Part and Assembly Modeling
with ANSYS DesignModeler 14
Contents
Preface 2
Section A. Sketching 5
Exercise 1. Arm 6
Exercise 1a. Structural Analysis of the Arm 21 Exercise 2. Ratchet Stop 28
Exercise 3. Ratchet Wheel 35 Exercise 4. Cover Plate 44
Section B. Part Modeling 54
Exercise 5. Crank 55
Exercise 6. Geneva Gear Index 64 Exercise 7. Yoke 72
Exercise 8. Support 79
Exercise 8a. Structural Analysis of the Support 88 Exercise 9. Wheel 94
Exercise 10. Pipe 98
Exercise 11. C-Bar Dynamometer 106 Exercise 11a. Deformation of the C-Bar 111 Exercise 12. Threaded Shaft 119
Exercise 13. Lifting Fork 124 Exercise 14. Caster Frame 130
Section C. Assembly Modeling 144
Exercise 15. Threaded Shaft Assembly 145 Exercise 16. Universal Joint 152
Exercise 16a. Dynamic Simulation of the Universal Joint 165 Exercise 17. Clamping Mechanism 176
Exercise 17a. Simulation of the Clamping Mechanism 197
Section D. Concept Modeling 215
Exercise 18. 2D Solid Modeling (Arm) 216
Exercise 18a. Structural Analysis of the Arm Using 2D Model 219 Exercise 19. Surface Modeling (Support) 225
Exercise 19a. Structural Analysis of the Support Using Surface Model 230 Exercise 20. Line Modeling (Space Truss) 234
2 Preface
Preface
Use of the Book
This book is designed for those who want to learn how to create parts and assembly models using ANSYS DesignModeler. The author assumes no previous CAD/CAE experiences to begin with the book.
This book is mainly designed as an auxiliary tutorial in a course using ANSYS as a CAE platform. In particular, this book can serve as a preparation to the author's another book Finite Element Simulations with ANSYS Workbench 14, which emphasizes on finite element simulations rather than geometry modeling such that the exercises on geometry modeling (especially assembly modeling) may not be adequate.
ANSYS DesignModeler
ANSYS DesignModeler is a CAD program running under ANSYS Workbench environment. The DesignModeler can create geometries as sophisticated as any other CAD programs. Yet, many engineers choose to create geometry models using other CAD programs (e.g., Pro/Engineer, SolidWorks) and then import them into an ANSYS simulation module (such as Mechanical) for simulations. One of the reasons may be that, other than the training materials provided by the ANSYS Inc., there exist no tutorials in the bookstore. That is the main reason that I created this book. The DesignModeler is designed specifically for creating models which can be seamlessly imported into an ANSYS simulation modules (such as Mechanical). Therefore, if a geometry model is solely used for ANSYS simulations, I strongly suggest that we create the model from scratch using DesignModeler, rather than other CAD programs, to avoid any unnecessary incompatibilities.
Structure of the Book
There are 20 exercises and 8 appendices in the book; each of them is designed in a step-by-step tutorial style. The 20 exercises involve creating parts and assemblies models, while the 8 appendices show how to perform simulations using some of the models. If you are not currently interested in simulations, you may freely skip the 8 appendices without affecting the learning of the 20 exercises.
An assembly consists of two or more parts. Each part can be viewed as boolean operations (union, subtraction, etc.) of simpler 3D bodies. Each of the 3D bodies usually can be created by a two-step operation: drawing a 2D sketch on a 2D plane and then generate the 3D body by extrusion, revolution, sweeping, or skin/lofting.
The book is divided into 4 sections. Section A lets students familiarize with sketching techniques. Section B contains exercises of part modeling. Section C consists of exercises of assembly modeling. The last section introduces the creations of concept models, including 2D models, surface models, and line models. A concept model is a
Companion Webpage
A webpage dedicated to this book is maintained by the author:
http://myweb.ncku.edu.tw/~hhlee/Myweb_at_NCKU/ADM14.html
The webpage contains links to finished project files of each exercise and appendix. If everything works smoothly, you do not need them at all. Every model can be built from scratch according to the steps described in the book. The author provides these project files just in some cases you need them. For examples, if you have troubles to follow the geometry details in the textbook, you may need to look up the geometry details from the project files.
Huei-Huang Lee Associate Professor
Department of Engineering Science National Cheng Kung University Tainan, Taiwan
[email protected] myweb.ncku.edu.tw/~hhlee
Section A
Sketching
An assembly is a combination of parts. From manufacture point of view, a part is a basic unit for manufacturing process. Many parts can be created by a two-step operation: drawing a 2D sketch on a plane and then generate a 3D body by extrusion, revolution, sweeping, or skin/lofting.
The exercises in Section A are designed to introduce the 2D sketching techniques provided by the
DesignModeler. Each part created in Section A involves drawing a sketch and then extrude to generate a 3D solid body representing the part.
Although it can be used as a general purpose CAD software, the DesignModeler is particularly designed for creating geometric models to be analyzed (simulated) under the ANSYS environment. To let the readers understand what it means by analysis (simulation) as early as possible, an exercise (Exercise 1a) is appended right after Exercise 1 to perform a structural analysis for the part created in Exercise 1. However, the reader has option to skip Exercise 1a without affect the subsequent learning of geometric modeling.
6 Exercise 1. Arm X Y 1.375 2. 25 Unit: in. Thickness: 0.125 in. R0.5 3 × D0.25 R0.313 R0.25 R0.313 [2] Details of the arm. [3] The global coordinate system.
[1] The arm is a part of a clamping
mechanism.
Exercise 1
Arm
In this exercise, we will create a 3D solid model for an arm, which is a part of a clamping mechanism [1]. The clamping mechanism will be introduced in Exercise 17 and simulated in Exercise 17a.
The arm model consists of a single solid body, which can be generated by extruding a sketch by a thickness of 0.125 inches [2].
Before creating a geometry model, we must set up a global coordinate system. For this exercise, we arbitrarily choose the global coordinate system as shown [3]. Note that the origin is on the back surface of the part.
[2] The <Workbench GUI> (graphical user interface) shows up.
[3] Click the plus sign (+) to expand <Component Systems>. The plus sign
becomes minus sign.
[4] Double-click to create a <Geometry> system.
[7] Double-click <Geometry> to start up the DesignModeler.
[6] You may click here to show the messages from ANSYS Inc. To hide the
message, click it again. [1] Launch ANSYS
Workbench.
1-2 Start Up DesignModeler
[5] A <Geometry> system is created in the <Project
8 Exercise 1. Arm
[10] Click <OK>. Note that, after clicking and entering DesignModeler, the
length unit cannot be changed anymore. [9] Select <Inch> as length unit. [8] <DesignModeler GUI> shows up.
Speech Bubbles
1. In this book, each exercise is divided into subsections (e.g., 1-1, 1-2). In each subsection, speech bubbles are ordered with numbers, which are enclosed by pairs of square brackets (e.g., [1], [2]). When you read, please follow the order of speech bubble; the order is significant.
