Daily Opener #1 COPY AND ANSWER the following questions:

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PRINCIPLES IN PRACTICE

Chapter 1

Daily Opener #1

COPY AND ANSWER the following

questions:

1.

In your opinion, what is psychology?

2.

Why is the study of psychology important?

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Chapter 1 WHAT IS PSYCHOLOGY

Section 1:

Why Study Psychology

?

Section 2:

What Psychologists Do

Section 3:

A History of Psychology

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Chapter 1: Section 1

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Main Objective:

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Behavior and Mental Processes:



_Psychology

_:

 _{The scientific study of behavior and mental}

processes.



_Behavior

_:

 _{Any action that other people can observe or}

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

_{Cognitive activities}

_:

 _{Private, unobservable mental process such as}

sensation, perception, thought, and problem solving.

_EX:

Dreaming

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

_{Psychological constructs}

_:

 _{Theoretical concepts that enable one to discuss}

something that cannot be seen touched, or measured directly.



_{Psychologists are interested}

in studying people’s

emotions

or

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GOALS OF PSYCHOLOGY



_Observe



_{Describe behavior}



_Explain



_Predict



_Control

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THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY

Psychology is a social science but has its

foundation in the natural sciences (biology,

chemistry). It deals with the structure of human

society and interactions of individuals who make

up society.

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How do psychologists find answers that they are

looking for??



_Research

 _{Conducting surveys and experiments}  _{Collecting and analyzing data}



_{Drawing conclusions}

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Research:



_{2 widely use methods:}

 _Surveys_&_Experiments

Surveys: methods of collecting data that usually involves asking questions of people in a particular group.

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Psychological Theories:



_Theory

_{: a statement that attempts to explain}

why things are the way they are and happen

the way they do.



_Principle

_{: a rule or law}

 _EX_:_{If you study, then you will get better}

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Chapter 1: Section 2

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Main Objective

:



_{Describe the work done by psychologists}

according to their areas of specialization.

 _{Hmmm….are you for}

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Dilemma with Dr. Phil and Brittney Spears



_{http://www.foxnews.com/story/}

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What do you think???

 _{Write down movies that you have seen or books that}

you have read that have professional psychologists as characters.

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What books/movies come to mind??



_{Dr. Phil}

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AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION

 _Clinical_{– the largest group – treat psychological}

problems.

 _Counseling_{– treat adjustment problems.}

 _School_{– deal with students who have problems that}

interfere with learning.

 _{Educational Psychologist}_{– focus on course}

planning and instructional methods.

 _{Help with developing}SAT

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 _{Developmental Psychologists-} _{study changes that}

occur throughout a persons’ life span. (physical, emotional, cognitive, social)

 _{Personality Psychologist}_{– identify characteristics or}

traits. (aggression; anxiety; shyness)

 _{Social Psychologist}_{– concerned with people’s}

behavior in social situations. (group behavior)

Section 2: What Psychologists Do

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Experimental Psychologists

(continued)



_{Focus on basic research:}

 _{Research that has no immediate application and is}

done for its own sake.

 _EX:_{Basic research into motivation has helped}

clinical and counseling psychologists develop

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 _{Industrial and Organizational Psychologist}_{– focus}

on people in work and business (assist in hiring)

 _{Environmental Psychologist}_{– focus on ways in}

which people influence and are influenced by

physical environment (does crowding make people irritable?)

 _{Consumer Psychologist}_{– study the behavior of}

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION

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

_{Forensic Psychologist}

_{– are concerned with}

how psychological problems give rise to

criminal behavior.



_{Health Psychologist}

_{– study the ways in}

which behavior and mental processes are

related to physical health.

AREAS OF SPECIALIZATION

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Activity with Social Psychologist

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

_{This activity acquaints students with the form}

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What to do???



_{Follow the directions on the handout provided,}

and record your measurements.



_{Also, be sure to record your measurements on}

the marker board as well.

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Questions to answer once you complete

experiment:

 _{How did you feel invading another person's space and}

having your own space invaded?

 _{Did you notice any patterns in the distances used?}

 _{Must wait until}_ALL_{data from all students have been collected to}

answer this question.

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Factors that contribute to distances:



_{People stand closer}

_{to those like them}

_and

farther away from

those who differ from them

.



_{Female-female}

_{: smaller interaction distances}

than male-male pairs.



_Female

_{-male: depends on the relationship}



_{Tall height and bright clothing}

_{: increase}

interaction distance.

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Daily Opener #2

COPY AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!!

1.

Give an example and definition of a

psychological construct.

2.

How do psychologists find answers that they

are looking for?

3.

List

AND

describe at least

3 areas of

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Chapter 1: Section 3

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Main Objective:

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Roots from Ancient Greece:



_{Began in ancient Greece.}



_Socrates

_:



_{Believed can learn about}

ourselves by examining

thoughts and feelings.

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

_Plato

_:



_{Associationism}

_:



_{A learned connection}

between two ideas or events

.

