Rabang Thesis

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MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment School of Architecture, Industrial Design and the Built Environment

Manila, Philippines Manila, Philippines

A Proposed Water Sports Complex and Recreation Center A Proposed Water Sports Complex and Recreation Center

Space Frame Structure Concept Space Frame Structure Concept

A Thesis presented to A Thesis presented to

The Faculty of School of Architecture The Faculty of School of Architecture

In partial fulfillment of the

In partial fulfillment of the course requiremcourse requirements inents in Architectur

Architectural Design 11: Aral Design 11: Architectural Thechitectural Thesissis For the degree of

For the degree of Bachelor of Science in

Bachelor of Science in ArchitectureArchitecture

Submitted by Submitted by Bismarc Fiel C. Rabang Bismarc Fiel C. Rabang

On On March 2012 March 2012

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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

I am heartily thankful to my Architectural Design 9 Thesis 1 instructor, I am heartily thankful to my Architectural Design 9 Thesis 1 instructor,

Arch’t. Ten Ealdama, who has always been approachable and whose expertise, guidance and patience throughout the term Arch’t. Ten Ealdama, who has always been approachable and whose expertise, guidance and patience throughout the term

enabled me to acquire the knowledge in doing this thesis; enabled me to acquire the knowledge in doing this thesis;

To my friends, Drew Gozar, Kc Castro, Abby Macatangay, Rois Sabile, Calude Mella, Wei Xian Eileen Hung, Hannah Albino, To my friends, Drew Gozar, Kc Castro, Abby Macatangay, Rois Sabile, Calude Mella, Wei Xian Eileen Hung, Hannah Albino, and Audrey Canque; to my best friend and her family, Gladys Baes for giving me support in doing my Thesis 1; To my and Audrey Canque; to my best friend and her family, Gladys Baes for giving me support in doing my Thesis 1; To my lovingloving

mother, Melita Rabang for her encouragement and support, My father, Engineer Marcelino Rabang for supporting and mother, Melita Rabang for her encouragement and support, My father, Engineer Marcelino Rabang for supporting and

motivating me, my siblings, Christeel, Maia and Marcel

motivating me, my siblings, Christeel, Maia and Marcel Rabang which serves as my Rabang which serves as my inspiration for studying hard;inspiration for studying hard; And to the following government agencies and authorities for allowing me to conduct interviews and giving me documents for And to the following government agencies and authorities for allowing me to conduct interviews and giving me documents for the justification of my

the justification of my thesis: Philippine Sports Commission (Engr. Ellano), Philippine Aquatic Sports Association, thesis: Philippine Sports Commission (Engr. Ellano), Philippine Aquatic Sports Association, Department ofDepartment of Tourism.

Tourism.

Most of all, I thank the Almighty Father for giving me strength, fortitude, bright and positive mind-set in doing my research. Most of all, I thank the Almighty Father for giving me strength, fortitude, bright and positive mind-set in doing my research.

This research would not have also been achievable if it were not

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Acknowledgements Acknowledgements

I am heartily thankful to my Architectural Design 9 Thesis 1 instructor, I am heartily thankful to my Architectural Design 9 Thesis 1 instructor,

Arch’t. Ten Ealdama, who has always been approachable and whose expertise, guidance and patience throughout the term Arch’t. Ten Ealdama, who has always been approachable and whose expertise, guidance and patience throughout the term

enabled me to acquire the knowledge in doing this thesis; enabled me to acquire the knowledge in doing this thesis;

To my friends, Drew Gozar, Kc Castro, Abby Macatangay, Rois Sabile, Calude Mella, Wei Xian Eileen Hung, Hannah Albino, To my friends, Drew Gozar, Kc Castro, Abby Macatangay, Rois Sabile, Calude Mella, Wei Xian Eileen Hung, Hannah Albino, and Audrey Canque; to my best friend and her family, Gladys Baes for giving me support in doing my Thesis 1; To my and Audrey Canque; to my best friend and her family, Gladys Baes for giving me support in doing my Thesis 1; To my lovingloving

mother, Melita Rabang for her encouragement and support, My father, Engineer Marcelino Rabang for supporting and mother, Melita Rabang for her encouragement and support, My father, Engineer Marcelino Rabang for supporting and

motivating me, my siblings, Christeel, Maia and Marcel

motivating me, my siblings, Christeel, Maia and Marcel Rabang which serves as my Rabang which serves as my inspiration for studying hard;inspiration for studying hard; And to the following government agencies and authorities for allowing me to conduct interviews and giving me documents for And to the following government agencies and authorities for allowing me to conduct interviews and giving me documents for the justification of my

the justification of my thesis: Philippine Sports Commission (Engr. Ellano), Philippine Aquatic Sports Association, thesis: Philippine Sports Commission (Engr. Ellano), Philippine Aquatic Sports Association, Department ofDepartment of Tourism.

Tourism.

Most of all, I thank the Almighty Father for giving me strength, fortitude, bright and positive mind-set in doing my research. Most of all, I thank the Almighty Father for giving me strength, fortitude, bright and positive mind-set in doing my research.

This research would not have also been achievable if it were not

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About the Author About the Author

Bismarc Fiel C. Rabang is currently living in Taguig City but originally from Umingan, Pangasinan. He Bismarc Fiel C. Rabang is currently living in Taguig City but originally from Umingan, Pangasinan. He became interested in architecture and engineering back when he

became interested in architecture and engineering back when he was 8, while watching his father was 8, while watching his father who is awho is a Civil Engineer drawing, computing and designing structure. He appreciates it more when his father once Civil Engineer drawing, computing and designing structure. He appreciates it more when his father once took him into a construction site. Now, he is a Senior Student of B.S. Architecture in Mapua Institute of took him into a construction site. Now, he is a Senior Student of B.S. Architecture in Mapua Institute of Technology and is hoping to graduate with a Bachelors Degree in 2012. He excels in architectural design, Technology and is hoping to graduate with a Bachelors Degree in 2012. He excels in architectural design,

building technology, and

building technology, and manual drafting manual drafting subjects. He subjects. He believesbelieves that “

that “ang arkitektura ay ang siyang sumasalamin at ang siyangang arkitektura ay ang siyang sumasalamin at ang siyang bubuo sa katauhan ng ating kultura, kasaysayan at kasaluku bubuo sa katauhan ng ating kultura, kasaysayan at kasalukuyangyang

lipunan. Ito’y kusang sumisibol, katulad ng hangin, huni ng ibon lipunan. Ito’y kusang sumisibol, katulad ng hangin, huni ng ibon at liwanag. Ito’y kusang nagbabago, ngunit kailanma’y hindi at liwanag. Ito’y kusang nagbabago, ngunit kailanma’y hindi m m aa w w aa w w aa ll aa .. ””

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Background/overview

Being an archipelago, much of the Philippines is surrounded by bodies of water. Composed of over 7, 107 islands and approximately 36, 289 km of coastline, the reason why fishing is one of the most common livelihood in the country. Philippines outshine in many different aquatic activities and water sports such as swimming, kayaking, surfing, rowing and fishing.