2. The square-bracket numbers also serve as reference numbers when referred in other text. When in the same subsection, we simply refer to a speech bubble by its number (e.g., [1], [2]). When in the other subsections, we refer to a speech bubble by its subsection identifier and its bubble number (e.g., 1-2[1]).
3. When a circle is used with a speech bubble, it is to indicate that mouse or keyboard ACTIONS are needed in that step [1, 3, 4, 7, 9, 10]. A circle may be filled with white color [1, 4, 7] or unfilled [3, 9, 10]. A speech bubble without a circle [2, 8] or with a rectangle [6] is used for commentary only, i.e., no mouse or keyboard actions are needed.
Workbench Keywords
A pair of angle brackets is used to highlight an Workbench keyword (e.g., <Component Systems> in [3]). Sometimes, if the angle brackets do not add any clarity, they may be dropped (e.g., DesignModeler).
Clicking and Selecting
1-3 Prepare to Draw a Sketch on <XYPlane>
[1] By default, <XYPlane> is the current sketching plane (active plane).
[2] Click to switch to <Sketching Mode>. Note that there are 5 toolboxes available: Draw, Modify, Dimension, Constraints, and Settings.
<Draw> is the default toolbox.
[3] Click <Look At Face/Plane/ Sketch> to rotate the view angle so that you look at the
current sketching plane.
[4] By default, the ruler is on. In the next step, we will
turn off the ruler to make more sketching space.
[5] Select <View/ Ruler> to turn it off.
For the rest of this book, we always leave
the ruler off.
[6] This is the global coordinate system.
[7] This is the plane (local) coordinate
10 Exercise 1. Arm
1-4 Draw a Circle with Dimension
[1] Select <Circle> tool.
[2] In case you don't see the <Circle> tool,
scroll down to reveal the tool.
[3] It gives you hints for using the tool.
[4] Move the mouse around the origin until
a <P> (Point) appears and then click the mouse to locate the
center of the circle. The ability to "snap" a point is a feature of the
DesignModeler, called <Auto Constraints>.
[5] Move the mouse away from the center and
then click the mouse to create a circle with
arbitrary radius. [7] Select <Dimension> toolbox. [8] Select <Diameter> tool.
[9] Select the circle, move the mouse outward, and then click
to create a dimension. Note that the circle turns
blue, meaning the circle has fully constrained
(fixed in the space). [10] In the <Details
View>, type 0.25 for the diameter.
[11] It is possible that the circle becomes too small. Select <Zoom to
Fit> tool to fit the sketch into the graphics window. Now, we may need
to adjust (move) the position of the dimension.
[6] As soon as you begin to draw, a name
is assigned to the sketch and it becomes
[12] Select <Move> tool. Remember to scroll down to reveal a tool if
you don't see the tool.
[13] Select the dimension, move to a suitable position, and
then click again.
[14] Whenever necessary, select <Zoom to Fit> tool to fit the sketch into the graphics window.
[15] Select <Display> tool. You may need to scroll down to reveal the tool if you don't see
the tool.
[16] Click <Name> to turn the dimension name off. Note that <Value> automatically
turns on.
[17] Instead of displaying dimension name, now the dimension value is displayed. For the rest of the book, we always display dimension values
12 Exercise 1. Arm
1-5 Draw Two More Circles
[1] Click anywhere in the graphics window and then scroll the mouse wheel down to zoom out the sketch roughly like this. [2] Select <Draw>
toolbox.
[4] Move the mouse around the horizontal
axis until a <C> (Coincident) appears
and then click the mouse to locate the
center of the circle. This center is snapped on the horizontal axis.
[5] Move the mouse until an <R> (Radius) appears and then click the
mouse. The radius dimension is constrained to be the same as the first circle. Note that the circle is greenish-blue, meaning it is not
fully fixed in the space yet. A horizontal location is needed to
fully defined the circle.
[6] Create another circle in a similar way. Make sure a <C> and
an <R> appear before clicking. A vertical location is needed to fully
defined the circle. [3] Select
[7] Select <Dimension> toolbox
and then select <Horizontal> tool.
[8] Select the vertical axis. Note that the shape
of the mouse cursor changes when your mouse
is on the axis.
[9] Select the center of the circle. Note that the
shape of the mouse cursor changes when your
mouse is on the point.
[10] Move the mouse upward roughly here and click to locate a horizontal dimension. Note that the circle turns
blue (fully constrained).
[11] In the <Details View>, type 1.375 for
the horizontal dimension.
[12] Remember that you always can use <Zoom to Fit> and scroll the mouse wheel [1]
to zoom in/out the view. Also, to "pan" the view, simply move the mouse while holding the
control-middle-button.
[13] Select <Vertical> tool.
[14] Select horizontal axis, select the center of the lower
circle, move the mouse leftward roughly here, and click
to locate a vertical dimension. The circle turns blue. [15] In the <Details
View>, type 2.25 for the vertical
dimension.
[16] Before going further, make sure you familiarize the two most frequently used view operations: scrolling the mouse wheel to zoom
in/out the view and moving mouse with control-middle-button to pan the view.
14 Exercise 1. Arm
1-6 Draw Three Concentric Circles
[1] Select the <Draw/ Circle> tool, and draw a concentric circle. Make sure
a <P> appears before defining the center. [2] Select the <Dimension/
Radius> tool, and create a radius dimension for the
circle. In the <Details View>, type 0.313 for the
radius.
[3] Select the <Draw/Circle> tool, and draw a concentric circle with the
same radius as the previous circle. Make sure a <P> appears before
defining the center and an <R> appears before defining the radius. [4] With the <Draw/Circle>
tool still selected, draw a concentric circle. Make sure a
<P> appears before defining the center.
[5] Select the <Dimension/ Radius> tool, and create a radius dimension for the
circle. In the <Details View>, type 0.5 for the
1-7 Draw Tangent Lines
[1] Select the <Draw/Line by 2 Tangents> tool, and then select the two circles to be tangent to. A tangent
line is created.
[2] Create additional three tangent lines in a
16 Exercise 1. Arm
1-8 Draw a Fillet
[1] Select the <Modify/ Fillet> tool, and type 0.25
for <Radius>.
[2] Select these two lines. A fillet is created. Note that the fillet is not blue-colored. We need to specify the radius. The radius typed in [1] is not
necessarily the final dimension; it just serves as
a default dimension.
[3] Select the <Dimension/Radius> tool, and create a radius dimension for the fillet. You don't need to type in the <Details View>, since the default value [1] is automatically used. Note that the
1-9 Trim Away Unwanted Segments
[1] Select the <Modify/ Trim> tool, and turn on <Ignore Axis>, meaning that the axes will not serve
as trimming tools.
[2] Click the circle roughly here to trim
away the arc. Note that when you select
an edge (a line or a curve), the remaining
edges will serve as trimming tools. [3] Click to trim
away two other arcs.
[4] The sketch after trimming.
18 Exercise 1. Arm
1-10 Extrude the Sketch to Create the Arm
[1] Select <Extrude> tool. [2] It automatically switches to <Modeling Mode>, in which a <Tree Outline> is displayed, which will
be explained later.
