular, empleamos it. Cuando es plural, empleamos them.
Do you like swimming? Yes, I love it.
Do you like exciting sports? Yes, I love them.
También podemos decir cuánto nos gusta (o no) algo.
I’m crazy about judo. I love judo.
I like judo. I don’t mind judo. I hate judo. I can’t stand judo.
like + -ing / noun
3
Complete the sentences with the -ing form of the verbs in brackets.I like studying (study) in the library. 1 My sister doesn’t like (read). 2 You like (play) hockey. 3 Do they like (speak) English? 4 Max doesn’t like (chat) online. 5 Do you like (wear) goggles? 6 I like (do) maths.
7 We don’t like (clean) our room.
4
Complete the dialogues. Use Do or Does in the questions and it or them in the answers.Do you like basketball? No, I don’t. I can’t stand it.
1 your parents like dogs? Yes, they love .
2 your uncle like team sports? No, he doesn’t like .
3 you and your friends like hanging out in the park?
Yes, we love . 4 you like ICT lessons?
No, I don’t. I hate . 5 Harry like scary films?
He doesn’t mind . 6 your sister like music?
Yes, she does. She’s crazy about .
Grammar practice
Adverbs of frequency
1
Write the words in the correct order. goes / Jenny / often / to the cinemaJenny often goes to the cinema.
1 boring / Computer games / sometimes / are 2 never / get up early / We / on Sundays 3 on Mondays / is / Football practice / always 4 have breakfast / You / never / in the morning 5 usually / am / I / at lunchtime / hungry 6 listen to / often / music? / you / Do
2
Write sentences about Sarah. Use the correct adverbs of frequency.3
Name:
Sarah Bright
General1 is late for school English
2 listens in class ICT
3 concentrates in lessons
4 goes to the ICT suite at lunchtime History
5 forgets her homework PE
6 misses hockey practice 7 is in the school hockey team
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
She is sometimes late for school. 100% 80% 65% 50% 0% 50% 65%
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3
Vocabulary reference
3.1 La escuela
basketball court (n) pista de baloncesto
/ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl kɔːt/ (sust.)
canteen (n) /kænˈtiːn/ cafetería changing room (n) vestuario (sust.)
/ˈtʃeɪndʒɪŋ ˌruːm, ˌrʊm/
corridor (n) /ˈkɒrɪdɔː/ pasillo (sust.)
football pitch (n) /ˈfʊtbɔːl /ˌpɪtʃ/ campo de fútbol (sust.) head teacher (n) /ˌhed ˈtiːtʃə(r)/ director/a (sust.) ICT suite (n) /ˌaɪˌsiːˈtiː ˌswiːt/ aula de informática
(sust.)
library (n) /ˈlaɪbrəri/ biblioteca (sust.) playground (n) /ˈpleɪɡraʊnd/ patio (sust.) playing fields (n) /ˈpleɪɪŋ ˌfiːldz/ canchas (sust.) reception (n) /rɪˈsepʃ(ə)n/ recepción (sust.) receptionist (n) /rɪˈsepʃ(ə)nɪst/ recepcionista (sust.) science lab (n) /ˈsaɪəns ˌlæb/ laboratorio (sust.) sports coach (n) /ˈspɔːts ˌkəʊtʃ/ entrenador/a (sust.) sports hall (n) /ˈspɔːts ˌhɔːl/ gimnasio (sust.) timetable (n) /ˈtaɪmteɪb(ə)l/ horario (sust.)
3.1 Más vocabulario
bell (n) /bel/ timbre (sust.) break (n) /breɪk/ descanso (sust.) dream (n) /driːm/ sueño (sust.) facilities (n) /fəˈsɪlɪtiz/ instalaciones (sust.) hungry (adj) /ˈhʌŋɡri/ hambriento/a (adj.) matches (n) /ˈmæʧɪz/ partidos (sust.)
3.2 Deportes y equipamiento
basketball (n) /ˈbɑːskɪtbɔːl/ baloncesto (sust.) belt (n) /belt/ cinturón (sust.) goggles (n) /ˈɡɒɡlz/ gafas de natación
(sust.) hockey (n) /ˈhɒki/ hockey (sust.) hoop (n) /huːp/ canasta (sust.) ice skating (n) /ˈaɪs ˌskeɪtɪŋ/ patinaje sobre hielo
(sust.) judo (n) /ˈdʒuːdəʊ/ yudo (sust.) racket (n) /ˈrækɪt/ raqueta (sust.) running (n) /ˈrʌnɪŋ/ salir a correr (v.) scuba diving (n) /ˈskuːbə ˌdaɪvɪŋ/ buceo (sust.) skates (n) /skeɪts/ patines (sust.) stick (n) /stɪk/ palo (sust.) swimming (n) /ˈswɪmɪŋ/ natación (sust.) tennis (n) /ˈtenɪs/ tenis (sust.) trainers (n) /ˈtreɪnəz/ deportivas (sust.) wetsuit (n) /ˈwetsuːt/ traje de buzo (sust.)