Our dominating potential in water sports was proved in 2007, when the Philippine Dragon Boat Team is announced as the fastest crew on the planet after winning the World Dragon Boat Championship held in Sydney and gained a world record. In 2009, they successfully defended their crown. Female paddlers during the same year also gained the world record of being the fastest crew. Most of the players are fishermen from Bacolod and from other

provinces in the country. Unfortunately, in 2010, they were not allowed to compete in the 2010 Asian Games by the Philippine Olympic Committee (POC) because of report questions in the accuracy of their time trial. Up until now, the rowers still trains in the polluted Manila Bay, living in a small apartment, and no facility being provided for them. They receive minimal support from the government and minimal recognition from the Filipino people.

Aside from Dragon Boat, Filipinos also excel in all different water sports and activities. Below is the list of some of our exquisite achievements in water sports:

In Surfing Division, Julian Marie Lavadia and Luigi Villafuerte won 1st_{and 2}nd_{respectively last}

summer of 2011 held in Camarines Sur.

In Sailing Division, Ridgely Balladares and Rommel Chavez scored no less three first place finishes out of fifteen races at the Mirror Class World Championships 2011 held in Albany, Western Australia.

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In Wakeboarding Division, Tynna Rosero, won first place on Women Wakeskate category, Raffy Francisco and Dennis Devinagracia won 3rd

and 4th_{place respective on Amateur Wakeskate}

category all held during the 2011 WWA Wake Park World Championships hel in Camarines Sur and Samantha Bermudez won first place in Ultimate

Wake Championship 2011 Women’s Division.

In Swimming Division, during the last 2008 Beijing Olympics, the Philippine swimming team had the largest share of the country's athletes

represented in Beijing, with five swimmers competing in seven events. Miguel Molina completed the men's 200 m individual medley, Christel Simms completed the women's 100 m freestyle, JB Walsh completed the men's 200 m butterfly and won his heat but didn't move on, and Daniel Coakley completed the men's 50 m freestyle. Walsh's and Coakley's achievements are also Southeast Asian records.

In 2011, Diliman Preparatory School, barely sixmonths into its swimming program, finished third overall behind the 12-gold medal performance of

its 15 swimmers in the seventh Singapore Island Country Club age group swimming championship. Philippine Sports Tourism:

Sports tourism is one of the fastest growing areas –

10 % of $4.5 trillion global travel and tourism industry

In 2010, government is expecting $17 billion or 13.6 % of GDP gross domestic product contribution of sports tourism industry, almost 10 % from coming from water sports. Or approx. .4 % of Global travel and tourism industry.

However, the facility for sports particularly water sports is not enough to lead us to significant development and mergence of the sports tourism sector.

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According to those facts, there is a need to develop Sports Tourism industry in our country for a better community. We can develop or enhance it more through water sports knowing that we are surrounded by beautiful bodies of water and coastlines.

According to Conference Chairman Charles Lim “hopeful

that through the Sports and Tourism Summit, tourism stakeholders will be able to focus on developing sports opportunities by investing in infrastructures, facilities, and support network to accommodate major sport events and

other sports tourism activities”

1.2 Statement of the Problem

Despite such implausible achievements attained by our athletes in Aquatic Activities or Water Sports, Water Sports in the Philippines is not yet well reputed by the Filipino

people and so as the government. Being an archipelago and a country surrounded by seas, we should be well known around the world to be leading in all water

sports/activities.

The study will attempt to answer the following question: What project can help promote water sports in the Philippines?

What will make it different from other water sports facility available in the country and from other countries?

What other features can we add to aid the

facility’s being world class? To educate and train our

athletes and aspiring young athletes?

How can the project attract Filipinos and foreign people and invite them to support and repute water sports in the Philippines?

How can we provide a facility for water sports without disturbing our aquatic environment?

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What are the other benefits that a facility like this can contribute aside from promoting aquatic activities and water sports?

1.3 Project Goals and Strategies

Clients Goal: to train and to provide optimum care to Filipino National Water sports athletes and to maximize their athletic performance through sports science a nd education and research.

Proponents Goals: the aim of the study is to provide a facility that will promote water sports in the Philippines. Objectives

To provide a facility for Filipino National Water sports athletes and aspiring young athletes to maximize their knowledge, skills, and to enhance their potentials.

To provide a world class facility that will be known worldwide and can be an international venue for water sports.

To attract Filipinos and tourist to support water sports in the Philippines through architectural design.

To have a facility that should symbolize our culture and water sports dominance.

To help increase the value of sports tourism industry in the county.

Strategy

To identify our potentials and capabilities in water sports and our latest achievements in water sports by research

To identify our weaknesses and problems about the topic that can be solved through architectural design.

To conduct interviews to our athletes, water sports organizations, environmental sectors and other organizations/sectors that have concerns about the study.

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ARCHITECTURAL SIGNIFICANCE: Since the study will involve water and sports, it will

showcase the dramatic expression of nature, tradition and introduction of Philippine aquatic architecture. The study will help us create a symbol of our dominance in all water sports and aquatic activities since we are an archipelago and is surrounded by bodies of water.

ECONOMICAL SIGNIFICANCE:

The study will also include tourism. Since different water sports are international sports and is trained and practiced around the world, the study will find out ways to attract first the Filipinos, and then foreign people and at the same time, find out services and income generating facilities that can help boost the economy of the site and possible the economy of the country.

NATIONAL SIGNIFICANCE:

The study will show our strengths and advantages against all countries around the word. Also, the study will find ways to popularize water sports in our country in view of the fact that we are known to be dominant in water sports. When the aim of the study succeeds, it can help our country raise its pride and make its people proud to be Filipinos. 1.5 Review of Related Literature

1.5.1 Economy and Employment in Water Sports

An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Water-Related Recreation and Tourism 2007

On a research conducted by Spey Catchment Management Plan Partners entitled An Assessment of the Economic Impact of Water-Related Recreation and Tourism 2007,of

Caledonian University in Europe, on the section of Economic Impact of Water Sports that regards employment:

It is extremely difficult to associate the employment in this sector with a set of skills because most employees are, and need to be, multi-skilled. For example a centre manager, who is largely in an administrative position, could well be called out to operate as a ski instructor, canoe instructor or mountain leader to cover for illness. Amongst instructors

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full-time contracts are becoming less common. The reasons for this are the requirements for outdoor centers to minimize overheads and respond to a changing market. There is a recognized pool available who work as required for centers or companies when they are available. Nonetheless this flexible employment pattern is attractive to many who

operate their own “businesses” and may be elsewhere for

substantial periods of time on expedition work. Within centers there are a significant number working in

administration, with the normal skill requirements. These deal

not only with activities but also the “hotel” side of centers.

There are also a number of cooks, cleaners; bar staff etc some full time but probably most part time. It is difficult to see outdoor centers as offering an attractive service without water based activity, but to then associate all centre staff with that activity would be totally incorrect. The demand in the MBSE area remains for multi-skilled and qualified instructors, and hotel type staff.

This section has tried to estimate the total economic impact of water sports in the Moray Badenoch and Strathspey Enterprise area. For the assessment of indirect and induced effects we have used the model developed by CogentSI.