[3] Click the little cyan sphere
to rotate the view into an isometric view. [4] Type 0.125 for the <Depth>. [6] Click <Generate> to produce a 3D solid body. [7] Click <Display Plane> to turn off the display of XYPlane (and the sketches it contains).
1-11 Save the Project and Exit Workbench
[1] Select <File/Close DesignModeler>. The <DesignModeler GUI>
disappears.
[2] In the <Workbench GUI>, save the project
as "Arm."
[3] Select <File/ Exit> to quit
from the Workbench. [5] The active sketch is
automatically taken as <Geometry>.
Global Coordinate System
Before creating a geometry model, you must set up a global coordinate system (1-1[3], 1-3[6]).
Workbench GUI
In the <Workbench GUI> (1-2[2]), you can create a system (1-2[4]) and start up DesignModeler (1-2[7]). Other capabilities will be introduced later.
Project Schematic
Created systems appear on the <Project Schematic>, an area in the <Workbench GUI>.
DesignModeler GUI
Geometries are created entirely within the <DesignModeler GUI> (1-2[8]).
Length Unit
Before creating a model in the DesignModeler, you must choose a length unit (1-2[9, 10]). The length unit cannot be changed thereafter.
Mouse Operations
Click -- Left-click the mouse button. Select -- Left-click the mouse button. Double-Click -- Left-click the mouse button twice. Zoom In/Out -- Scroll the mouse wheel
Pan -- Move the mouse while holding control-left-button. Other mouse operations will be introduced later.
Current Sketching Plane
Each sketch is stored in the current sketching plane (1-3[1]). Manipulating (switching, creating, etc.) sketching planes will be introduced later.
Sketching Mode v.s. Modeling Mode
Tools for sketching are provided in the <Sketching> mode (1-3[2]), while tools for creating and manipulating bodies are provided in the <Modeling> mode (1-10[2]). There are 5 toolboxes available: Draw, Modify, Dimension,
Constraints, and Settings. Tools in <Modeling> mode includes <Extrude> (1-10[1]). Some tools are available in both modes, e.g., <Zoom To Fit> (1-4[11]).
Look At Face/Plane/Sketch
Clicking this tool to rotate the view angle so that you look at the current sketching plane (1-3[3]).
Ruler
The ruler (1-3[4, 5]) is to help you obtain a better feeling of the drawing scale. In this book, we always leave the ruler off to make more sketching space.
Plane Coordinate System
Every plane has its own coordinate system (1-3[7]); it is also called a local coordinate system. The plane coordinate system will be explained further later.
20 Exercise 1. Arm
Scrolling
In case you don't see a tool in a toolbox, scroll down/up to reveal the tool (1-4[2]). There is also a scrolling controller for the <Details View>.
Tools in <Draw> Toolbox
Circle -- Draw a circle, giving the center and the radius (1-4[1, 3-5]).
Line by 2 Tangent -- Draw a line tangent to two curves (including circles and arcs) (1-7[1, 2]).
Tools in <Dimension> Toolbox
Radius -- Specify a radius dimension by selecting a circle (1-4[6, 8-10]) or an arc (1-8[2]). Move -- Move (relocate) a dimension name/value by dragging the name/value (1-4[12, 13]). Display -- This tool is to toggle the display of dimension name and the dimension value (1-4[15-17]). In this book, we always turn off the dimension name and turn on the dimension value. Horizontal -- Specify a horizontal dimension by first selecting a or a point (or a vertical line) and then a second point (or a vertical line) (1-5[7-10]).
Vertical -- Specify a vertical dimension by first selecting a or a point (or a horizontal line) and then a second point (or a horizontal line) (1-5[13, 14]).
Tools in <Modify> Toolbox
Fillet -- Create a fillet by selecting two lines or curves (1-8[1-3]). Trim -- Trim away unwanted segments (1-9[1-4]).
Auto Constraints
P -- The mouse cursor snaps to a point (or the origin) (1-4[4]). R -- The radius is the same as another circle (or arc) (1-4[5]). C -- The mouse cursor is coincident to a line (or an axis) (1-5[4, 6]). Other auto constraint features will be introduced later.
Color Codes
Greenish-blue -- Under-constrained (1-8[2])
Blue -- Fully constrained (fixed in the space) (1-4[9], 1-5[10,14]). Red -- Over-constrained
Zoom To Fit
Click this tool to fit the entire sketch (in the <Sketching> mode) or entire model (in the <Modeling> mode) into the graphics window (1-4[14]).
Extrude
This tool extrude a sketch by a specified depth to create a 3D body (1-10[1-5]). More exercises will be given later.
Isometric View
Click the little cyan sphere of the triad will rotate the view into an isometric view (1-10[3]). Other view controls will be introduced later.
Display Plane
[2] This is the deformed structure under the design loads. The wireframe is the underformed configuration. Note that, for visual effects, the deformation has been
exaggerated.
Appendix:
Exercise 1a
Structural Analysis of the Arm
Although it can be used as a general purpose CAD software, the DesignModeler is particularly designed for creating geometric models to be analyzed (simulated) under the ANSYS environment. The purpose of this exercise is to let the readers understand what it means by analysis (simulation). However, the reader has option to skip this exercise without affect the subsequent learning of geometric modeling.
In this exercise, we will perform a static structural analysis for the arm created in Exercise 1. The objective is to find the deformation and stresses under the working loads.
The clamping mechanism is entirely made of steel and is designed to withstand a clamping force of 450 lbf [1]. After a
structural analysis of the entire mechanism [2] (also see Exercise 17a), the results show shows that, to withstand a clamping force of 450 lbf, the arm is subject to external forces as shown [3] (also see 17a-13). Note that the external forces are in a state of static equilibrium.
The analysis for the entire clamping mechanism will be perform in Exercise 17a. In this exercise, we will only perform a analysis on the arm. The purpose is to make sure the stresses are within the allowable stress of the steel, which is 30,000 psi.
The analysis task cannot not be performed in DesignModeler. Rather, it is carried out with <Mechanical>, another Workbench application program.
1a-1 Introduction
[1] The clamping mechanism is designed to withstand a clamping force of 450 lbf. 281 lbf 126 lbf 264 lbf 187 lbf 407 lbf 77 lbf [3] The external forces on the arm.These forces are calculated according to
22 Exercise 1a. Structural Analysis of the Arm
[2] Open the project "Arm," which was saved in Exercise 1. [1] Launch ANSYS
Workbench.
1a-2 Start Up <Mechanical>
[3] Double-click to create a <Static Structural>
analysis system.
[4] Drag <Geometry>...
[5] And drop here. A link is created, indicating that both <Geometry> share
the same data.
[6] Double-click to start up the <Mechanical>.
[7] This is the <Mechanical> GUI. Note that the model is automatically brought into <Mechanical>. By default, the body
is assumed to be made of steel.
[8] Make sure the length unit is <in.>. If not, select the right unit from
the pull-down menu <Units> (see [9]).
[9] If the length unit is not <in.>, select <Units/U.S. Customary (in,
lbm, lbf, F, s, V, A)>. Unlike DesignModeler, the units can be
changed any time as you like in <Mechanical>.