3.2 Más vocabulario
can’t stand (v) /ˌkɑːnt ˈstænd/ no soportar (v.) hate (v) /heɪt/ odiar (v.) love (v) /lʌv/ encantar (v.) (not) be crazy about (v. + adj. + (no) me emociona/
prep.)/ˌ(nɒt) ˌbiː ˈkreɪzi əˌbaʊt/ me encanta (not) like (v) /ˌ(nɒt) ˈlaɪk/ (no) me gusta (v.) not mind (v) /ˌnɒt ˈmaɪnd/ me da igual (v.)
3.4 Expresiones útiles
Hacer sugerencias
How about going to the cinema? Qué te parece ir al cine?
Let’s do a puzzle.
Vamos a hacer un rompecabezas. Shall we go for a bike ride?
¿Te apetece ir a dar una vuelta en bicicleta? Why don’t we go out for a milkshake?
¿Por qué no vamos por ahí a tomar un batido?
Dar opiniones
That’s a good / terrible idea. Qué idea tan buena / mala. That sounds good / fun. Suena bien / divertido. I’m not sure about that. No lo tengo muy claro.
No, (thanks!) I don’t want to do that. No, (gracias). No quiero hacerlo. I can’t. I haven’t got a / an / any ... No puedo. No tengo un / a / ningún/a... I don’t think that’s a good idea.
basketball court playground playing fields science lab
2 – 9 – 3
bell – break – hang out = playground
1 5 – 1 – 11 – – = 2 7 – 4 – 10 – – = 3 12 – 8 – 6 – – =
2
Write the letters in the correct order and then complete the words.3
Complete the puzzle and find the mystery word.Vocabulary practice
1
Read the codes and write the words. Then match the words to the places in the box.3
The mystery word is .
4
Translate the sentences. 1 I’m crazy about running. 2 Shall we go to the canteen? 3 He doesn’t like hockey. 4 Let’s look at the timetable. 5 How about going ice skating?1 2 3 4 6 5 7 1 S T I C K 2 3 4 5 6 7 1
hoop
2bell
3hang out
4goggles
5basketball
6matches
8hockey
10teacher
9break
7facilities
11running
12stick
1 ice 2 sports 3 scuba 4 ICT suite 5 head 6 room = suite u t e s i = = = h a c t e r e = = c o h c v n g i i d a n k s g a t i h c a n n g i g94
4
Unit 4
Grammar reference
Adjetivos comparativos
Reglas de ortografía Adjetivo Comparativo Adjetivos breves
Se añade -er
fast faster Adjetivos breves que terminan en -e
Se añade -r
safe safer Adjetivos breves que terminan con una vocal y una
consonante
big bigger Adjetivos con terminación en -y
Se elimina -y y se añade -ier
scary scarier Adjetivos largos
Se añade more antes del adjetivo
dangerous more dangerous Adjetivos irregulares
¡Memoriza las formas!
good bad
better worse Usos
Empleamos los adjetivos comparativos para comparar a dos personas, lugares o cosas. A menudo empleamos than después de los adjetivos comparativos.
I’m older than you.
London is bigger than Madrid.
Books are more interesting than films.
Adjetivos superlativos
Reglas de ortografía Adjetivo Comparativo
Adjetivos breves Se añade -est
fast fastest Adjetivos breves que terminan en -e
Se añade -st
safe safest
Adjetivos breves que terminan en una vocal y una consonante
big biggest Adjetivos con terminación en -y
Se elimina -y y se añade -iest
scary scariest Adjetivos largos
Se añade most antes del adjetivo
dangerous most dangerous Adjetivos irregulares
¡Memoriza las formas!
good bad
best worst Usos
Empleamos adjetivos superlativos para comparar a una persona, lugar o cosa con dos o más personas, lugares o cosas.
Empleamos the antes de los adjetivos superlativos.
I’m the youngest person in my family. Galicia is the wettest region in Spain. Maths is the most difficult subject I study.