This work suggests that 1.7m worth of annual output, 48 fulltime jobs equivalents and £0.8m in wages and self-employment income to households in the Moray Badenoch and Strathspey Enterprise area are dependent upon water sports in the Moray Badenoch and Strathspey Enterprise economy.

In the conclusion of the study, large number of employment is dependent in Water Sports facilities with Hotel

accommodations and other retails and establishments. It only means that water sports helps boost up the economy of a specific place or region.

The Value of the Water Sports Economy in North Devon

On the Overall Summary of Results of the report by Liz Abell and Isabelle Bromham in North Devon in Europe: 67 businesses were surveyed altogether, representing just over one third of the businesses that are directly linked to water sports in Northern Devon. Key findings from the survey were as follows:

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780 staff were employed by these businesses, leading to an estimate of over 2,000 staff employed in water sports related jobs across the area

Most businesses turned over less than £250k, compared with the national average of £597k

The total turnover for the surveyed

businesses was approximately £25m, of which £18m was specifically identified as being directly related to water sports products and services

This can be estimated as £80m water sports related turnover across the area

Business demonstrated a higher level of environmental awareness, concern and policy development than was found in other sectors

It is estimated that 149,000 guests stayed in surveyed accommodation providers in Northern Devon for the water sports opportunities

Water sports did not feature heavily (or in some cases at all) in publicity materials for the accommodation providers

The surveyed food and drink businesses benefited from 72,500 customers because of their proximity to water sports opportunities*

11 water sports clubs reported 975

members*, around half of which were schoolchildren Water sports equipment rental businesses reported that they served 3,650 customers in 2008*, but none of them purchased their equipment in Devon, primarily for reasons of price

Water sports equipment retailers reported 19,400 customers in 2008

Water sports equipment manufacturers reported £1.65m of products (sales price)*

Revenue from water sports tuition amounted to £250k for surveyed businesses in 2008.*

This research forms part of the process in understanding the sector and the importance it has on the area in terms of socio-economic development and environmental protection. The findings clearly showed that the marine leisure sector is a powerful tool for stimulating the North Devon local

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economy because of Water Sports facility, Education facility for water sports, hotels, retails, rentals and tourism. North Devon is well placed to be at the forefront of developing a low carbon economy through the marine leisure sector. This research clearly demonstrates the commitment from businesses to protecting the environment and the measures they already have in place to minimize their impact on natural resources.

1.5.2 Sports Tourism including Water Sports

A Need for a National Sports Tourism Strategy 2007(see Appendix)

According to Virgilio Beeyong· Sison on his study:

A Need for a National Sports Tourism Strategy, Tourism is

one of the world’s largest industries, and it goes hand -in-hand with sports and recreation. This area combines travel, service, entertainment and wellness. By merging both activities, Sports Tourism has now become the fastest growing sector world-wide. The World Tourism

Organization (WTO) predicts that Sports Tourism will be the second most important travel segment by 2020. Also, Sports Tourism will be the one to show enormous potential for

further development based on any study conducted that will identify and develop a full-range of niche´ tourism products looking to promote strong future growth and diversification of the tourism industry. The need for a planned and

consistent approach to building a sustainable base for the Sports Tourism sector is imperative and the development of a National Sports Tourism Strategy must immediately get underway.

The hosting of the 2005 South East Asian Games provided the Philippines with a unique learning opportunity. Although we were able to showcase the Philippines to our Asian neighbors and the world, both as a tourism destination and as a country with the ability to compete in skills by winning the overall championships, the 2005 games experience left us with much to be desired in terms of infrastructure like world-class sports venues, athletic dorms/hostels, transport services, organizational expertise in the sports industry.

The challenge for Sports Tourism development is to take advantage of all the opportunities this presents. The Philippines can have many competitive advantages in the

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Sports Tourism marketplace including a climate conducive to outdoor activities and a diverse range of sporting activities in a Natural Setting. The development and access to quality sports facilities and well developed tourism in frastructure (e.g. roads, accommodation infrastructure) can be bring v ast changes to the image of a country like the Philippines as a sporting nation and tourism destination.

According to this phrase, since 2005, our country desires to have sports venues that are world class bur up until 2011;

we don’t have good enough facilities that can be a desirable venue for international events. It is said that we have all the factors and advantages for developing such things. Most if not all sporting activities and events rely on having appropriate infrastructure in place. The most o bvious form of infrastructure is the sporting facilities themselves, sports facilities such as water sports complex. A starting point in addressing these issues would be to conduct facilities audits to identify what sporting facilities and at what standard, are available. A further logical step down this track would be to conduct a broader asset audit´ of all relevant infrastructures, to assist organizers in assessing the

ability of a region to support a particular sporting activity or event. A strategic approach which considers the

adequacy and availability of all relevant facility needs to be adopted when planning sporting events and activities.

According to the recommendation of the author, today’s

tourism would be unthinkable without sports. Sports even ts cannot take place without some kind of tourism support. They usually depend on a tourism destination. Clearly, the Sports Tourism industry in the Philippines has enormous potential. A development initiative focusing on Sports Tourism can yield enormous gains including strong inbound tourism growth, sports and tourism infrastructure. There are considerable economic, sport and community benefits to be gained through developing the niche market that is sport tourism. Community sport tourism can lead to improved sport development, enhanced community pride, and more active populations. Perhaps it may also help cure social ills such as addiction in drugs, sex and illegal gambling jueteng, alcoholism and depression which are caused by lack of participation and direction. People will immediately feel the impact of the economic gains made by our government

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once they see concrete activities happening in their daily lives.

RP eyes $17-billion tourism industry

In an article by Genalyn Kabiling on the Manila Bulletin issued Feb 2010:

Sun, water sports, more hotels, and better transportation system are expected to propel the country's booming tourism sector into a $17- billion industry this year, government officials said Friday.

National Economic and Development Authority (NEDA)

Director Dennis Arroyo said the country’s natural wonders,

complemented by improved tourism infrastructure, have attracted more local and foreign tourists to the Philippines.

“By 2010, the industry’s contribution to gross domestic

product is targeted to reach US $17 billion or 13.6 percent

of GDP,” Arroyo told reporters in Malacañang.

At least 5.2 million local and foreign tourists visited the Philippines in 2009, or 16.66 percent higher than 2008.

Arroyo said the Philippines could compete as an attractive tourist destination due to its proximity to northeast Asia, particularly Japan, China, and South Korea, world-class natural attractions, and ability to create substantial niche markets.

The country’s main selling point, he noted, is marine

biodiversity that has promoted diving and other water sports activities in many islands.

Water Sports is always included in the development and allotment of budget for tourism because the Philippines is surrounded by water. Water sports Facility gives great impact in tourism and economy of a region and even a country.

1.5.3 Effects of Water Sports Facility and Aquatic Activities in the Environment

Marketing Water sports & Protecting the Environment

Some Techniques proposed by Beverley Pierson is supported by Countryside Access & Activities Network in

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Strangford Lough can be a guide in creating an

architectural design of water sports that is friendly to the aquatic environment.

Principles

Leave What You Find: load your camera, not your boats. Avoid spreading nonnative species by washing boats and equipment after each trip.

