Earth'sResources

Coin Design: Discussion

Necessary Physical Properties

High melting point, cost, conductivity, malleable, identifiable color

Desirable Physical Properties

Size to work in coin operated machines….pleasing design

Necessary Chemical Properties

Resistance to corrosion, able to make alloys, bonds with composites

Desirable Chemical Properties

Compatible with potential coatings

Best Primary Material

Solid metals will tend to be favored. Nonmetals and

Building Skills: Predicting

Properties

Given the boiling point of Argon (Ar) is -186 C and of Xenon (Xe) -112 C estimate the boiling point of Krypton.

Building Skills: Predicting

Properties

Estimate the melting point of Rb. The melting points of K and Cs are 337K and 302K respectively.

Rubidium has a predicted melting point between 337 K and 302 K) of 320K

Building Skills: Predicting

Properties

Given the formula for Silicon Tetrachloride is (SiCl₄) Mendeleev predicted the

existence of ekasiicon an element just below Silicon in the periodic table. What would a formula be for the compound of Mendeleev’s ekasilicon and chlorine.

Building Skills: Predicting Properties

Here are the formulas for several known compounds: NaCl, MgCL₂, CaO, Al₂O₃,CCl₄. Using that information predict the formulas for the compounds formed here.

C and F CF₄

Al and S Al₂S₃

K and Cl KCL

Ca and Br CaBr₂

Structure of the Earth

Structure of the Earth

The three major

zones:

Minerals and Rocks

Minerals and Rocks

The earth’s crust consists of solid

inorganic elements and compounds

called minerals and masses of 1 or more mineral we call rocks

Mineral: an element or inorganic compound

that occurs naturally, is solid, and in fixed

Minerals and Rocks

formed from cooled and hardened magma or lava.

Source of many non-fuel mineral

resources.

Minerals and Rocks

Sedimentary Rocks:

formed from compressed and hardened sediment such as sand and clay.

When sediment is

eroded and carried

away by rivers and

streams it often build

up in layers

Minerals and Rocks

produced by existing rocks are subjected to enormous heat and pressure.

Usually occurs deep in the earth.

Minerals and Rocks

interaction of physical and chemical changes that change rocks from one form to another.

Fig. 16-9 p. 339

Fig. 16-9 p. 339

Igneous Rock

Sedimentary Rock

Metamorphic Rock

Magma

(Molten Rock)

Weathering

Weathering

Erosion

Erosion

Transport

Transport

Deposition

Deposition

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Nonrenewable

Mineral Resource: is a concentration of

naturally occurring material that can be extracted and used at a reasonable cost.

It takes the earth so

long to produce so we consider them

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Metallic: iron, copper, aluminum are

examples of some metallic

nonrenewable

mineral resources.

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Non-Metallic: sand, salt, clay, soil.

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Energy Sources: coal, oil, natural gas,

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources

Ores: is rock containing enough or one or

more metallic

minerals to be mined profitably.

We use more than 40 metals extracted from ores for everyday

items.

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources:

Categories

Nonrenewable Mineral Resources:

Categories



_Identified

: known

location, quantity and quality.



_Identified

:

known

location, quantity and quality.



_Undiscovered

: potential

supply assumed to exist based

upon theory.



_Undiscovered

: potential

supply assumed to exist based

upon theory.



_Reserves

: identified

sources from which can be

extracted at

current prices.



_Reserves

: identified

sources from which can be

extracted at

current prices.



_Other

: undiscovered and

unidentified.



_Other

: undiscovered and

Gold and Density



Gold can be separated

from other materials in a

mixture because of its

density.



The density of gold is 19.3

g/cm3 and the density of

fool’s gold is 5.0 g/cm3.

Copper and Electrolysis

What is an ore?

An ore is any rock that contains a metal or other economically useful material.

Ores contain useful elements that are combined with other substances. Why do ores have different

properties from the elements that they contain?

Copper and Electrolysis

 To obtain an element from its compound, it is

necessary to cause a chemical reaction to take place.

 A process by which an electric current breaks

down a chemical compound is called

Copper and Electrolysis

A battery produces an electric current

The current flows through wire to

electrodes, which are in a copper chloride solution.

One electrode attracts the copper metal of the copper compound, while the other attracts other

materials.

Electrolysis Terms and Ideas

 An ion is a charged particle formed when

atoms either lose or gain one or more electrons.

 Ions are shown by the symbol of the

element that forms them and a ‘+’ or ‘-‘

symbol indicating the amount of charge on the ion. e.g. Na+, Mg2+, Cl-, O2-.

 Metals form positive ions. and non-metals

Electrolysis Terms and Ideas

continued

Ions can only move when in a solution or

when in a liquid, not when in a solid.

Electrolysis is the process in which electricity

is applied to a solution or liquid contains ions. It is often used to separate compounds into the elements that make them.

Positive ions are attracted to the negative