4
4
Complete the text. Use the and the superlative form of the adjectives in brackets.Grammar practice
Comparing two things
1
Write the comparative adjectives. cheap cheaper 1 long 2 dry 3 beautiful 4 hot 5 good 6 fast 7 safe 8 interesting 9 cold 10 bad2
Complete the sentences. Use the comparative form of the adjectives in brackets and than.Hockey is more exciting than judo. (exciting)
1 The Ebro is
the Guadalquivir. (long)
2 Our sports hall is the canteen. (big)
3 Books are magazines. (expensive)
4 Roller coasters are water slides. (scary)
5 My chair is yours.
(comfortable)
6 I’m you at maths. (bad) 7 Chinese is English.
(difficult)
8 Walking is cycling. (slow) 9 April is August. (wet) 10 Today is yesterday. (warm)
Comparing more than two things
3
Write the superlative adjectives.small the smallest
1 strange 2 big 3 short 4 sunny 5 bad 6 boring 7 fantastic 8 windy 9 old 10 high
Spain is one of the largest (large) countries in Europe. In addition to its exciting capital, Madrid, here are nine of (1) (popular) cities to visit.
BARCELONA – the architecture of Antoni Gaudí is some of (2) (unusual) in the
country.
BILBAO – one of (3) (good)
things to visit here is the fantastic Guggenheim Museum.
CÁDIZ – this is (4) (old)
city in Western Europe.
CÓRDOBA – the Mezquita is one of
(5) (interesting) places to
visit here.
GRANADA – (6) (cold)
months in this city are December, January and February.
SALAMANCA – one of (7)
(beautiful) cities in Spain.
SAN SEBASTIÁN – this is the food capital of Europe, so its restaurants aren’t (8)
(cheap)!
SEVILLE – in summer, this is often
(9) (hot) city in Europe.
VALENCIA – the home of paella,
(10) (famous) Spanish dish
in the world.
Search
Spain
Facts about96
4
Vocabulary reference
4.1 Adjetivos
boring (adj) /ˈbɔːrɪŋ/ aburrido/a (adj.) cheap (adj) /tʃiːp/ barato/a (adj.) crowded (adj) /ˈkraʊdɪd/ abarrotado/a (adj.) dangerous (adj) /ˈdeɪnʤrəs/ peligroso/a (adj.) exciting (adj) /ɪkˈsaɪtɪŋ/ emocionante (adj.) expensive (adj) /ɪkˈspensɪv/ caro/a (adj.) fast (adj) /fɑːst/ rápido/a (adj.) long (adj) /lɒŋ/ largo/a (adj.) quiet (adj) /ˈkwaɪət/ silencioso/a (adj.) safe (adj) /seɪf/ seguro/a (adj.) short (adj) /ʃɔːt/ corto/a (adj.) slow (adj) /sləʊ/ lento/a (adj.)
4.1 Más vocabulario
passengers (n) /ˈpæsɪnʤəz/ pasajeros (sust.) queue (n) /kjuː/ cola (sust.) ride (n) /raɪd/ trayecto (sust.) scary (adj) /ˈskeəri/ siniestro/a (adj.) trip (n) /trɪp/ viaje (sust.)
4.2 Adjetivos relacionados con el tiempo
cold (adj) /kəʊld/ frío/a (adj.) cloudy (adj) /ˈklaʊdi/ nublado/a (adj.) dry (adj) /draɪ/ seco/a (adj.) foggy (adj) /ˈfɒɡi/ neblinoso/a (adj.) hot (adj) /hɒt/ caluroso/a (adj.) icy (adj) /ˈaɪsi/ helado/a (adj.) rainy (adj) /ˈreɪni/ lluvioso/a (adj.) snowy (adj) /ˈsnəʊi/ nevado/a (adj.) stormy (adj) /ˈstɔːmi/ tormentoso/a (adj.) sunny (adj) /ˈsʌni/ soleado/a (adj.) warm (adj) /wɔːm/ cálido/a (adj.) wet (adj) /wet/ húmedo/a (adj.) windy (adj) /ˈwɪndi/ ventoso/a (adj.)
4.2 Más vocabulario
cloud (n) /klaʊd/ nube (sust.) fog (n) /fɒɡ/ niebla (sust.) ice (n) /aɪs/ hielo (sust.) rain (n) /reɪn/ lluvia (sust.) snow (n) /snəʊ/ nieve (sust.)
storm / thunderstorm (n) tormenta / temporal
/stɔːm / ˈθʌndəstɔːm/ (sust.)
sun (n) /sʌn/ sol (sust.) wind (n) /wɪnd/ viento (sust.)