24 Exercise 1a. Structural Analysis of the Arm
1a-3 Specify Loads
[1] Click to highlight <Static Structural>.
[2] Select <Loads/ Force>.
[3] A <Force> object is inserted under the <Static
Structural> branch. cylindrical face.[4] Select this [5] Click <Apply>.
[6] Select <Components>.
[7] Type -187 (lbf) for <X Component>, and 126 (lbf)
for <Y Component>.
[8] Select <Loads/ Force> again. [9] A <Force 2> object is inserted. [10] Select this cylindrical face. [11] Click <Apply>. [12] Select <Components>. [13] Type 264 (lbf) for <X Component>, and 281 (lbf)
[1] Select <Supports/ Fixed Support>. [2] A <Fixed Support> is inserted. [4] Click <Apply>. [3] Select this cylindrical face.
1a-4 Specify Supports
1a-5 Insert Result Objects
[1] Click to highlight <Solution>.
[3] A solution object is inserted under the <Solution> branch.
[2] Select <Stress/ Equivalent (von-Mises)>.
26 Exercise 1a. Structural Analysis of the Arm
1a-6 Solve the Model
[1] Click <Solve>.
[7] Click to close the <Message> window.
[8] Click <Play> to animate the deformation.
[9] Click <Stop> to stop the animation.
[2] Click the Z-axis to rotate the view so that you look into the
<XYPlane>.
[3] The maximum stress is 29,690 psi, slightly below
the allowable stress (30,000 psi). Note that the
maximum stress can be reduced by increasing the
radius of the fillet.
[6] For visual effect, the deformation is
automatically
enlarged 49 times. [5] Undeformed
shape. [4] Select <Edges/
Show Undeformed WireFrame>.
1a-7 Save the Project and Exit Workbench
[1] Select <File/Close Mechanical>. The <Mechanical GUI> disappears. [2] In the <Workbench GUI>, save the project as"Arm-a".
[3] Select <File/ Exit> to quit from
28 Exercise 2. Ratchet Stop
Exercise 2
Ratchet Stop
The ratchet stop is used to control a ratchet wheel so that the ratchet wheel rotates in a certain direction only [1, 2]. The ratchet wheel will be created in Exercise 3. In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for the ratchet stop.
The details of the ratchet stop are shown in the figure below [3]. Note that the coordinate system is also shown in the figure.
2-1 Introduction
[2] The ratchet stop is used to control the rotational direction ofthe ratchet wheel. [1] The ratchet wheel. Y X 0.57 0. 125 Unit: in. Thickness: 0.125 in. R0.56 R0.188 R0.34 0.16 Sl op: 4 0 [3] Details of the ratchet stop.
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start
up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as the length
unit (1-2[9, 10]). [1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system (1-2[1-5]).
2-2 Start Up DesignModeler
2-3 Draw a Circle on XYPlane
[1] Switch to <Sketching Mode> (1-3[2]). [2] Rotate to XYPlane view (1-3[3]) [3] Draw a circle centered at the plane origin
(1-4[1-5]).
[4] Select <Dimension/Radius> tool and specify a radius of 0.188 (in.) for the circle. Remember to turn on the display of dimension
value (1-4[15-17]). Also remember to use <Dimension/Move> to move the dimension to
30 Exercise 2. Ratchet Stop
2-4 Draw a Line
[1] Select <Draw/ Line> tool and
draw a line roughly like this. [2] Select <Dimension/General>
tool and create a length dimension by simply selecting the line segment and move the
mouse upward. Specify a dimension value of 0.16 (in.).
[3] Select <Dimension/Horizontal> tool and specify a horizontal dimension of 0.57 (in.) (1-5[7-11]). [4] Select <Dimension/
Vertical> tool and specify a vertical dimension of 0.125 (in.) (1-5[13-15]).
[5] The line is not blue-colored, meaning it isn't fully defined in the space yet. We now specify an angle dimension
for the line.
2-5 Specify an Angle Dimension
[1] To specify an angle dimension, you need to select two lines (or axes). When you select a line (or axis), the end near where you click become
the "arrow end" of the line. The angle is then measured from the first line to the second line in a counter-clockwise fashion.
[2] Select <Dimension/ Angle> tool and then click the X-axis on the
positive side. [3] Click the line
here near the upper-right end.
[4] Click here to create an angle dimension. Type 40 (degrees) in the
<Details View>. Note that the angle is measured counter-clockwise from the first line to the second. Also
note that the line is blue-colored now.
[5] If you made mistakes (click on wrong ends or in a wrong order) and the angle is not what you meant, right-click anywhere in the graphics window to bring up a <Context Menu> and choose <Alternate Angle>. Repeat this before
2-6 Draw Arcs
[1] Select <Draw/Arc by Center> tool and then
click roughly here to define the center.
[3] Click to define another end roughly
here on the circle. [2] Click the
upper-right end of the line to define an end of
the arc.
[4] An arc is created.
[5] Select <Dimension/ Radius> tool and
specify a radius
dimension of 0.56 in. [6] Select <Constraints/ Tangent> tool and then select
the arc and the circle. A <Tangent> constraint is imposed between the arc and
the circle. Note that the arc turns blue.
[7] Also note that the center of the arc moves to a new location to
32 Exercise 2. Ratchet Stop
[8] Select <Draw/Arc by Center> tool again and define the center roughly
here. [9] Click the lower-left end of the line to
define an end of the arc.
[10] Click to define another end roughly here on the circle.
[11] Select <Dimension/ Radius> tool and specify
a radius dimension of 0.34 in.
[12] Select <Constraints/ Tangent> tool and impose a
<Tangent> constraint between the newly created
2-7 Trim Away Unwanted Segments
[1] Select <Modify/Trim> tool and make sure <Ignore Axis> is
turned on (1-9[1]). Click here to trim away the arc segment.
[2] The finished sketch.
2-8 Extrude the Sketch to Create the Ratchet Stop
[1] Extrude the sketch 0.125 in. to create the ratchet stop (1-10[1-6]).
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Stop," and exit the Workbench (1-11[1-3]).
34 Exercise 2. Ratchet Stop
Context Menu
When you right-click the mouse, a menu pops up. The contents of the menu depends on when and where you right-click the mouse. The menu is thus called the <Context Menu> (2-5[5]). Try to right-click anywhere in the graphics area, <Details View>, or <Tree Outline> (1-10[2]), to see the contents of the <Context Menu>.
<Dimension/General> Tool
This tool can be used for any type of dimension. For a line, the default is to create a <Length> dimension (2-4[2]). For a circle or arc, the default is to create a diameter dimension. If the default is not what you want, right-click anywhere in the graphics window to bring up the <Context Menu> [1] and choose a dimension type.
<Dimension/Angle> Tool
To specify an angle dimension, you need to select two lines (or axes). When you select a line (or axis), the end near where you click become the "arrow end" of the line. The angle is then measured from the first line to the second line in a counter-clockwise fashion (2-5[1-4]).
