1- Classification - PPT slides

(1)

Classification

Biological Levels of Hierarchy

Prokaryote & Eukaryote

(2)

Levels of Biological Organization



A hierarchy shows more diverse (broader)

levels at the top with more precise levels

below



Biological hierarchy can be divided into 12

(3)

Activity: Biological Organization

(4)



Alphabetical List



Atom



Cell



Community



Ecosystem



Molecule



Organ



Organ system



Organelle



Organism



Population



Subatomic



Tissue

(5)



Alphabetical List



Atom



Cell



Community



Ecosystem



Molecule



Organ



Organ system



Organelle



Organism



Population



Subatomic



Tissue



Hierarchical Order



Ecosystem



Community



Population



Organism



Organ system

(6)



Ecosystem



Community



Population



Organism



Organ system



Organ



Tissue



Cell



Organelle



Molecule



Atom



Subatomic

Ecology

Chemistry

6 levels specific to

(7)

(8)

Archea & Bacteria Protist

Prokaryote Eukaryote

Organism

Fungi, Plant, Animal

(9)

Activity: Prokaryote Eukaryote

(10)



unicellular organisms



no cell nucleus



no membrane-bound

organelles

(11)

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Prokaryote Eukaryote Name Before nucleus

Nucleus Absent Organelles Absent

Evolution 3.5 billion years ago Cell size Smaller

(12)

Prokaryote

(13)

Location of genetic information

DNA structure

Reproductive strategy

(14)

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Nucleoid region (recall: no nucleus)

DNA structure Circular

Reproductive

strategy Mainly asexual

Oxygen requirement

Anaerobic

(15)

Eukaryotic Cells



much larger



contain a nucleus



Contain

membrane-bound organelles



includes all protists,

(16)

Prokaryote Eukaryote Name Before nucleus True nucleus Nucleus Absent Present Organelles Absent Present

Evolution 3.5 billion years ago 1.5 billion years ago Cell size Smaller Larger

(17)

Prokaryote and Eukaryote

Nucleoid region (recall: no nucleus)

DNA structure Circular

Reproductive

strategy Mainly asexual

Oxygen requirement

Anaerobic

(18)

Nucleoid region

(recall: no nucleus) Nucleus

DNA structure Circular Linear

Reproductive

strategy Mainly asexual Sexual

Oxygen requirement

Anaerobic

(not need oxygen for metabolism)

(19)

Organism

Fungi, Plant, Animal

Classification of Cells

(20)

Prokaryote Kingdom: Bacteria



Common Bacterial Structure



Has a cell wall and cell membrane



3 main shapes



Sphere



Rod



spiral

(21)

archaea

e. coli bacteria

Prokaryote Kingdom: Archaea



Structurally similar to bacteria



But thrive in harsh conditions:



Temperature: hot springs, ice sheets



Salt pools



pH: acidic water



Oxygen: low

(22)

http://fc2.sd23.bc.ca/~mbirkela/FOV1-000ABDA6/S0A59B017.8/protist_kingdom.jpg

Eukaryote

Kingdom

Protist



Video: Protist

Biology

 (watch the first 2:39)

(23)

Eukaryote Kingdom Protist

Body form

Cell wall

Motility

Nutrition

Photosynthesis: involving the sun to make sugar Ingestion: taking in food through an orifice or wrapping membrane around the food

Absorption: taking in substances through the cell membrane (via diffusion or osmosis)

(24)

Eukaryote Kingdom Protist

Body form

Uni & multicellular

Cell wall

Present in some

Motility

Present in some

Nutrition

photosynthesis, ingestion,

absorption

(25)

Eukaryote Kingdom Fungi

Example: Unicellular Yeast



Planet Wild: Fungi

(2:46)

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_rp

(26)

Example: Multicellular Fungi



Fungi on decomposing melon

(27)

Example: Multicellular Fungi



Sporangia of

an unidentified

food-spoilage

mould fungus



Sporangia are

the organs in

which asexual

spores are

produced

(28)

Example: Multicellular Fungi



Time lapsed photography:



Fungus growing on dung

(29)

Body form

Cell wall

Motility

Nutrition

(30)

Body form

Uni & multicellular

Cell wall

Present

Motility

Absent

Nutrition

Absorption

(31)

Organism

Single Cellular Single Cellular

Fungi*, Plant, Animal

Classification of Cells

(32)

Eukaryote Kingdom Plant

Body form

Cell wall

Motility

Nutrition

(33)

Eukaryote Kingdom Plant

Body form

Multicellular

Cell wall

Present

Motility

Absent

Nutrition

Photosynthesis

(34)

Eukaryote Kingdom Animal

Body form

Cell wall

Motility

Nutrition

(35)

Eukaryote Kingdom Animal

Body form

Multicellular

Cell wall

Absent

Motility

Present

Nutrition

Ingestion

(36)

Activity: Cell Sorting



Group cells into prokaryote or eukaryote



Then place the eukaryotic cells into one of

the kingdoms

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-zsdYOgTbOk

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5_rprVa-RY4&list=PLCA798DD5B1ECB2B1

Fungi on decomposing melon

Sporangia of

Fungus growing on dung

Fungus growing on strawberries