UNIT 1_MATTERANDENERGY_GUIDED NOTES.pdf

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1 STATES OF MATTER AND PHASE CHANGES

I. What is Chemistry?

A. Chemistry is the study of _______________________

 Composition



 Properties

 Changes that matter undergoes B. What is Matter?

 Definition: it is anything that has a ____________________ and _____________________ _____ _______________________

II. States of Matter

A. Kinetic Theory: all matter consists of tiny particles that are in

____________________ ________________________

 The particles of solids, liquids, and gases are __________________ moving!

 Kinetic Energy

 Temperature a measure of the average ____________________________ _______________________ of the particles in an object.

B. PhET Simulation: https://phet.colorado.edu/en/simulation/states-of-matter-basics

Compare and Contrast the States of Matter using the simulation. Write

down some quick observations.

SOLID LIQUID GAS

Particle Arrangement

Particle movement

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C. The 3 MAIN STATES OF MATTER: Solids, Liquids, and Gases

 SOLIDS

PARTICLE ARRANGEMENT PARTICLE MOTION

 Tightly compacted particles

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

 Particles ____________________ in a fixed position.

o

 LIQUIDS



 The particles ___________________ past one another.

o It is a fluid-

o Move from place to place

Drawing: the particles of a SOLID

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3  GASES



 The particles are spread out-

 The particles move ________________ ________________ and from place to

place.

o It is a fluid-

D. Summary: States of Matter

 MOTION (speed and distance travelled):

o SOLID LIQUID GAS

 SPACE BETWEEN PARTICLES:

o SOLID LIQUID GAS

 AMOUNT OF KINETIC ENERGY (energy of motion)

o SOLID LIQUID GAS

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III. PHASE CHANGES- changes in state of matter

A. Types of Phase Changes

 SOLID to LIQUID 

 LIQUID to SOLID 

 LIQUID to GAS 

 GAS to LIQUID 

 SOLID to GAS 

o Dry Ice, mothballs, etc.

 GAS to SOLID 

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5 INTRODUCTION TO ENERGY AND PHASE CHANGES

I. Changes in Matter and Energy

A. Matter cannot be __________________________________ or

__________________________

 However it can be ________________________________________! B. Energy:

 Energy is always involved in _____________________________ and __________________________________ changes.

 Energy can take several forms: ____________________________, light, chemical, etc.

 Measured in ____________________________, Calories (kcal), and ________________

C. Law of Conservation of Energy

 Energy can be _______________________________ or __________________________, but it cannot be created or

________________________________________through ordinary

chemical reaction

 Energy can be ____________________________________

 Flows from _____________________ concentration to _______________ concentrations.

D. Exothermic and Endothermic Processes

 Exothermic: energy is _________________________________

 A process or reaction that ____________________________ energy in the form of heat.

 Endothermic: energy is __________________________________

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6  Phase Changes: Endothermic or Exothermic?

PHASE CHANGES ENDOTHERMIC (absorbs

energy)

EXOTHERMIC (releases

energy) FREEZING

MELTING

EVAPORTAION

CONDENSATION

SUBLIMATION

DEPOSITION

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7 THE CLASSIFICATION OF MATTER

I. Background information: ATOMS

A. Definition: the _____________________________ unit of an element that maintains

the _________________________________ of

the element.

B.

 All matter is made of atoms!

C. Atoms contain:

 - nucleus

 Neutrons (neutral)-

 - electron cloud

II. Classification of Matter: Pure Substances

A. Substances: a substance is something that has a _______________________ composition (one that doesn’t change- it is fixed).

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8 B. Substances- ELEMENTS

 Element: a substance that ______________________ be separated or

_________________ ________________ into ____________________

substances by chemical means.

i. Listed on the Periodic Table of Elements!

 Can exist as a SINGLE ATOM or as a

_________________________________

i. Molecules: the smallest unit of a substance that keeps all of the

__________________ and __________________ properties of that

substance. (

)

 Element Examples…

SINGLE ATOMS… MOLEUCLES (1 or more atoms bonded together)…

Iron ( )

Helium ( )

Oxygen ( )

Iodine ( )

 More examples of elements

i. Anything on the periodic table!

ii. Chlorine-

iii. – S

iv. Copper-

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9 C. Substances- COMPOUNDS

 Compound: a substance made up of __________________ of _________ or

more _____________________________ elements joined by chemical

bonds.

i. Compounds CAN be broken down into simper substances by

_________________________ means.

ii. A compound’s properties are different from their component

____________________________________

 Examples of Compounds

i. Salt -

ii. Copper (II) Chloride –

iii. - C12H22O11

D. The difference between Compounds and Molecules

 Molecules  2 or more atoms

 Compound  2 or more DIFFERENT ATOMS.

 ALL compounds are ________________________

i. Not all ______________________________ are compounds

Compounds

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10 E. Distinguishing between elements and compounds

 Main difference  compounds can be ______________________ down but

elements cannot!

 Distinguishing based on formula

i. Elements- Only contain __________________ capitol letter in their

symbols/formula

ii. Compound will always have at least __________ capitol letter in their

formula!

 Distinguishing based on particle diagrams

ELEMENTS COMPOUNDS

Na

Atoms of ONE element

NaCl

Atoms of 2 different elements bonded

together Cl2

Atoms of ONE element

III. Classification of Matter: Mixtures

A. Mixture:

 It is a PHYSICAL blend.

 Mixtures can be made of different element and/or compounds

 Mixtures can be separated by ____________________________ means.

i. Ex. Salt water (water can be evaporated away and you are left with

salt)

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11 B. Types of Mixtures: homogeneous and heterogeneous

 Homogeneous: a mixture with a _________________________

_____________________________ throughout.

i. Homo means

ii. Also called a solution

iii. Ex)

 Heterogeneous: a mixture that does NOT have a ___________________

composition throughout.

i.

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12 M ATTE R D efin ite Co m p o siti o n Var iab le Co m p o siti o n Si m plest fo rm o f m att e r t ha t has uni que pro pe rtie s M o lecules that c o n tain at leas t 2 dif ferent ato m s N o n -u n ifo rm Un ifo rm c o m p o siti o n ; also call

ed a s

o

lu

ti

o