If you made mistakes (click on wrong ends or in a wrong order) and the angle is not what you meant, right-click anywhere in the graphics window to bring up the <Context Menu> [2] and choose <Alternate Angle>. Repeat this until the correct angle appears before you click to locate the angle dimension (2-5[5]).
<Draw/Line> Tool
This tool draws a line by defining two end points (2-4[1])).
<Draw/Arc By Center> Tool
This tool draws an arc by defining its center and two end points (2-6[1-4]).
<Constraints/Tangent> Tool
This tool impose a <Tangent> constraint between two curves or between a line and a curve (2-6[6, 12]).
2-9 Review
[1] This is the <Context Menu> when <Dimension/General> is
activated.
[1] This is the <Context Menu> after you select two lines (or axes) and before you click to create
Exercise 3
Ratchet Wheel
In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for the ratchet wheel mentioned in Exercise 2 [1]. The details of the ratchet wheel are shown in the figure below [2].
3-1 Introduction
[1] The ratchet wheel. Y X Unit: in. Thickness: 0.25 in. D0.25 1. 00 15 60 [2] Details of the ratchet wheel.36 Exercise 3. Ratchet
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start
up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as the length
unit.
[1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
3-2 Start Up DesignModeler
3-3 Draw Two Concentric Circles
[1] On XYPlane, draw two concentric circles with diameters of 0.25 in. and
3-4 Draw Lines with Angle Dimensions
[1] Draw a line passing the origin like this.
[2] Specify an angle dimension of 15 degrees. Remember to
select the line first and then the axis. Clicking positions are
also important (2-5[1-5]).
[3] Draw another line like
this.
[4] Specify an angle dimension of 60
38 Exercise 3. Ratchet
3-5 Trim Away Unwanted Segments
[1] Draw a circle which passes through an end point of the line.
When you define the radius, remember to snap (with a <P> constraint) the end point of the line.
The circle serves as a construction (temporary) circle. [2] Trim away unwanted segments. Remember to turn on <Ignore Axis> (1-9[1]). [3] After trimming, a single tooth remains.
3-6 Duplicate Teeth
[1] Select <Modify/Copy>.
[2] Select these two lines. To select multiple entities, hold
Control key while click the entities sequentially. You also can
"sweep select" multiple entities, i.e., holding left mouse button while sweep through the entities.
After the selection, the entities are highlighted with yellow color.
[3] Right-click anywhere in the graphics window to
bring up the <Context Menu>, and select <End/Use Plane Origin as Handle>. Now the tooth has been copied to a
"clipboard."
[4] The <Modify/Paste> tool is automatically
activated. Type 15 (degrees) for the <r>, meaning that the rotating
40 Exercise 3. Ratchet
[5] Bring up the <Context Menu>, and select <Rotate by
-r Degrees>. Note that a negative angle
is to rotate
clockwise. [6] Bring up the
<Context Menu> again, and select
<Paste at Plane Origin>. [7] The tooth is rotated 15 degree clockwise (using plane origin as center of rotation) and pasted. [8] Repeat steps [5, 6] four more times. Press <Esc> to end the tool or choose <End> from
[9] Select <Modify/ Copy> again, and select all the teeth,
using "sweep select" [2]. From the
<Context Menu>, select <End/Use
Plane Origin as Handle> [3].
[10] Type 90 (degrees) for the
rotating angle.
[11] Repeat steps [5, 6].
[12] Repeat steps [5, 6] two more times. Press <Esc> to end the tool or choose <End>
42 Exercise 3. Ratchet
3-7 Extrude the Sketch to Create the Ratchet Wheel
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Ratchet," and exit the Workbench.
[1] Extrude the sketch 0.25 in. to create the ratchet
Selection of Multiple Entities
There are several ways to select multiple entities. Two of them are <Control-Select> and <Sweep Select>. Control-Select -- Click the entities sequentially while holding the Control key.
Sweep Select -- Hold the left mouse button and sweep through the entities.
Box Select -- Select <Select Mode/Box Select> [1], and use mouse to define a box. All entities inside the box are selected.
3-8 Review
<Modify/Copy> and <Modify/Paste> Tools
<Modify/Copy> copies the selected entities to a "clipboard." A <Paste Handle> must be specified using one of the methods in the <Context Menu> (3-6[3]). After completing the <Copy> tool, the <Paste> tool is automatically activated.
<Modify/Paste> pastes the entities in the "clipboard" to the graphics window. The pasting location corresponds to the <Paste Handle> specified in the <Copy> tool. To define the pasting location, you either click on the graphics window or choose from the <Context Menu> (3-6[6]). Many options also can be chosen from the <Context Menu> (3-6[5]), where the rotating angle <r> and the scaling factor <f> can be specified with the tool (3-6[4]). A positive rotating angle is to rotate counter-clockwise.
<Modify/Replicate> Tool
<Replicate> is equivalent to a <Copy> followed by a <Paste>.
Ending a Tool
You can press <Esc> to end a tool (3-6[8, 12]). Besides, the <Context Menu> often provides an <End> option to end a tool (3-6[5, 6]).
[1] One way to select multiple entities is to turn on <Select Model/
44 Exercise 4. Cover Plate
Exercise 4
Cover Plate
In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for a cover plate, of which the details are shown in the figure below [2].
4-1 Introduction
Y X Unit: in. Thickness: 0.046 in. 8 × R0.15 2. 00 [1] Details of the cover plate.0.376 1. 25 0. 75 0. 25 0. 25 0.562 1.50 6 × R0.06 0.312 0.312 2 × R0.188 2 × D0.201
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start
up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as the length
unit.
[1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
4-2 Start Up DesignModeler
4-3 Draw Circles
[1] On XYPlane, draw a circle centered at the origin and with a diameter
of 0.201 in. [2] Draw another circle with the same diameter. Make sure an <R> appears when you define the radius
(1-5[5]). [3] Use <Dimension/ Horizontal> to specify a dimension of 0.376 in. [4] Use <Dimension/ Vertical> to specify a dimension of 2 in.
46 Exercise 4. Cover Plate
[5] Draw a concentric circle with a radius of
0.188 in. [6] Draw a concentric circle with the same radius. Make sure an <R> appears when you define the radius.
4-4 Draw Rectangles and Lines
[1] Select <Draw/ Rectangle> and draw a
rectangle with dimensions a shown.
[2] Select <Draw/Polyline> and draw three segments like this. Select <Open End> from the
<Context Menu> after you define the fourth point. Note
that the three segments are either horizontal or vertical, therefore make sure an <H> or
a <V> appears before clicking. Specify the dimensions as
shown.
[3] Select <Draw/Line> again and draw a line like
this. Note that the two end points coincide with
the Y-axis.
[4] Trim away this extra segment.
[5] Trim away this extra segment.
48 Exercise 4. Cover Plate
[6] Use <Draw/Line> again to draw a vertical
line and specify a horizontal dimension as
shown. [7] Trim away this
segment.
[8] Trim away this
4-5 Draw Fillets
[1] Select <Modify/Fillet> and type 0.06 (in.) for the <Radius>.
[2] Create 6 fillets with the same radius
(1-8 [2]).
[3] Create a radius dimension for anyone of the fillets
(1-8[3]).