4.4 Expresiones útiles
Pedir información para un viaje
Vendedor/a de billetes Can I help you?
¿Puedo ayudarlo/a? Single or return? ¿Solo ida o ida y vuelta? A return ticket is £5.85.
El billete de ida y vuelta vale 5,85 libras. It leaves from platform / bay ….
Sale del andén / área de estacionamiento... It takes ….
Tarda...
There’s a bus every 15 minutes. Hay un bus cada 15 minutos. Cliente
I’d like a ticket for the next bus / train to London, please. Quiero un billete para el próximo bus / tren para Londres, por favor.
How much is a ticket / are the tickets?
¿Cuánto vale un billete? / ¿Cuánto valen los billetes? Where does the London train / bus leave from? ¿De dónde sale el tren / bus a Londres? How long does the journey take? ¿Cuánto dura el trayecto?
How often is there a bus / train to …? ¿Con qué frecuencia hay buses / trenes a...?
4
3
Complete the table with weather nouns or adjectives.Adjectives Nouns 1 cloudy cloud 2 foggy 3 ice 4 rainy 5 storm 6 snowy 7 sun 8 wind
4
Translate the sentences. 1 Thunderstorms are scary. 2 Planes are faster than trains. 3 The hottest month is August. 4 This is the most exciting ride.5 Where does the London bus leave from?
Vocabulary practice
1
Look at the picture and choose the correct option.2
Complete the puzzle and find the mystery word.1 E X P E N S I V E 2 3 4 5 6 1 cheap ≠ 2 slow ≠ 3 long ≠ 4 exciting ≠ 5 cold ≠ 6 wet ≠
The mystery word is .
expensive
It’s a cloudy / sunny day at the theme park. The man in the yellow T-shirt looks very (1) dangerous /
hot. There’s a (2) queue / trip of
children in front of him. They’re waiting to get on a (3) ride / cloud.
It looks (4) slow / fast and exciting.
The two (5) passengers / storms
on it at the moment are getting
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5
Unit 5
Grammar reference
Present continuous: afirmativa y negativa
Sujeto + be (not) + -forma -ing del verboAfirmativa Negativa
I’m talking. I’m not talking. You’re talking. You aren’t talking. He’s talking. He isn’t talking. She’s talking. She isn’t talking. It’s talking. It isn’t talking. We’re talking. We aren’t talking. They’re talking. They aren’t talking. Nota: Forma -ing de los verbos
Con la mayor parte de verbos, añadimos -ing.
play – playing
Con verbos que terminan en -e, eliminamos la -e y añadimos -ing.
dive – diving write – writing
Con verbos que terminan en vocal + consonante, doblamos la consonante y añadimos -ing.
sit – sitting swim – swimming
Usos
Empleamos el present continuous para hablar acerca de acciones en progreso.
I’m watching TV. He’s writing an email. They’re playing hockey.
Present continuous: interrogativa
be + sujeto + forma -ing del verbo
Interrogativa Respuestas breves
Am I talking? Yes, I am. No, I’m not. Are you talking? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t. Is he talking? Yes, he is. No, he isn’t. Is she talking? Yes, she is. No, she isn’t. Is it talking? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t. Are we talking? Yes, we are. No, we aren’t. Are they talking? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Wh- questions
What are you doing? I’m playing computer games. Usos
Las oraciones interrogativas en present continuous se emplean para preguntar acerca de acciones en progreso. Nota: Para las respuestas breves, solo empleamos el verbo
be, no la forma -ing. ‘Are you studying?’ ‘Yes, I am.’
‘Is he watching TV?’ ‘No, he isn’t.’
Present continuous y present simple
UsosPresent continuous = acciones en progreso
Present simple = rutinas o acciones repetidas. A menudo incluimos now o atthe moment en oraciones en present continuous.
We’re having dinner now.
What are you doing at the moment?
A menudo incluimos adverbios de frecuencia en oraciones en present simple.
We often have dinner at 7 p.m. What do you usually do on Saturdays?
Nota: Algunos verbos nunca se emplean en forma continua, por ejemplo: think, like, love, hate, want. I think sport is fun. NO I’m thinking sport is fun. We like football. NO We’re liking football.
5
Present continuous and present simple
4
Complete the pairs of sentences with the presentcontinuous and the present simple form of the verbs in brackets.
(play)
My brother plays football three times a week. He’s playing in a match now.
1 (read)
I a great book right now.