Dispose of Waste Properly: ‘Pack it in, pack it out’, avoid disposal into the water.

Minimize the Effects of Fire: use established fire rings or a stove.

Why?

More and more of us are engaging in a wider range of water and land based activities.

Therefore our collective mark on the environment is increasing.

Even the most thoughtful visitors leave footprints and unintentionally disturb wildlife.

Examples of impacts by recreational activity-eroded soils, trampled vegetation, polluted waters, littering and displaced wildlife.

How?

Slight changes can have huge positive impacts.

Techniques – wash your boat and equipment after each trip, stick to existing sailing areas, never feed wildlife, do not disturb wildlife – keep a good distance eave natural objects (aquatic plants etc.) where you have found them, only use dead wood for firewood, keep campsites away from

water/rivers.

Inform others on how they can create less impact on the environment.

The study will include the protection of our natural aquatic environment. It is important to still consider nature as still the main attraction of the project. These guides will give a big help for the design of a environmentally friendly project.

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Summer Sailors, Water Sports and the Environmental Impact According to an article posted by Rhonda Nieman issued April of 2008:

We all love to watch and participate in water sports. Swimming and water-tubing are the simplest and require the least equipment. Sculling from a small boat on inland waterways also has minimal impact on the environment, providing you take your garbage home like any

responsible picnicker. Owners of waterfront properties have rights to sea wrack, but do not appreciate pollution from food wrappers, non-biodegradable cigarette butts and empty drink cans.

Sports such as parasailing and water skiing require water craft with gasoline engines. This means that fossil fuels power the craft and leave a trail of carbon emissions. These days the average fisherman is seriously restricted in the number of fish he can take. Most fish are returned to the water.

In some jurisdictions owners of seafood have been warned to travel slowly along inland waterways. Minimal

disturbance of river and lake life is demanded of these water travelers. Fish stocks are dropping although many inland lakes and ponds are stocked manually each year. And it's not just fish; many other types of marine wildlife are also at risk, such as turtles.

Warnings have been issued that all frogs throughout the world are suffering from a disease that is expected to destroy eighty percent of frogs globally. Further

endangering this fragile species will disrupt the whole food chain. The Polar Bear was declared an endangered species in Canada in January 2008. In 2007, recreational sailors were sailing their crafts across the Northwest Passage for the first time known to mankind. The human race is at risk from loss of its food supply as the climate warms. New codes have been established for outboard motors. This legislation is not retroactive and many recreational sailors continue to have their ancient outboard motors serviced for future use. Old outboard motors leave a cloud of carbon emission and petroleum leakage in their wake. Serious damage to lakes, waterways, and oceans are the result of using old-fashioned and inefficient outboard motors. Modern ones do cut costs.

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Fishermen, like hunters, pay a license fee for their sport. Many believe that those who also leave a carbon footprint on the seas, lakes, and oceans should also pay a license fee. Even the birdwatcher of water fowl inevitably causes some environmental damage. Consequently, suggestions are made to protect the environment by licensing all those who set foot or boat in these areas.

Until then, an exchange credit system which allows old inefficient outboard motors to be exchanged for code-certified modern ones could help. The fisherman and hunter know the importance of protecting the environment. Anyone else stepping out of their own area needs to share these concerns.

Stepping with a soft footprint is no longer enough. It is important that we minimize the effect through

architectural design and coordinate with the sector that is knowledgeable about this matter.

The Effects of Boating and Water Sports On Wildlife

The Green Blue, RYA House, Ensign Way, Hamble,

Southampton, studied and identified the effects of boating and Water Sports on Wildlife and Environment:

Identifying the Impacts

All types of craft have the potential to cause disturbance to wildlife if handled without care in their presence. The level of disturbance to wildlife may be directly related to the type of activity. Dahlgren and Korschgen (1992) (as quoted in DeLong 20021) proposed a range of categories of human activities in order of decreasing disturbance to waterfowl:

Rapid over water movement and loud noise (power boating, waterskiing and aircraft).

Over water movement with little noise (sailing, windsurfing, rowing and canoeing).

Little over water movement or noise (wading, swimming).

Activities along the shoreline (fishing, bird watching, hiking and traffic).

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However a study in the Stour-Orwell estuarine SPA3 (ERA Report 44, 2005) showed that vessels under sail and motor on the estuaries caused relatively little disturbance to birds and there was no difference in the degree of disturbance between the different types of vessel. It is also true that certain types of craft and their movement may have a greater capacity to disturb. A study conducted in

Teignmouth Bay (Goodwin & Cotton, 2004)8 showed that the presence of bottlenose dolphins was unrelated to the number of boats present. When boats were stationary, the behavior of dolphins did not differ significantly between boat classes. However, there was a highly significant difference in the response by dolphins to different types of boats when they were moving. Speedboats and personal watercraft were associated with adverse behavior by the dolphins, even when boats were not directly approaching the animals.

These studies show that in order to accurately identify the causes and impacts of boat based disturbance on wildlife, research programs must be must be carefully designed, and may need to be site or species specific.

Effects on Fish: A study conducted in Loch Lomond (2005)9 reported on effects of recreational boating on fish ecology, summarized as disturbance by moving boats, increased predation in turbid areas, mortality of eggs and effects on reproduction. It was concluded that disturbance by moving boats is of low magnitude and turbidity was not considered to be a serious problem. Species specific studies carried out on a number of fish species also identified potential impacts on Atlantic salmon arising from boat wash and boat

movement, propellers, boat exhaust and pollution. Studies published by the Institute of Fisheries Management

(undated) concluded that boating was not believed to have a serious impact on fish, except in some circumstances to scare them from the immediate area. Detrimental impacts were highest where high speed vessels such as personal watercraft and water skiing occurred in small lakes on a regular basis. This was backed up research from Sport Scotland10, which showed a change in fish behavior when speedboats passed nearby. From the literature, there is no evidence of direct damage to fish from propellers and the impacts of boat exhaust and pollution are likely to be confined to local areas.

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Conclusions: A number of effects of boating activities on wildlife have so far been identified, but many remain poorly understood, and

it is sometimes difficult to assess the impact on species of boating related disturbance in isolation from o ther sources of disturbance, both natural and human induced. As a general rule it is believed that non powered craft such as sailing craft have less overall impact than powered craft, with speed boats and personal watercraft being associated with adverse behavior in dolphins. However, the UKCEED (2000)12 reports suggest that sailing could cause more disturbances at a national level than powered craft for the following reasons:

Sailing is more widespread.

Sailing occurs at most of the sites where bird counting takes place.

Compared to power boating there are higher levels of winter sailing activity.

Participants spend a large proportion of time on or near the water.

However, the presence of boats does not necessarily cause a disturbance. If craft are handled with sensitivity there can be minimal or zero disturbance. Zoning of sensitive areas, speed restrictions, awareness of seasonal and geographical sensitivities, and education have all been used to mitigate the impact of boat use on wildlife. Evaluation of these approaches will be helpful to ascertain the most effective means of minimizing disturbance to wildlife from all types of craft for the future. The Green Blue is actively working to get relevant information about sensitive areas placed in to pilot books and (electronic) charts.