[4] Select <Modify/Fillet> again and type 0.15
(in.) for the <Radius>.
[5] Create 4 fillets with the same
50 Exercise 4. Cover Plate
[6] With <Modify/Fillet> tool still activated, create
this fillet by clicking the horizontal line and the circle. Note that the
horizontal line is automatically trimmed.
[7] Repeat the last step to create this fillet.
[8] Use <Draw/Line> to re-create the trimmed segment.
[9] Repeat the last step to re-create this line.
4-6 Trim Away Unwanted Segments
[10] Use <Modify/ Fillet> to create this
fillet (with the same radius as before) by clicking the horizontal
line and the circle.
[11] Repeat the last step to create this fillet.
[1] Select <Modify/ Trim> and turn on <Ignore Axis>, then trim away this segment.
[2] And this segment. [12] Create a radius dimension for anyone
52 Exercise 4. Cover Plate
4-7 Extrude the Sketch to Create the Cover Plate
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Cover," and exit the Workbench.
[3] The final sketch.
[1] Extrude the sketch 0.046 in. to create the
<Draw/Rectangle>
Draws a rectangle by defining two diagonally opposite points. The edges of the rectangle are either horizontal or vertical. To draw a rectangle at an arbitrary orientation, please use <Draw/Rectangle by 3 Points>.
<Draw/Polyline>
This tool allows you to draw a series of connected lines, called a polyline. The polyline can be closed or open. After defining the last point, choose <Open End> or <Closed End> from the <Context Menu>.
Auto Constraints
H -- Horizontal V -- Vertical
4-8 Review
Note:
For a comprehensive description of sketching tools, please refer to the following ANSYS on-line reference: ANSYS Help System//DesignModeler User Guide//2D Sketching
54 Section B. Part Modeling
Section B
Part Modeling
As mentioned in the opening of Section A, many parts can be created by a two-step operation: drawing a 2D sketch on a plane and then generate a 3D body by extrusion, revolution, sweeping, or skin/lofting.
A more complicated part often can be viewed as a series of the two-step operations; each two-step operation either add material to the existing body or cut material from the existing body. The exercises in Section B are designed to introduce the 3D modeling techniques for more complicated parts.
Exercise 5
Crank
In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for a crank, of which the details are shown in the figure below. Note that a global coordinate system is set up and shown in the figure.
The crank model can be viewed as a series of three two-step operations; each involves drawing a sketch on XYPlane and then extrude the sketch to generate a material. The materials are either add to the existing body or cut from the existing body.
5-1 Introduction
Y X Unit: mm. 75 65 Y Z 20 8 R22 D30 D20 R10 2 × R10 2 × D1056 Exercise 5. Crank
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start
up DesignModeler. [1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
5-2 Start Up DesignModeler
5-3 Draw a Sketch on XYPlane
[1] On XYPlane, draw 5 circles and 4 tangent lines
(using <Draw/Line by 2 Tangents>) like this. Specify the dimensions.
[3] Select <Millimeter> as the
[2] Use <Modify/ Fillet> to draw a fillet
with a radius of 10 mm. [3] Trim away these
58 Exercise 5. Crank
5-4 Extrude to Create a Solid Body
[3] Click <Extrude>. [4] It automatically switches to <Modeling Mode>. [1] The active
plane. [2] The active sketch.
[6] Click <Apply>. The active sketch is automatically taken for <Geometry>. [7] Type 8 (mm) for <Depth>. [9] Click <Generate>. [8] Click the small cyan sphere to rotate
the view into an isometric view.
[10] Click <Display Plane>
to turn off the plane display.
[12] Click all the plus signs <+> to expand the model
tree. [11] The <Tree Outline> displays a tree structure for the
geometry model, called <Model Tree>.
[13] Under the XYPlane, we've created a sketch (Sketch1) [14] The <Extrude1> uses <Sketch1> as the base geometry. [5] An <Extrude1> object is inserted in the model tree.
[15] This is the body we've created so far.
5-5 Create a New Sketch on XYPlane
[3] Click to switch to <Sketching
Mode>.
[2] A new sketch (Sketch2) is created. Note that, for the first sketch of a plane, you don't need to explicitly click <New Sketch>. However, for additional sketches on the same plane,
you need to click <New Sketch>. Remember that the
drawing entities always belong to the active sketch. [4] Click <Look At Face/Plane/ Sketch>.
[5] Click <Display Model> to turn off
the solid model display.
[6] Draw a circle with a diameter of 30 mm. This is the only entity
in <Sketch2>. Note that both Sketch1 and Sketch2 are on the
same plane (XYPlane). [1] Click <New
60 Exercise 5. Crank
5-6 Add Material to the Existing Body
[1] Click <Extrude>. [2] Click <Apply>. [3] Type 20 (mm). [5] Click <Generate>.
[6] The newly created material is simply a cylinder; it adds to the existing body to form a
single body. [4] The default <Operation> is <Add Material>. [8] Click the plus sign <+> to expand <Extrude2>. [9] <Extrude2> uses <Sketch2> as the base geometry. The <Extrude2> is simply a cylinder. [10] The body after adding material. [7] <Sketch2> is added under XYPlane.
5-7 Create Another New Sketch on XYPlane
[3] Click to switch to <Sketching
Mode>.
[2] A new sketch
(Sketch3) is created. [4] Click <Look At Face/Plane/
Sketch>.
[5] Click <Display Model> to turn off
the solid model display.
[6] Draw a circle with a diameter of 20 mm. This is the only entity in <Sketch3>. Note that all three sketches are on
the same plane (XYPlane). [1] Click <New
62 Exercise 5. Crank
5-8 Extrude to Create a Third Simple Body
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Crank," and exit the Workbench. [1] Click <Extrude>. [2] Click <Apply>. [4] Select <Through All>. [5] Click <Generate>.
[6] The newly created material is simply a cylinder; The material
is cut from the existing body. [3] Select <Cut Material>. [10] The body after cutting material. [7] <Sketch3> is added under XYPlane. [9] <Extrude3> uses <Sketch3> as the base geometry. The <Extrude3> is simply a cylinder. [8] Click the plus sign <+> to expand <Extrude3>.
<Plane> and <Sketch>
A sketch must be created on a plane; each plane, however, may contain multiple sketches. In the beginning of a DesignModeler session, three planes are automatically created: XYPlane, YZPlane, and ZXPlane. You can create new planes and new sketches as many as needed.
<Active Plane> and <Active Sketch>
The currently active plane and active sketch are shown in the toolbar (5-4[1, 2]). New sketches are created on the active plane, and new drawing entities are created on the active sketch. You may change the active plane or active sketch by selection from the pull-down list, or simply clicking the names on the model tree.
Modeling Mode
In the modeling mode (5-4[4]), several modeling tools become available, including Extrude, Revolve, Sweep, Skin/Loft, Thin/Surface, Blend, Chamfer, Point, etc. In addition, a <Tree Outline> is displayed.