Sometimes I five books in a week. 2 (build)
Jack models as a hobby.
He a model plane at the moment. 3 (study)
It’s 7.30 p.m. and Naomi in her room. She every evening. 4 (not watch)
My parents TV right now. They TV during the day. 5 (listen)
We to music in the classroom at the moment. I usually to it at home.
5
Complete the sentences with the presentcontinuous or present simple form of the verbs in brackets.
Where’s Liam?
He’s running (run) in the park.
1 I often (see) Martin at the weekend.
2 Sometimes I (not have) breakfast. 3 Dad isn’t here. He (work) in
London.
4 How often (you / do) sports? 5 My parents never (carry)
backpacks.
6 What (you / write) at the moment?
7 We (clean) our room right now. 8 My brother (like) team sports. 9 Look at the dog! It (sleep) on the
sofa.
10 I (not wear) sunscreen at the moment.
Grammar practice
Present continuous: affirmative and
negative
1
Complete the sentences with the present continuous form of the verbs.You’re painting (paint) a picture. 1 He (wear) a wetsuit. 2 We (use) a compass. 3 I (read) a magazine. 4 She (sit) on the desk. 5 You (swim) in the lake. 6 It (rain) at the moment. 7 They (chat) online.
2
Rewrite the sentences in exercise 1 in the negative.You aren’t painting a picture.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Present continuous: questions
3
Complete the present continuous questions and short answers.Is she painting (she / paint) a picture? Yes, she is.
1 (you / have) breakfast?
No, .
2 (they / play) video games?
Yes, .
3 (he / speak) Chinese?
No, .
4 (you / take) a photo?
Yes, .
5 (you and Mark / watch) a film?
100
5
Vocabulary reference
5.1 Equipamiento de aventura
backpack (n) /ˈbækpæk/ mochila (sust.) binoculars (n) /bɪˈnɒkjələz/ prismáticos (sust.) compass (n) /ˈkʌmpəs/ brújula (sust.) first-aid kit (n) /ˌfɜːst ˈeɪd ˌkɪt/ botiquín de primeros
auxilios (sust.) insect repellent (n) /ˈɪnsekt rɪˌpelənt/ repelente de
insectos (sust.) map (n) /mæp/ mapa (sust.)
sleeping bag (n) /ˈsliːpɪŋ ˌbæɡ/ saco de dormir (sust.) sunscreen (n) /ˈsʌnskriːn/ crema solar (sust.) tent (n) /tent/ tienda (sust.) tools (n) /tuːlz/ herramientas (sust.) torch (n) /tɔːtʃ/ linterna (sust.) waterproof jacket (n) /ˌwɔːtəpruːf chaqueta
ˈdʒækɪt/ impermeable (sust.)
5.1 Más vocabulario
ancestor (n) /ˈænsestə/ ancestro (sust.) dawn (n) /dɔːn/ amanecer (sust.) journey (n) /ˈʤɜːni/ viaje (sust.) kind (adj) /kaɪnd/ amable (adj.) truck (n) /trʌk/ camión (sust.)
5.2 Verbos
act (on stage) (v) /ˌækt (ɒn ˈsteɪʤ)/ actuar (en un escenario) (v.) build (a model) (v) /ˌbɪld (ə ˈmɒdl)/ construir (una
maqueta) (v.) edit (a film) (v) /ˈedɪt (ə ˌfɪlm)/ editar (una
película) (v.)
paint (a picture) (v) /ˌpeɪnt pintar (un cuadro) (v.)
(ə ˈpɪkʧə)/
perform (on stage) (v) /pəˈfɔːm representar (en un
(ɒn ˈsteɪʤ)/ escenario) (v.)
post (a video online) (v) publicar (un vídeo en
/ˌpəʊst (ə ˈvɪdɪəʊ ˈɒnˌlaɪn)/ Internet) (v.)
score (a goal) (v) /ˌskɔːr (ə ˈgəʊl)/ marcar (un gol) (v.) sing (in a band) (v) /ˌsɪŋ (ɪn ə ˈbænd)/ cantar (en un
grupo) (v.)
take (a photo) (v) /ˌteɪk (ə ˈfəʊtəʊ)/ sacar (una foto) (v.) win (a competition) (v) ganar (una
/ˌwɪn (ə ˌkɒmpɪˈtɪʃən)/ competición) (v.)
