3′-Azido-3′-deoxythymidine
Relative Replication Fitness of a High-Level 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine-Resistant Variant of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Possessing an Amino Acid Deletion at Codon 67 and a Novel Substitution (Thr→Gly) at Codon 69
... The emergence of antiretroviral drug-resistant forms of hu- man immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) has limited the efficacy of currently available therapeutic reverse transcriptase (RT) and protease inhibitors. ...
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Influence of quinacrine and chloroquine on the in vitro 3′-azido-3′-deoxythymidine antiretroviral effect
... properties [6], as well as special tropism for lysosomes [7], and concentrate for long periods in lymphoid tissue [8,9]. Due to the afore mentioned pharmacological properties, these drugs could be used as inhibitors of ...
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Subtype-Specific Differences in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Connection Subdomain of CRF01_AE Are Associated with Higher Levels of Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine
... One prominent CRF is CRF01_AE, which is a recombinant between HIV-1 subtype A and a yet to be identified “subtype E.” CRF01_AE was originally identified in Thailand (17, 21) and remains responsible for 83% of all ...
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A Novel Point Mutation at Position 156 of Reverse Transcriptase from Feline Immunodeficiency Virus Confers Resistance to the Combination of (−)-β-2′,3′-Dideoxy-3′-Thiacytidine and 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine
... Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) resistant to ( 2 )- b -2 * ,3 * -dideoxy-3 * -thiacytidine (3TC) were selected by culturing virus in the presence of increasing stepwise concentrations of 3TC. ...
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The antiretrovirus drug 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine increases the retrovirus mutation rate.
... if 3 * -azido-3 * -deoxythymidine (AZT), the primary treatment for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection, increases the retrovirus mutation ...
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3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) Mediates Cross-Resistance to Nucleoside Analogs in the Case of AZT-Resistant Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Variants
... of 3 * -azido-3 * -deoxythymidine (AZT)-resistance by human im- munodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) variants are due in part to an inability to reconstitute resistance in vitro using ...
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An in vivo mutation from leucine to tryptophan at position 210 in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase contributes to high-level resistance to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
... with 3 * -azido-3 * -deoxythymidine (AZT) revealed a mutation at codon 210 from TTG (leucine) to TGG (tryptophan) exclusively in association with resistance to ...
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Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 RNase H Primer Grip Enhance 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine Resistance
... Antiviral therapy results in the selection of drug resistance mutations that allow HIV-1 to replicate in the presence of antiviral drugs (5, 14, 23). The acquisition of thymidine analog resistance mutations (TAMs) allows ...
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Mutants of feline immunodeficiency virus resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
... For this round of infection, 0.2 ml of undiluted culture supernatant from the CrFK cells that had been infected with FIV in the presence of AZT during the second round of selection was u[r] ...
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3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine (AZT) and AZT-Resistant Reverse Transcriptase Can Increase the In Vivo Mutation Rate of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... as 3 ⴕ -azido-3 ⴕ -deoxythymidine (AZT) can influence the in vivo mutation rate of ...of 3, while replication of HIV-1 with a 3TC- resistant RT (M184V) had no significant effect on the ...
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3'-Azido-3'-deoxythymidine inhibits the replication of avian leukosis virus.
... Azidothymidine was shown to be a potent inhibitor of viral DNA synthesis in infected cells and, in its triphosphate form, to inhibit purified viral reverse transcriptase with both synthe[r] ...
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Relationship between 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythymidine Resistance and Primer Unblocking Activity in Foscarnet-Resistant Mutants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase
... with 3⬘-dideoxycytidine or 3⬘- dideoxyinosine (12, 59) and subsequently shown to confer re- sistance to other chain terminators (45) and also to foscarnet (13, ...
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Sanctuary growth of human immunodeficiency virus in the presence of 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine.
... The studies described above indicate that sanctuary growth of HIV may occur in the presence of AZT and that early in treatment, cellular resistance may make a large contribution to viral breakthrough. In fact, there was ...
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In vitro selection of variants of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 resistant to 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine and 2',3'-dideoxyinosine.
... Although these variants showed increased sensitivity to the drugs in PBMC and CEM cells compared with MT-4 cells, viral replication nonetheless occurred in the A 100 Variants of both HIV[r] ...
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 pol gene mutations in an AIDS patient treated with multiple antiretroviral drugs.
... After approximately 2.5 years of monthly alternating therapy with 3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine AZT and 2',3'-dideoxycytidine ddC, most of the pol sequences amplified from the patient's per[r] ...
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Proteins pattern alteration in AZT-treated K562 cells detected by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and peptide mass fingerprinting
... AZT (3'-azido-3'-deoxythymidine or zidovudine), the first anti-retroviral drug approved for AIDS therapy, is a syn- thetic nucleoside analogue that inhibits HIV reverse tran- scriptase ...
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Some aspects of the mutagenic activity of the pyrrolizidine alkaloid heliotrine in drosophila melanogaster
... The effect of potassiU!;; cya:..:.idw and s,_:d.tuc azido on the sex linked lethal frequ8-ncy induced by hell otrir1o" Broccl interval 3 day_St> Bx·oocl... heliotrine + either potassium [r] ...
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Selection of Mutations in the Connection and RNase H Domains of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase That Increase Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Dideoxythymidine
... ng of p24) of each virus. Figure 1A shows that the replication capacity of the D67N/K70R/A371V/Q509L mutant was re- duced to 48% of that of the wild-type virus. This loss in rep- lication capacity, however, was restored ...
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High-Level Resistance to 3′-Azido-3′-Deoxythimidine due to a Deletion in the Reverse Transcriptase Gene of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... with 3 ⴕ -azido-3 ⴕ -deoxythymidine (AZT) plus 2 ⴕ ,3 ⴕ ...than 3 years in association with the accumulation of a variety of other well-described drug resistance mutations and an ...
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Biochemical characterization of equine herpesvirus type 3-induced deoxythymidine kinase purified from lytically infected horse embryo dermal fibroblasts.
... and 50 jug of kanamycin per ml Downloaded from http://jvi.asm.org/ on November 10, 2019 by guest Infection of horse KyED cells with equine herpesvirus type 3 EHV-3 resulted in a sevenfol[r] ...
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