Model Tree
<Tree Outline> (5-4[11]) contains an outline of the model tree, the data structure of the geometric model. Each branch of the tree is called an object, which may contain one or more objects. At the bottom of the model tree is a part branch, which is the only object that will be exported to <Mechanical>. By right-clicking an object and selecting a tool from the context menu, you can operate on the object, such as delete, rename, duplicate, etc.
The order of the objects is relevant. <DesignModeler> renders the geometry according to the order of objects in the model tree. New objects are normally added one after another. If you want to insert a new object BEFORE an existing object, right-click the existing object and select <Insert/...> from the context menu. After insertion,
<DesignModeler> will re-render the geometry.
<Add Material> and <Cut Material>
With <Add Material> operation mode, the created material adds to the existing active body (i.e., they form a union). With <Cut Material> operation mode, the material is cut from the existing active body. An active body is one that is not frozen (to be defined later).
64 Exercise 6. Geneva Gear Index
Exercise 6
Geneva Gear Index
In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for a Geneva gear index, of which the details are shown in the figure below. Note that a global coordinate system is set up and shown in the figure.
6-1 Introduction
Y X Unit: in. Y Z 0.25 D0.5 0.44 D0.25 D1.25 D2.47 5× 0.2 5 × R0.63 1.529[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as
the length unit. [1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
6-2 Start Up DesignModeler
6-3 Draw a Sketch on XYPlane
[1] On XYPlane, use <Draw/Arc by Center> to
draw an arc centered at the origin and with a radius
of 1.235 (in.) like this. [2] draw two lines, each
connects the origin to an end point of the arc.
[3] Specify an angle dimension of 72 (degrees) for the
sector.
[4] Use <Draw/Arc by Center> to draw another arc with a radius of 0.625
(in.) like this. [5] draw two circles
centered at end points of the new arc and with the same radius
66 Exercise 6. Geneva Gear Index
[8] Apply a <Constraints/Tangent> on the lower circle and
the horizontal line. [7] Draw a line connecting the upper
circle to the outer arc like this. The line is parallel to the adjacent line,
therefore make sure a <//> (indicating parallel auto constraint)
appears before clicking.
[9] Apply a <Constraints/ Tangent> on the upper circle and the parallel line.
[6] Draw a line connecting the lower circle to the outer arc like this. The
line is horizontal, therefore make sure an <H> appears before clicking.
[10] Draw a line starting from the origin like this. Then, make the outer arc symmetric about the newly created line. To do
this, select <Constraints/ Symmetric>, and then subsequently click the line and
the two end points of the arc.
[11] Use <Dimension/ General> to specify a length dimension of
1.529 (in.). [12] Use <Draw/Arc by
Center> to draw an arc centered at one end of the new line. Specify the radius
68 Exercise 6. Geneva Gear Index
6-4 Extrude to Generate 1/5 of the Gear Index
[1] Extrude the sketch 0.25 in. [13] Trim away unwanted
segments. This is the sketch after trimming. Note that, although the the sketch is no
more blue-colored, all the dimensions are not changed.
6-5 Duplicate the Body Circularly
[1] Select <Create/ Pattern> from the
pull-down menu. [2] In the <Details View>, select <Circular> for <Pattern Type>.
[3] Click the yellow area to bring up <Apply/ Cancel> buttons. [4] Select the body. [5] And click <Apply>. [6] Click the yellow area
to bring up <Apply/ Cancel> buttons. [7] Select this edge. [8] And click <Apply>. [9] Type 4 for <Copies>. [10] Click <Generate>.
70 Exercise 6. Geneva Gear Index
6-6 Create the Hub
[1] Select <Create/ Primitive/Cylinder> from
the pull-down menu.
[4] Click <Generate>.
[2] Type 0.44 (in.) for the <Axis Z Component>.
[3] Type 0.25 (in.) for the <Radius>.
[5] Select <Create/ Primitive/Cylinder> again.
[7] Type 0.44 (in.) for the <Axis Z Component>.
[8] Type 0.125 (in.) for the
<Radius>. [6] Select <Cut Material> for <Operation>. [9] Click <Generate>.
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Geneva," and exit the Workbench.
Auto Constraints: <//>
It is applicable to a line, indicating that the line is parallel to another line in the same plane (6-3[7]).
Sketching Tools: <Constraints/Tangent>
It can be applied on two edges (lines or curves), one of them must be a curve, to make them tangent to each other (6-3[8, 9]).
<Create/Pattern>
This tool allows you to create copies bodies in three types of pattern: Linear, Circular, and Rectangular (6-5).
<Create/Primitive/Cylinder>
This tool creates a cylinder by specifying its origin, axis, and radius (6-6). The origin and axis are defined by referring to the active plane coordinate system (1-12).
72 Exercise 7. Yoke
Exercise 7
Yoke
The yoke is a part of a universal joint [1]. In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for the yoke, of which the details are shown in the multiview drawings below. Note that a global coordinate system is also shown in the figure.
7-1 Introduction
Y X Unit: in. Y Z R1.00 X Z D0.75 D1.20 2 × 0.75 R1.00 1. 50 3. 55[1] The yoke is a part of a universal joint.
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as
the length unit. [1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
7-2 Start Up DesignModeler
7-3 Create a U-Shape Body
[1] On XYPlane, use <Draw/ Arc by Center> tool to draw
two concentric arcs. Specify the radius dimensions (1.00 in.
and 1.75 in. respectively). [2] Use <Draw/
Polyline> tool to draw a 3-segment polyline,
starting from this
point. then select <Open End> from [5] Click the last point and the <Context Menu>. If the
last segment is not vertical, use <Constraints/Vertical> to
make it vertical.
[3] Click the second point. Make sure the first segment is vertical.
[4] Click the third point. Make sure the
second segment is horizontal. [6] Use <Dimensions/ General> to specify a length of 2.50 (in.).
74 Exercise 7. Yoke
[7] Draw two vertical lines.
[8] Trim away this segment. [9] Click <Extrude>. [12] Click <Generate>. [10] Select <Both - Symmetric>.
[11] Type 1 (in.) for <Depth>. Note that, the sketch is extruded
by 1.0 in. for both sides of XYPlane, therefore the total
7-4 Create Rounds
7-5 Create Holes
[1] Select <Blend/ Fixed Radius> from the toolbar.
[2] Control-select these 4 edges. [3] Click <Apply>. [4] Type 1 (in.)
for <Radius>. [5] Click
<Generate>.
[1] Select <Create/ Primitive/Cylinder> from
the pull-down menu.
[3] Click <Generate>.
[2] Click to bring up <Apply/Cancel> buttons,
then select <YZPlane> from the model tree and
click <Apply>. Now the global Y-axis becomes local
X-axis, and the global Z-axis becomes local Y-Z-axis. The origin and the axis are
defined using the local (plane) coordinate system.
76 Exercise 7. Yoke
7-6 Create Shaft
[1] Click <New Plane>to create a new plane.
[2] A new plane (Plane4) is inserted into
the model tree.
[3] Click to bring up <Apply/Cancel> buttons, then select <ZXPlane> from the
model tree and click <Apply>. Now the global Z-axis becomes local X-axis, and the
global X-axis becomes local Y-axis.