5.2 Más vocabulario
annual (adj) /ˈænjʊəl/ anual (adj.) character (n) /ˈkærɪktə/ personaje (sust.) collection (n) /kəˈlekʃən/ colección (sust.) guitarist (n) /gɪˈtɑːrɪst/ guitarrista (sust.) national (adj) /ˈnæʃənl/ nacional (adj.)
5.4 Expresiones útiles
Pedir comida y bebida
Camarero/a What can I get you? ¿Qué le puedo traer?
Would you like any sides with that? ¿Quiere alguna guarnición con su comida? What would you like to drink?
¿Qué le apetece beber? That’s (£4.99).
Son (4,99 libras). Cliente
Can I have a / an / some …, please? ¿Puede traerme un / una..., por favor? I’ll have a / an / some …
Yo tomaré un / una / un poco de... I’d like a / an / some …
Para mí un / una / un poco de... How much is that?
5
3
Complete the puzzle.1 objects we use to make or repair things
t o o l s
2 a person who plays the guitar
3 happening once a year
4 an object we use to navigate
5 you a photo with a camera
Now write the letters and make another word from the unit. 1 (letter 1) t 2 (letter 6) 3 (letter 4) 4 (letter 1) 5 (letter 3)
The new word is .
4
Translate the sentences. 1 He’s building a model.2 I’m wearing a waterproof jacket. 3 Can I have a chicken burger, please? 4 Would you like any chips with that? 5 I’ll have a milkshake.
Vocabulary practice
1
Complete the words with the correct group of letters. Then match them to the pictures.1 T ORC H D 2 B I N L A R S 3 S U N E E N 4 I N T R E P E L L E N T 5 F T-A I D K I T 6 S L E N G B A G
2
Find five verbs in the wordsearch (→ or ↓). Then write them in the correct place.E P A I N T P A W O M A O S I D I C S F N C U T T O S I N G D S C O R E act on stage 1 a competition 2 a goal 3 a video online 4 in a band 5 a picture A B C D E F
102
Unit 6
6
Grammar reference
can / can’t para permiso y habilidad
AfirmativaI / You / He / She / It / We / They
can go to the cinema tonight. Negativa
I / You / He / She / It / We / They
can’t wear trainers to school. Interrogativa Respuestas breves Can I / you / he / she /
it / we / they
go out? Yes, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can. No, I / you / he / she / it / we / they can’t. Usos
Empleamos can/can’t para hablar de permiso y habilidad. Permiso Habilidad
Can I open the window? I can speak English.
He can’t go to the party. Can you play an instrument?
Nota: Siempre empleamos el infinitivo sin to con can/can’t.
He can ride a bike. NO He can to ride a bike.
must / mustn’t para obligación y prohibición
Afirmativa I / You / He / She / It / We / They must go home at 10 p.m. Negativa I / You / He / She / It / We / Theymustn’t be late for school. Usos
Utilizamos must / mustn’t para expresar obligación o prohibición.
Obligación Prohibición
I must get up at 6.45 a.m. You mustn’t take photos in the pool.
They must wear uniform. We mustn’t use our phones in class.
Nota: Siempre empleamos el infinitivo sin to con must y
mustn’t.
You must wear goggles. NO You mustn’t to wear goggles.
Sustantivos contables e incontables: some,
any, much, many, a lot of
Sustantivoscontables (plurales) Sustantivos incontables Afirmativa There are some /
a lot of chips.
There’s some / a lot of water. Negativa There aren’t any /
many books.
There isn’t any / much rice. Interrogativa How many
people are there? There are … How much bread is there? There’s … Are there any people? Yes, there are. No, there aren’t. Is there any bread? Yes, there is. No, there isn’t. Nota: Los sustantivos contables tienen forma singular y plural, pero los sustantivos incontables solo tienen forma singular. No empleamos a/an o números con los sustantivos incontables.
Sustantivos contables Sustantivos incontables
a chair two chairs beef two beefs an onion four onions fruit three fruits
Usos
Empleamos some, any y a lot of con los sustantivos contables plurales y los sustantivos incontables.
Empleamos some en oraciones afirmativas para indicar que hay una cantidad indefinida de algo.
There are some people in the room. There’s some food on the table.
Empleamos a lot of en oraciones afirmativas para indicar que hay una gran cantidad de algo.
There are a lot of magazines. There’s a lot of bread.
Empleamos any en oraciones negativas e interrogativas.
There aren’t any pens. Are there any pens? There isn’t any water. Is there any water?
Empleamos many en oraciones negativas con sustantivos contables en plural.
There aren’t many spices.
Empleamos much en oraciones negativas con sustantivos incontables.