The study shows that water sports do not disturb much the natural environment and wildlife of a particular area. In a country like the Philippines where it is surrounded by water, we can promote water sports in the Philippines and can boost up economy and tourism without disturbing our environment through a watersports facility.

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1.6 Conceptual Framework: Fig. 1

SITE/ ECONOMY

FACILITY Natural Setting of Site

(Bodies of Water)

International Standards for Water Sports

Economy/ People Architectural

Design Economic Opportunity/ Employment Water Sports Tourism Reflection of Culture Iconic Aquatic Architecture Building Technology

Water Sports Popularization and Promotion WATER SPORTS IN THE PHILIPPINES Consultation Site Visit Interview Case Study Site Criteria Artificial lakes, waves, etc.

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1.7 Research Methodology

1.7.1 Oral Investigation

Philippine Sports Commission Interview

According to Head Engineer of Philippine Sports Commission Engineering Department, Engr. Ellano, having a water sports complex is important to Philippine sports, tourism and economy of our country and added that it is appropriate and suitable to have a water sports complex in the Philippines simply because we are surrounded by water and we are dominant in any water sports compared to other countries. He mentioned that sports tourism is one of the best solutions to boost up our economy. Sports, including water sports, combined with tourism have helped the economy of many countries like Vietnam, Malaysia, and some countries in Europe and America.

According to him, a water sports complex is a challenging facility or structure to design because of the different requirements and international standard of different water sports needed to be followed in the construction of the facilities. He said that the best site for a facility like this is

Batangas because it is a tourist spot destination and many coastlines there have the potential for an international water sports event.

According to him, the use of technology in this kind of facility is very important. Though it seems like the Philippines is not yet ready for such technology and equipments, we should always consider this technology to our proposals and think for the future.

Philippine Aquatic Sports Association Interview/visit

The Philippine Aquatic Sport Commission suggested some guidelines and strategies on designing a water sports facility:

Water spaces should meet the specific needs of the following markets:

1. Recreation and leisure

2. Competition, training and fitness 3. Teaching

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Provide a mix of shallow leisure/recreation water with deeper programmable water space; Depth of major water space area tend to be 1.0 to 1.8 meters in the main pools and between 0.6 and 0.9 meters in learners pools;

Include high revenue generating and complementary activities such as a spa: Health and fitness centers complement aquatic centers and h ave been developed in a significant percentage of new indoor swimming pools. Ancillary services

complementary to a leisure aquatic centre include sports medicine rooms, health and therapy services and health and beauty services;

Ensure maximum flexibility to allow a

number of different programs and activities to occur concurrently;

Develop indoor swimming pools with outdoor areas for use in the warmer weather such as

grassed barbecue/picnic area or outdoor water space; ensure that adequate playing arenas are constructed. Check the quality of flooring and lighting, and ensure that the size, particularly length, width and height, are appropriate for the activities

to be scheduled. Multipurpose sports centers must be designed for all sports, not just basketball, for example, badminton and volleyball have specific height and lighting requirements.

Maximize flexibility by having multiple line markings, court configurations which can be changed according to the needs of the activity, retractable seating which does not impinge on floor areas, and accommodate both sporting activities and

entertainment.

Optimize all available floor space. For example, use mezzanine floors for spectators and as multi-purpose areas. Similarly, design activity rooms to be multi-purpose, for meetings, programs such as Tai kwon do, and for social functions.

Provide a minimum number of permanent spectator seats to cater for regular activities. Retractable bleachers or portable seating may be used for major events and exhibition matches, although these require extra floor space for storage.

Provide corporate boxes if the centre is to be used for elite sport or entertainment activities.

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Corporate boxes can be court-side open boxes, or enclosed more elaborate permanent boxes.

Accommodate different levels of competition: Generally there are three categories of

Competition: local or social, which is used for regular day to day activities; provincial level competition; and national or international standard events. The local/social courts take up the least space while national/international events take up a larger area.

Consequently, there may need to be different configurations of court space for different types of activities.

Give special attention to the type of flooring: Numerous multi-purpose products are available that meets the needs of elite sport, and satisfy other activities, such as entertainment or trade shows.

Maximize the use of court space. Divider nets can be used to separate playing areas, to allow more than one activity to occur simultaneously. Survey_– 64 Responses (see Appendix)

Have you or members of your household visited any watersports during the past year?

Fig. 2 Approximately how often did you or members of your household visit watersports over the past 12 months

Fig. 2.1

Overall how would you rate the physical condition of ALL the watersports you have visited?

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Fig 2.2

Would you be interested to visit a world class Watersports in the Philippines in the future?

Fig. 2.3

Would you be interested to learn watersports through classes and/or camps?

Fig. 2.4

Please indicate if YOU or any member of your HOUSEHOLD has a need for each of the recreation PROGRAMS listed.

Fig. 2.5

What facilities would you like to find in the proposed WATERSPORTS?

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Fig. 2.6

From the following list, please check ALL the potential indoor spaces you and members of your household would use.

Fig. 2.7

1.7.2 Archival Investigation

List of Water Sports (for the proposed project)

Majority of the facilities that will be provided in the project are the following water sports and aquatic sports:

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What better way is there to explore the wealth of marine life in Philippine waters than to go scuba diving or

snorkeling? Snorkeling is easier to learn, involving mainly swimming just below the surface of the water with a simple mouth-breathing apparatus and mask, allowing the snorkeler to get a good view of the underwater world. But for longer, more intensive exploration of the depths of the sea, you have to learn scuba diving, which allows for longer underwater expeditions with a portable supply of oxygen. Kayaking

Another enjoyable way to sightsee on the water while getting a bit of exercise is kayaking. It involves paddling a light craft on the sea or a lake. Paddling quietly is not only relaxing, it allows one to observe the natural environment with very little disturbance of the wildlife. For the more adventurous, it may also be done on rough water.

Waterskiing

The popular beach and lake resorts of the Philippines have long offered facilities for waterskiing, a sport which involves being towed on skis by a motorboat or a cable.

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Similar to waterskiing, wakeboarding involves riding on a board to which both feet are bound while being towed across the water by a boat or cable. By riding on the wake, the wakeboarder may fly up and perform stunts in the air. Wakeskating is similar except the feet are not bound to the board.

Rowing

The Philippines takes pride in its excellent dragonboat rowing teams, which have brought home medals from the Southeast Asian (SEA) Games. Rowing teams can often be seen practicing in Manila Bay. Those who enjoy propelling a boat through muscle power can easily find fellow oarsmen in the Philippines.

Swimming

Swimming is an Olympic Game where Filipinos took dominance.

Water polois a team sport played in water. Synchronized swimmingis a hybrid of swimming,

Water aerobicsis aerobics in the water Water gymnasticsis gymnastics in the water

List of All Water Sports (some can be included in the proposed projects)

In the water

Swimmingincludes pool swimming and open water swimming

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Triathlonis usually a combination of swimming, cycling and running

Modern pentathlonincludes épée fencing, pistol shooting, swimming, a show jumping course on horseback, and cross country running

Rescue swimmingis swimming with the goal to rescue other swimmers or the practice thereof

gymnastics, and ballet.