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Middle Ages:



_{Europeans believed that problems were signs}

of possession by demons.

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PSYCHOLOGY DEVELOPED OVER TIME

 _{Revived during the scientific advances of the 1500s,}

1600s and 1700s.

 _1879:_{the year that many believe to be the beginning}

of psychology.

 _{Considered a modern laboratory science by} Wilhelm Wundt

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Wilhelm Wundt:

(“Vunt”)



_{Structuralism}

_:

 _{Maintains that conscious experience breaks down}

into objective sensations and subjective feelings.

_Objective_{: sight and taste}

_Subjective_{: emotional responses and mental}

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William James:



_{Functionalism}

_:

 _{Emphasizes the purposes of behavior}

and mental processes.

 _{Believe that adaptive behavior patterns are learned}

and maintained because they are successful.

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What are the main differences between structuralism and functionalism??



_{Structuralism}

_{: What are the elements of}

psychological processes?



_{Functionalists}

_{: What are the purposes of}

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John B. Watson



_Behaviorism:

 _{Defines psychology as the scientific}

study of observable behavior.

_EX:_{Watching violence on T.V. can lead to}

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B.F. Skinner

(

Burrhus Frederic)  _{Believe animals}_AND_humans

learn to behave in certain ways because they have been reinforced for doing so.

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The Gestalt School:



_{Gestalt Psychology}

_:

 _{Emphasizes the tendency to organize perceptions}

into meaningful wholes.

_{Check out}_{pg. 17}_{in textbook!!}

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Sigmund Freud:



_{Psychoanalysis:}

 _{Empathizes the importance of}

unconscious motives and internal

conflict in determining human behavior.

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Freud (continued)

 _{Consultations with patients}  _{Free association}

 _{Believed unconscious processes (sexual & aggressive urges)}

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Freud (continued)



_{Psychodynamic thinking}

_:



_{Most of what exists in an individual’s mind}

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Freudian Slips! Pretty funny!

 _{Freudian slip}_:

 _{is an error in speech, memory, or physical action}

that is believed to be caused by the unconscious mind.

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Daily Opener #3

:

COPY AND ANSWER THE QUESTIONS!!

1. What are the main differences between structuralism and

functionalism?

2. Who is responsible for developing the ideas of

reinforcement?

3. In Ancient Greece, what did Socrates believe in relation to

psychology?

4. Three good things you are looking forward to this

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Chapter 1: Section 4

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Main Objective:

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SEVEN MAIN CONTEMPORARY

PERSPECTIVES IN PSYCHOLOGY

1. Biological – nervous system, glands, hormones, genetic factors.

_{How does biology influence behavior?}

_{CAT & PET scans}__{show mental processes} _{How do genes influence personality?}

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2.

Evolutionary Perspective:

* Focuses on the evolution of behavior and

mental processes.

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3.

Cognitive Perspective:

*Study mental processes to understand

human nature.

*Cognitive psychologists believe that

people’s behavior is influenced by their

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4.

4. Humanistic PerspectiveHumanistic Perspective:

* Stresses the human capacity for self-fulfillment and the importance of consciousness, self-awareness, and the capacity to make choices.

* Believe that we are free to choose our own behavior.

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Humanistic Perspective (continued)



_{Self-actualization:}

 _{The self-motivated striving to reach one’s potential.}



_{Client-centered therapy}

_:

 _{Most widely used humanistic}

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Dead Poet’s Society:



_{http://www.youtube.com/watch?}

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5.

Psychoanalytic Perspective:

*

Stresses the influence of unconscious

forces on human behavior.

EX:

Sigmund Freud

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6.

Learning Perspective:

 _{Emphasis the effects of experience on behavior.}

 _{Social-learning theory}_:

 _{Suggest that people can change their}

environments or create new ones.

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7.

Sociocultural Perspective:

 _{Studies the influence of ethnicity, gender,}

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Sociocultural Psychologists study the following topics:



_{Ethnic groups}

_:

 _{A group united by cultural heritage, race,}

language, or common history.



_Gender

_:

 _{State of being male or being female; gender roles}

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Dangerous Minds



_{http://www.youtube.com/watch?}

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Daily Opener

Copy AND Answer the following question:

Out of the 7 psychological perspectives,

which one do you favor the most

AND

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Activity Time!!!

 _{The class will be divided into}_{7 groups}_:

 _{Each group will represent a psychological perspective.}

 _{Using the story previously read in class, explain the}

behavior/actions/mental processes of EACH character through the eyes of your perspective.

 _{In order to complete this assignment, you and your group} members must agree on the roles of each character.

 _{Please create}a poster that includes your explanations.

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HELP WANTED!!!!!

 _{Create a}_{Help Wanted}_{ad for the}_ONE_{of the}

following psychologists below. Include the following information:

 _{GOALS and CHALLENGES of the job}  _{DESCRIPTION of the work}

 _{QUALITIES of IDEAL CANDIDATE!}

Clinical, Counseling, School, Educational,