[4] Select <Offset Z> for <Transform 1>. Note that it refers to the local Z-axis.
[5] Type 3.55 (in.) for <Value>.
[6] Click <Generate>. [7] The new plane
become active plane.
[8] The global coordinate system.
Note that the Workbench uses RGB
colors to represent XYZ axes respectively. [9] The local coordinate
system of the new plane. Note that, in a local coordinate system, the
Workbench also uses RGB colors to represent
[1] Click to switch to the <Sketching
Mode>.
[2] Click to look at <Plane4>. [3] Click to turn off
model display.
[4] Draw a circle with a diameter of
1.2 (in.).
[5] Click
<Extrude>. <Generate>.[8] Click
[6] Select <Reversed> for <Direction>. Now, the extrusion direction is the -Z direction. [7] Select <To Next>. Now the
sketch will be extruded up to the
next face.
Wrap Up
78 Exercise 7. Yoke
Extrude Direction
There are four options you can choose for the extrusion direction: <Normal>, <Reversed>, <Both -- Symmetric>, and <Both -- Asymmetric>. In <Normal> case, the extrusion direction is the Z-direction of the sketching plane. When <Reversed> is selected, the extrusion direction reverses to the -Z-direction (7-6[6]). For <Both -- Symmetric>, the extrusion is along both +Z and -Z directions with the same depth (defined by <Depth>) (7-3[10]). For <Both -- Asymmetric>, the extrusion is along both +Z and -Z directions with the different depths (defined by <Depth> and <Depth 2>).
<Blend/Fixed Radius>
This tool can be used to place rounds or fillets on a body (7-4). The fillets are specified on edges, while the rounds can be specified on edges or faces. When faces are specified for rounds, the rounds are placed on the enclosing edges.
Create New Planes from Existing Planes
There are many ways to create a new plane [1]. Creating new plane from an existing plane (7-6[1-9]) involves selecting the existing plane and then transforming the existing plane to a new position and orientation.
7-7 Review
[1] There are many ways to create a plane.
0.375 [1] The support is a part of a clamping mechanism.
Exercise 8
Support
The support is a part of the clamping mechanism mentioned in Exercise 1 [1]. In this exercise, we'll create a 3D solid model for the support, of which the details are shown in the multiview drawings below. Note that a global coordinate system is also shown in the figure.
8-1 Introduction
Y X Unit: in. Y Z X Z 6 × D0.25 2.500 R0.313 0. 875 1.250 2 × R0.100 1. 250 0. 750 R0.100 0. 625 0.125 0.375 0.125 0.250 0.219 1.250 0.375 0.250 0.375 Slope: 4 5 R0.156 1.00080 Exercise 8. Support
[2] Double-click <Geometry> cell to start up the DesignModeler. Select <Inch> as
the length unit. [1] Launch ANSYS Workbench and create a
<Geometry> system.
8-2 Start Up DesignModeler
8-3 Create Vertical Plate
[1] On XYPlane, draw three circles of the same
radius. Specify their locations (two horizontal dimension of 1.25 and one vertical dimension of 1.25)
[2] Specify a diameter of 0.25 in. for any one of
the circles. [3] Use <Draw/
Polyline> to draw a polyline starting from roughly here.
[4] Click the second point, making sure the last segment is
vertical.
[5] Click the third point, making sure the last segment is
horizontal. [6] Click the fourth point, making sure the last segment is vertical.
Then select <Closed End> from the <Context Menu>.
[7] Specify all dimensions so that all entities become blue-colored: length dimensions of 2.50 and 0.625; a horizontal dimension of 0.375, a vertical dimension of 0.875, and an
[8] Draw two more circles, specify their radii (0.156 and
0.313) and locations (horizontal dimensions of 0.219 and 0.250; vertical dimensions of 0.25 and 0.75) [9] Trim away unwanted segments.
82 Exercise 8. Support
[10] Draw two fillets with the same radius of 0.1 in. [13] Click <Generate>. [11] Click <Extrude>. [12] Type 0.125 (in.) for <Depth>.
8-4 Create Horizontal Plate
[1] Click <New Plane>. [4] Click the yellow area to bring up <Apply/ Cancel> buttons. [2] Select <From Face>. [6] Click <Apply>. [7] Click <Generate>; a <Plane4> is created.[5] Click this face at a location near this circle. A
plane coordinate system shows up like this (the X axis points to global -X
axis). Note that the location you click determines the origin and
the axes of the plane coordinate system. If the
coordinate system is not like this, simply re-click again until it is correct.
[8] Click to switch to <Sketching Mode>. [9] Click to look at <Plane4>. [10] Click to turn of the model display. [11] This is <Plane4>; it is called an <Outline Plane> since it includes an outline. The outline is not part of a sketch
but can be used as references.
[12] Draw a rectangle like this. Note that three sides of the rectangle coincide with plane's
outline. Specify a length dimension of 0.125 in. so that the rectangle become blue-colored.
[3] The default <Subtype> is <Outline Plane>. X Y Z
84 Exercise 8. Support [15] Click <Generate>. [13] Click <Extrude>. [14] Type 1 (in.) for <Depth>. [1] Click <New Plane>.
8-5 Create Holes on the Horizontal Plate
[6] Click <Generate>; a <Plane5> is created. [3] Click the yellow area to bring up <Apply/ Cancel> buttons. [2] Select <From Face>. [5] Click <Apply>.
[4] Click this face at a location near this corner so that the plane coordinate system is like this (the X axis points to global X axis).
Remember, if the coordinate system is not like this, simply
re-click again until it is correct.
X Y Z
[7] Click to switch to <Sketching Mode>. [8] Click to look at <Plane5>. [9] Click to turn of the model display. [10] This is <Plane5>; it includes an outline. [11] Draw three circles of the same
diameter (0.25 in.) and specify their positions (horizontal dimensions of
0375, 0.375, and 1.25; vertical dimensions of 0.375, 0.375, and 0.125) [16] Click <Generate>. [12] Click <Extrude>. [13] Select <Cut Material>. [15] Select <Through All>. [14] The <Direction> automatically becomes <Reversed>.
86 Exercise 8. Support
8-6 Create the Round
[1] Select <Blend/ Fixed Radius> from the toolbar.
[5] Click <Generate>. [2] Click this edge. [3] Click <Apply>. [4] Type 0.1 (in.) for <Radius>.
Wrap Up
Close DesignModeler, save the project as "Support," and exit the Workbench.
Create New Planes From Faces
You can create a new plane from an existing face (8-4[1-7]). There are subtypes to choose: <Outline Plane> and <Tangent Plane>. The only difference is that a <Tangent Plane> doesn't include the outline of the face. In either subtype, the plane coordinate system is determined according to how you click the face. The origin is usually located at the closest corner point or the center of a circle (or an arc); The Z-axis always points out of the face; The X-axis is usually parallel to the closest edge.
An outline plane include the outline of the face (8-4[11]). The outline is not part of a sketch but can be used as references (datum). Without the outline, the only references are two exes (X-axis and Y-axis of the plane). However, you can copy the outline (or part of the outline) into a sketch, using the sketching tool <Modify/Duplicate>.