Snorkelingis the practice of swimming at the surface (typically of the sea) being equipped with a mask and a short tube called a snorkel.

Divingoff springboards or off platforms Synchronized diving

Wabobais played with a waboba ball on beaches or in pools.

Lunge Boardyou lunge as you wake board. Under water

Scuba divingis swimming under water using a (self contained) breathing apparatus

Free-divingis the aim to maximize the depth dived using no breathing apparatus

Underwater hockeyis hockey played under water with short wooden curved sticks and a heavy puck.Players wear diving masks, snorkels, and fins, and must surface to breathe while team mates continue the game on the pool bottom.

Underwater rugbyis rugby played under water. Two teams try to score goals by sending a slightly negatively buoyant ball into the opponents' goal, which is situated on the bottom of the pool.

Underwater photography, including underwater videography, is photography done under water. Numerous contests worldwide are arranged every year. Digital cameras have revolutionized how many divers participate. On the water

Skurfingis where the participant "skurfs" behind a boat on a surfboard

Barefoot water skiingis waterskiing with no skiis

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Bodyboardingis similar to surfing, but the board is smaller and the person (normally) lies down on the board

Canoeing

Fishingis the recreation and sport of catching fish

Flowboarding Jet Ski

Kayaking

Kite surfingon flat water using a kite for propulsion

Kiteboating

Parasailingwhere a person is towed behind a vehicle (usually a boat) while attached to a parachute

Rafting Rowing

Sailingusing the wind for propulsion

Sit-down hydrofoilingis riding on the water with a hydrofoil attached to a ski

Skimboardingis a boardsport in which a board is used to ride on an incoming wave

Stand up paddle surfinga surf style board with a paddle, used in flatwater or waves

Surfingdownhill on ocean waves or artificial waves in an artificial wave pool

White Water Rafting

Wakeboardingis similar to water skiing, but using only one board attached to the feet

Wake skatingis similar to wakeboarding, but the board is not attached to the feet

Wakesurfingis a mix between wakeboarding and surfing

Water skiingis using skis to slide over the water while being pulled by a boat or other device

Windsurfingon flat water using wind for propulsion in combination with sails

Yachtingsailing on yachts, daysailing, cruising or Yacht racing

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Summary of Number of Coaches- PSC Fig. 3.1

Note:The number of athletes and coaches in this record is the only number recognized athletes and coaches by Philippine Sports Commission, excluding the number of athletes and coaches from different National Sports Association.

Types of Recreational Activities that can b e included in the proposed poject:

These could be classified as: Field sports

Court games Invasion games Target games Combat games Games involving ritual

Field sports – Sports such as hunting, shooting and fishing are associated with finding food and survival but also the enjoyment of the chase. The fox was thought of as master of the environment and so a challenge. These sports have also

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been associated with the upper class, although the working

classes found a similar satisfaction in “coarse fishing” and in

animal baiting.

Court games – Court games originally reflected culture –

sophisticated games were thought to represent sophisticated culture. Such games include real tennis, fives, rackets, squash and lawn tennis. The sports are non-contact and mainly individual contests. Because of the sophistication and expense, these games were often confined to the upper class.

Invasion games – These games, such as rugby and football, are warlike games, where the object is to invade

the opponent’s territory. The origin of these games lies in

mob games in which one part of a community played against another part, usually to defend o r steal something. Target games – These games involve the use of

marksmanship and include sports such as archery, with its clear link to war/defence and also sports such as golf and bowls. The urge to aim and hit targets is almost innate in humans.

Combat games – Combat sports were part of training for war and the preparation of Knights. Jousts/tournaments were part of this preparation. Young men were trained in events such as wrestling and gymnastics. The broadsword

and lance were “knightly” weapons. The freeman had the

long bow and the peasant relied on the quarterstaff. The Knights hunted as sport whilst the peasant hunted for food. The countryside was a place of recreation as well as a source of food.

Games involving ritual_– These games include baiting animals, such as bears and bulls, with dogs. The bull was

seen as “bad”, man showed his supremacy over the animal,

and everybody could own a dog. Baiting the bull before slaughter was often a legal requirement. This is another example of sport reflecting the society in which it exists –

but this sport shows an uncivilized society limited in its development.

1.7.3 Case Studies

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Labuan International Sea Sports Complex Fig. 4

A world class water sports center

Labuan International Sea Sports Complex is located at the waterfront area along Jalan Tanjung Purun. It is within close proximity to Labuan town center. The complex covers an area of 5.91 acres. It was a project under the 7th Malaysia plan and built at a total cost of RM25 million.

Fig. 4.1

Labuan International Sea Sports Complex is part of the Labuan waterfront beautification project. Its objective is to create a world-class water sports center and to develop more attractive places of interests in line with the Malaysian

Prime Minister’s vision to turn Labuan into a major island

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Fig. 4.2 Fig. 4.2

The improved infrastructure and facilities provided by The improved infrastructure and facilities provided by thisthis

complex is expected to enhance Labuan’s appeal to attract complex is expected to enhance Labuan’s appeal to attract

more tourists and investors. The

more tourists and investors. The modern amenities willmodern amenities will enable the island to host more international sea sports enable the island to host more international sea sports events and championships.

events and championships.

Fig. 4.3 Fig. 4.3

The Labuan International Sea Sports Complex is designed The Labuan International Sea Sports Complex is designed with three prominent structures connected to a main viewing with three prominent structures connected to a main viewing plaza. Every building houses a specific activity. Each of plaza. Every building houses a specific activity. Each of these imposing towers is an integral part of a large modern these imposing towers is an integral part of a large modern water sports complex. The architecture offers

water sports complex. The architecture offers a dramatica dramatic expression of nature, tradition and modern functionality. The expression of nature, tradition and modern functionality. The complex houses the main sea sports centre, an

complex houses the main sea sports centre, an

administrative block, a marine biology museum, souvenir administrative block, a marine biology museum, souvenir shops and eateries

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Fig. 4.4 Fig. 4.4

Sea Sports Centre Sea Sports Centre

This is a center for major sea sports activities and a venue This is a center for major sea sports activities and a venue for carnival. There is a large boat storage area that allows for carnival. There is a large boat storage area that allows direct access to the beach front. There are also facilities for direct access to the beach front. There are also facilities for changing room, rest area and general preparation. It serves changing room, rest area and general preparation. It serves as a permanent exhibition area for all type of sea sports as a permanent exhibition area for all type of sea sports

activities. It connects to the many ‘leisure walks’ on the activities. It connects to the many ‘leisure walks’ on the

beachfront. beachfront.

Museum of Marine Biology Museum of Marine Biology

The Museum of Marine Biology is sited together with the The Museum of Marine Biology is sited together with the Administrative block in a separate building. It

Administrative block in a separate building. It takes thetakes the shape of a semi circle fronting the sea with an open gallery. shape of a semi circle fronting the sea with an open gallery. A large part of the building space is used by the Maritime A large part of the building space is used by the Maritime Museum. While the rest of

Museum. While the rest of the space is for the space is for administrativeadministrative use such as meeting room and office spaces for sports use such as meeting room and office spaces for sports bodies. The podium level contains comfortable resting room bodies. The podium level contains comfortable resting room for VIP and additional gallery space for museum.

for VIP and additional gallery space for museum.

