Anthrax toxin
Changing the Receptor Specificity of Anthrax Toxin
... receptors. Anthrax toxin acts by a sequence of events that begins when the protective-antigen (PA) moiety of the toxin binds to either one of two cell-surface proteins, ANTXR1 and ANTXR2, and is ...
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Anthrax Toxin Mediated Delivery of the Pseudomonas Exotoxin A Enzymatic Domain to the Cytosol of Tumor Cells via Cleavable Ubiquitin Fusions
... the anthrax toxin catalytic effector proteins to endosomes and then translo- cates them to the ...native anthrax effector proteins lethal factor (LF) and edema factor can be replaced with a fusion ...
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Analysis of Defined Combinations of Monoclonal Antibodies in Anthrax Toxin Neutralization Assays and Their Synergistic Action
... The first important aspect of this work is our finding that dif- ferent TNA assays can give strikingly different impressions of antibody neutralization. As seen in Fig. 1, MAb F20G75 was sig- nificantly more neutralizing ...
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Anthrax toxin receptor 1 is the cellular receptor for Seneca Valley virus
... challenged with an SVV infection at an MOI of 1,000 virus par- ticle/cell (vp/cell), which resulted in more than 90% cell death (Figure 1A and Supplemental Figure 1A). Genomic DNA was extracted from the expanded ...
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Targeting Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Ameliorates Endometriosis Progression
... Anthrax toxin receptor 2 (ANTXR2), also called capillary morphogenesis gene-2, is originally identified as the second most upregulated gene upon the formation of capillaries in 3D matrices ...of ...
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Analysis of the Fc Gamma Receptor-Dependent Component of Neutralization Measured by Anthrax Toxin Neutralization Assays
... Anthrax toxin neutralization assays are used to measure functional antibody levels elicited by anthrax vaccines in both preclinical and clinical ...receptor-dependent toxin neutralization ...
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Detection of Anthrax Toxin by an Ultrasensitive Immunoassay Using Europium Nanoparticles
... of anthrax toxin. The cur- rent ENIA also detected purified anthrax toxin and toxin- injected animal ...detect anthrax toxin after infection with ...of anthrax ...
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Targeting the membrane-anchored serine protease testisin with a novel engineered anthrax toxin prodrug to kill tumor cells and reduce tumor burden
... engineer anthrax toxin protective antigen (PrAg), which is proteolytically activated on the cell surface by the proprotein convertase furin to instead be activated by tumor cell-expressed membrane-anchored ...
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Detection of Anthrax Toxin in the Serum of Animals Infected with Bacillus anthracis by Using Engineered Immunoassays
... target anthrax toxin are being developed as therapies for infection by Bacillus ...tripartite anthrax toxin has been extensively studied in vitro, relatively little is known about the presence ...
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Toxicity of Anthrax Toxin Is Influenced by Receptor Expression
... to anthrax toxin in two ...different anthrax toxin receptors displayed dif- ferent responses to anthrax edema toxin (PA ⫹ EF) even though the cAMP levels were ...but toxin ...
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Comparison of Three Anthrax Toxin Neutralization Assays
... of anthrax toxin neutralization assays have been utilized to measure the antibody levels elicited by anthrax vaccines in both nonclinical and clinical ...used toxin neutralization ...with ...
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Systemic Hyalinosis: A Distinctive Early Childhood–Onset Disorder Characterized by Mutations in the Anthrax Toxin Receptor 2 Gene (ANTRX2)
... We sought to further characterize the phenotype and facilitate clinical recognition of systemic hyalinosis in children who present with chronic pain and progressive contractures in early[r] ...
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Anthrax Vaccine Precipitated Induces Edema Toxin-Neutralizing, Edema Factor-Specific Antibodies in Human Recipients
... human anthrax vaccines are currently given in the western world, anthrax vaccine adsorbed (AVA) and anthrax vaccine precipitated (AVP) ...only anthrax vaccine currently approved for use in the ...
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Anthrax and Gulf War Illness (GWI): Evidence for the Presence of Harmful Anthrax Antigen PA63 In the Serum of Veterans with GWI
... to anthrax toxin receptors. There are two distinct toxin cell receptors, ANTXR1 (TEM8, Tumor endothelial marker 8) and ANTXR2 (CMG2, Capillary morphogenesis protein 2) which are widely expressed in ...
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Detoxified Lethal Toxin as a Potential Mucosal Vaccine against Anthrax
... three toxin components and enzymes for capsule ...EF toxin components are encoded by the pag, lef, and cya genes in pX01, respectively ...cell anthrax toxin receptors (ANTXRs), such as tumor ...
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Raxibacumab: potential role in the treatment of inhalational anthrax
... Abstract: Anthrax is a highly contagious and potentially fatal human disease caused by Bacillus anthracis, an aerobic, Gram-positive, spore-forming rod-shaped bacterium with worldwide distribution as a zoonotic ...
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Recent Developments in the Nasal Immunization against Anthrax
... murine anthrax vaccination have been ...greater anthrax toxin neutralising activity in bron- choalveolar lavage and serum samples when compared to CT ...
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Characterization of the Native Form of Anthrax Lethal Factor for Use in the Toxin Neutralization Assay
... against anthrax include the Food and Drug Administration-licensed BioThrax (anthrax vaccine adsorbed), also referred to as AVA ...of anthrax LT-neutralizing antibodies following vaccination have been ...
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Development of an improved vaccine for anthrax
... the anthrax toxin. The massive edema and organ failure seen in anthrax patients are caused largely by the action of three individually non- toxic proteins: protective antigen (PA, 83 kDa), edema ...
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Toxin Inactivation in Toxin/Antitoxin Systems
... the toxin genes indicate the initial toxicity for MqsR, GhoT, RalR, and ...the toxin and antitoxin (blue diamonds and lines), and toxin alone (triangles and red lines) with 1mM ...the toxin ...
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