Fig.4.5 Fig.4.5

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Main plaza Main plaza

The main plaza is circular in shape. It is equipped with an The main plaza is circular in shape. It is equipped with an all weather windbreaker structure to withstand any adverse all weather windbreaker structure to withstand any adverse weather conditions. It serves as a centre stage to launch and weather conditions. It serves as a centre stage to launch and view all type of sea sports events.

view all type of sea sports events. Handicraft Center and Eateries Handicraft Center and Eateries

The handicraft centre and eateries are located on the west The handicraft centre and eateries are located on the west wing of the complex. The many fast food stall and small wing of the complex. The many fast food stall and small eateries selling local fares, plus the many souvenir and eateries selling local fares, plus the many souvenir and handicraft shops, make this place a hive of activities. It is a handicraft shops, make this place a hive of activities. It is a popular stopover for visiting tourists.

popular stopover for visiting tourists.

Dutch Water Dreams by Mieloo & Alexander Dutch Water Dreams by Mieloo & Alexander

Fig. 5 Fig. 5

At Dutch Water Dreams, a unique Olympic-level At Dutch Water Dreams, a unique Olympic-level whitewhite water sports complex in The Netherlands - Europe, an RTLS water sports complex in The Netherlands - Europe, an RTLS enabled visitor tracking and video system has been enabled visitor tracking and video system has been implemented. This solution identifies and locates

implemented. This solution identifies and locates visitors ofvisitors of this sports complex and makes personalized films of the this sports complex and makes personalized films of the visitors in specific action zones. Mieloo & Alexander was visitors in specific action zones. Mieloo & Alexander was responsible for implementing this solution. Since the responsible for implementing this solution. Since the environment is high demanding (both indoor

environment is high demanding (both indoor and outdoorand outdoor wth high levels of humidity, water, snow and high and low wth high levels of humidity, water, snow and high and low temperatures) Mieloo & Alexander selected a proven temperatures) Mieloo & Alexander selected a proven technology: Real Time Locating System (RTLS). This RTLS technology: Real Time Locating System (RTLS). This RTLS system enables accurate localization of the visitors in the system enables accurate localization of the visitors in the specific areas where video footage of their actions are specific areas where video footage of their actions are made. These films are of great benefit to both

made. These films are of great benefit to both

Dutch Water Dreams and the visitor: it is fun and besides Dutch Water Dreams and the visitor: it is fun and besides that, the customers can improve their skills by watching their that, the customers can improve their skills by watching their recorded rides.

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Fig. 5.1 Fig. 5.1

Project assignment: Project assignment:

RTLS enabled visitor tracking and

RTLS enabled visitor tracking and video system at Dutchvideo system at Dutch Water Dreams at Dutch Water Dreams (DWD), a unique Water Dreams at Dutch Water Dreams (DWD), a unique Olympic-level white water sports complex in The

Olympic-level white water sports complex in The Netherlands

Netherlands

-Europe, everyone can experience indoor surfing, body Europe, everyone can experience indoor surfing, body boarding and the rush of white

boarding and the rush of white water. The DWD whitewater. The DWD white water course is based on the design currently being built for water course is based on the design currently being built for the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The white water course is the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The white water course is 300 meters in length, 20 meters wide and drops 5 meters 300 meters in length, 20 meters wide and drops 5 meters top to bottom. To further enhance the experience of this top to bottom. To further enhance the experience of this white water sports complex, a Visitor Tracking

white water sports complex, a Visitor Tracking VideoVideo System was delivered; leveraging various technologies such System was delivered; leveraging various technologies such as, RFID enabled RTLS technology (Real Time Locating as, RFID enabled RTLS technology (Real Time Locating

System) and advanced digital video tracking. System) and advanced digital video tracking. Every visitor entering the Dutch

Every visitor entering the Dutch Water Dreams complexWater Dreams complex receives an active RFID tag, which is placed in a band on receives an active RFID tag, which is placed in a band on the upper arm. The position of the tag, i.e. visitor, is located the upper arm. The position of the tag, i.e. visitor, is located by the RTLS solution as visitors go through the sports

by the RTLS solution as visitors go through the sports complex at Dutch Water Dreams. The

complex at Dutch Water Dreams. The tags subsequentlytags subsequently trigger various cameras in specific zones to start recording. trigger various cameras in specific zones to start recording. At the end the day each visitor can download the movie At the end the day each visitor can download the movie from the internet and enjoy the experience once more. from the internet and enjoy the experience once more.

M&A’s approach and role Mieloo & Alexander had to deal M&A’s approach and role Mieloo & Alexander had to deal

with rather special demands, because of the environment of with rather special demands, because of the environment of this unique white water sports complex. The RTLS solution this unique white water sports complex. The RTLS solution delivered by Mieloo & Alexander had to work indoor and delivered by Mieloo & Alexander had to work indoor and in an outdoor environment, with high levels of humidity, in an outdoor environment, with high levels of humidity, water, snow and high and low

water, snow and high and low temperatures.temperatures.

Mieloo & Alexander delivered the RTLS solution providing Mieloo & Alexander delivered the RTLS solution providing the accurate location information of visitors in the complex. the accurate location information of visitors in the complex. This locating data of visitors is further used to trigger and This locating data of visitors is further used to trigger and control the video system throughout the complex. Mieloo & control the video system throughout the complex. Mieloo & Alexander further developed a middleware solution, Alexander further developed a middleware solution, whichwhich operates real-time between the RTLS- and the video system. operates real-time between the RTLS- and the video system.

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After enjoying this unique experience, the tags are handed After enjoying this unique experience, the tags are handed over by the visitor to the Dutch Water Dreams staff at the over by the visitor to the Dutch Water Dreams staff at the counter. In the mean time the video system edits all the counter. In the mean time the video system edits all the video footage in an automated process and stores the film video footage in an automated process and stores the film enabling the customers to download the film with his or her enabling the customers to download the film with his or her name and the password printed on the ticket.

name and the password printed on the ticket.

Fig. 5.2 Fig. 5.2

Dutch Water Dreams is a unique

Dutch Water Dreams is a unique Olympic-level white waterOlympic-level white water sports complex. It was founded with the intention of being sports complex. It was founded with the intention of being the first indoor surfing facility in the Netherlands.

the first indoor surfing facility in the Netherlands. Everybody can experience indoor surfing, kayaking, Everybody can experience indoor surfing, kayaking, rafting, body boarding and the rush of white water. rafting, body boarding and the rush of white water. The white water course is based on the design of the The white water course is based on the design of the Olympic course in Beijing (China) and offers top Olympic course in Beijing (China) and offers top international athletes a unique facility for

international athletes a unique facility for training.training. Chong Hing Water Sports Centre

Chong Hing Water Sports Centre

Situated at the West Sea Cofferdam of

Situated at the West Sea Cofferdam of the High Islandthe High Island Reservoir within Sai Kung Country

Reservoir within Sai Kung Country Park, Chong Hing WaterPark, Chong Hing Water Sports Centre offers a magnificent view of the countryside. Sports Centre offers a magnificent view of the countryside. Its vast artificial lake is ideal for water sports activities. The Its vast artificial lake is ideal for water sports activities. The Centre is also a perfect place for day and tent camping. Centre is also a perfect place for day and tent camping. Since it is located within Sai Kung Country Park, campers Since it is located within Sai Kung Country Park, campers can feast their eyes on the beauty of nature and the can feast their eyes on the beauty of nature and the scenery of High Island Reservoir as well as enjoy a sense of scenery of High Island Reservoir as well as enjoy a sense of tranquility by getting away from the

tranquility by getting away from the hustle and bustle ofhustle and bustle of the city.

the city.

Fig. 6 Fig. 6

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A wide range of water sports equipment such as sailing dinghies, windsurfing boards and kayaks/canoes is provided at the Centre for holders of the relevant

certificates to hire. For novices without any qualifications in water sports but are able to swim at least 50 meters, they may hire other water sports equipment such as recreational kayaks, color boats, sampans and pedal-driven boats. Its land-based facilities include an archery range, a basketball court, a multi-purpose lawn area, a volleyball field, a campfire site, a barbecue site, an assembly hall for recreational activities, sitting-out areas and a kitchen.

’Fig. 6.1

Water Sports Activities

The Centre provides a wide range of water sports

equipment including single, double and recreational kayaks, Canadian and surf canoes, color boats, sampans, pedal-driven boats, windsurfing boards and sailing dinghies. Apart from providing training courses on sailing, windsurfing and kayaking/canoeing, the Centre also organizes

package training courses or fun days for groups and organizations. Holders of the relevant certificates may hire the sailing dinghies, windsurfing boards or kayaks/canoes for self-practice.

Day Camping Activities

The land-based activities provided by the Centre include archery, ball games (basketball, football, volleyball and badminton) and board games, kite flying, orienteering, barbecue and campfire gathering.

Tent Camping Activities

Campers may spend their night outdoors by camping at the spacious lawn of the campsite. Apart from providing tents, mattresses and sleeping bags for campers, the Centre may

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also organize special evening programs for campers' enjoyment.

Water Sports Centre Čunovo

TheWater Sports Centre Čunovo is an artificial whitewater slalom course in Slovakia, on an island in the Danube river, 14 km southeast of Bratislava, near the village of Čunovo. It

is powered by flow diversion from theČunovo dam. Since 1997, it has hosted a full schedule of local, regional, and international competitions, including the 1997 Slalom World

Cup. Fig. 7

Course Description

The Centre has two parallel whitewater channels; the drop is the same for both channels, 6.6 meters (22 ft). The left channel is 356 meters long, with a 1.9% slope of 19 m/km

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(98 ft/mile) and a stream flow of 7 to 22 m³/sec (247 to 777 ft³/sec). The right channel is 460 meters long, with a 1.4% slope of 14 m/km (76 ft/mile) and a stream flow of 7 to 12 m³/sec (247 to 424 ft³/sec). When both channels are watered, the left channel streamflow is 15 m³/sec (530 ft³/sec) and the right is 7 m³/sec (247 ft³/sec).

The two channels are connected at two crossover points, making a total of five alternative routes from start to finish. From a start in the left channel, there are three ways to run the course; from a right channel start there are two. Any run which ends up in the left channel includes a sheer final drop called "Niagara."

A conveyor-belt boat lift carries paddlers in their boats up to a 225-meter-long return canal on a level with the start pool.

The Water Sports Centre Čunovo was built in 1996 on an

island near the mid-river end of the Čunovo dam, a flood control feature of the Čunovo to Gabčíkovo dam system.

The island is high enough to remain dry during floods. In March 2002 and again the same August, the whitewater

course was inundated, but the buildings and most of the island remained above water.

When the Water Sports Centre operates at full capacity, with the two whitewater channels carrying a combined total of 22 m³/sec (777 ft³/sec), it siphons off between 9% and 4.5% of the river's normal flow of 250 to 600 m³/sec (8,830 to 21,200 ft³/sec).

Full course operation represents a 4-Megawatt sacrifice of electricity production at the Gabčíkovo dam 30 km farther downstream. Although the water flowing through the slalom course represents only 1.4 Megawatts of energy, if it

stayed in the reservoir until it reached the Gabčíkovo dam,

with a higher vertical drop, its energy potential would be greater. This fact makes the course more expensive to operate, in energy terms, than a similar pump-powered facility.

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1.7.3.2 Local

Camsur Water Sports Complex

Design

The Camsur Watersports Comlex is the first world-class watersports complex in the Philippines and in Asia. CWC aims to bring cable skiing to a whole new level and attract water sports enthusiasts from all over the world with its top of the line facilities and relaxing environment. This six (6)-hectare complex, with its 6-point cable ski system, is sure to draw guests, riders and spectators by the thousands. Because of good weather conditions, cable skiing in the park can be done all year round.

Fig. 8 Location

The Camsur Water sports Complex is located within the Provincial Capitol Complex, Cadlan, Pili, Camarines Sur. The province of Camarines Sur, situated in southeastern part of Luzon is found in the Philippines, Southeast Asia.

From Asia, Europe or the USA, fly to Manila, Philippines (NAIA or Centennial 2 Airports) and take a 35 minute domestic flight via Philippine Airlines to Naga Airport, Pili. The Camsur Water sports Complex is a 3-minute or 1.5

kilometer drive from the Naga Airport. If you’re up for a

road trip, air-conditioned and ordinary buses ply the 8-hour route daily to and from Manila

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Fig. 8.1 Ride on Water

Cable skiing is simply water-skiing where the skier is pulled by an overhead cable suspended 8-12 meters above water surface by specifically designed pylons. The cables run counter clockwise around the lake. It is powered by a variable speed electric motor which can maintain speeds between 20 - 65 km/h.

Fig. 8.2 Other facilities

Free use of basic equipment (beginner wakeboards, water skis and knee boards) for those new to the sport.

Free basic and safety instruction by CWCs resident instructors and operators.

World class obstacle courses designed to challenge even the most advanced riders yet safe

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enough for the brave ones who dare to try tricks for the very first time

Gear up for the ride withthe cable park’s

Pro Shop which is equipped with everything a rider needs to pursue the desired sport.

Besides the ramps and obstacles, the park has also set aside a beach volleyball area and a pool for those who would like to take a break from the boards but still want to keep bathing under the sun.

A Clubhouse is built for the guest’s dining

area and for live entertainment. Guests can also chill at the Clubhouse and enjoy round of billiards, darts and foosball.

An elevated spectator area is placed beside the lake so that the guests will have a better view of the exhibitions.

The park also boasts of Wi-Fi capability which enables the guests to take a break from the

bustles of the city yet still remain connected to the necessities of the world.

Accommodations within walking distance from the park are also readily available for small or big groups.

Fig. 8.3

Accommodations

Accommodations within walking distance from the Camsur Water sports Complex are readily available for anyone that wishes to visit the cable park for a weekend or

Rabang Thesis

Table of Contents

Chapter 1

Introduction