Cap-independent translation initiation
The 5′ Untranslated Region of the Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type 1 mRNA Enables Cap-Independent Translation Initiation
... part of the Gag protein open reading frame (16, 17). Once the existence of an IRES is confirmed within the full-length 5=UTR, some studies conduct 5= and 3= truncations to map the minimal region required for IRES ...
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Dengue Virus Utilizes a Novel Strategy for Translation Initiation When Cap-Dependent Translation Is Inhibited
... DEN translation on eIF4E may correlate with the ability of DEN to translate under conditions in which cellular translation is limited, for example, in differentiated cells such as myeloid and dendritic ...
11
A Primary Determinant of Cap-Independent Translation Is Located in the 3′-Proximal Region of the Tomato Bushy Stunt Virus Genome
... facilitating cap-independent ...ⴕ cap structure can substitute functionally for the absence of region ...ⴕ cap-independent translational enhancer (3 ⴕ CITE), that is required for ...
7
Viral and cellular mRNA-specific activators harness PABP and eIF4G to promote translation initiation downstream of cap binding
... eIF4E cap binding in a manner that is dependent on RNA binding by eIF4G (4, ...the cap, eIF4E ...are independent of enhanced cap or poly(A) ...on initiation not acting exclu- sively via ...
17
Cap-Independent Translation Conferred by the 5′ Leader of Tobacco Etch Virus Is Eukaryotic Initiation Factor 4G Dependent
... facilitate translation from nonstandard mRNAs, ...5⬘ cap, those that lack a cap, and those that contain more than one cistron ...supporting translation from capped, monocistronic ...internal ...
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Genetic Analysis of a Poliovirus/Hepatitis C Virus Chimera: New Structure for Domain II of the Internal Ribosomal Entry Site of Hepatitis C Virus
... direct cap-independent initiation of protein synthesis both in vitro and in vivo, as can be shown with artificial dicistronic mRNAs or with chimeric viral genomes in which IRES elements were ...
12
Ribosome Binding to a 5′ Translational Enhancer Is Altered in the Presence of the 3′ Untranslated Region in Cap-Independent Translation of Turnip Crinkle Virus
... during cap-dependent translation (24, 29), allowing for protection of terminal regions of the RNA, recruitment of eIFs, and recycling of ribosomal ...enhance translation by bringing CITE-bound ...
16
Mechanism of cap independent translation by long distance kissing stem loop interactions in plant viral RNAs
... more initiation factors to the next ribosome waiting at the 5’ ...TBSV translation (Fabian and White, 2006), with the yet- to-be resolved difference of where the ribosome is recruited to ...of ...
225
Alpha/Beta Interferon Inhibits Cap-Dependent Translation of Viral but Not Cellular mRNA by a PKR-Independent Mechanism
... electroporated cap-dependent mRNA is blocked after the formation of the 48S initiation ...in translation at which the IFN- ␣ /  -induced activity exerted its effect upon electroporated ...
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A Ribosome-Binding, 3′ Translational Enhancer Has a T-Shaped Structure and Engages in a Long-Distance RNA-RNA Interaction
... in cap-independent translation to reduce the sizes of their genomes by forgoing mechanisms requiring ex- tensive 5= UTR sequences to attract ...particular translation initiation fac- ...
15
trans Regulation of Cap-Independent Translation by a Viral Subgenomic RNA
... allow translation of 5 ⴕ -distal open reading ...cellular translation machinery. Translation of the uncapped Barley yellow dwarf virus genomic RNA (gRNA) and subgenomic RNA1 (sgRNA1) is driven by the ...
10
Identification and Characterization of the Functional Elements within the Tobacco Etch Virus 5′ Leader Required for Cap-Independent Translation
... efficient translation. In an early step during translation initiation, the cap is bound by the eukaryotic initiation factor 4F (eIF4F), which is composed of eIF4E, the ...
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A Viral Noncoding RNA Generated by cis-Element-Mediated Protection against 5′→3′ RNA Decay Represses both Cap-Independent and Cap-Dependent Translation
... both cap-independent and cap-poly(A)-de- pendent translation in vitro and in ...both cap-independent translation (14, 27) and neg- ative-strand RNA synthesis ...of ...
13
Activity of the Hepatitis A Virus IRES Requires Association between the Cap-Binding Translation Initiation Factor (eIF4E) and eIF4G
... IRES as intercistronic spacer) in rabbit reticulocyte lysates. The dicistronic mRNA was that described by Borman et al. (5) and has an upstream cistron coding for X. laevis cyclin B2 and a downstream cistron coding for a ...
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Translation initiation complex eIF4F is a therapeutic target for dual mTOR kinase inhibitors in non-Hodgkin lymphoma
... (m7GTP-eIF4E-eIF4G) translation initiation complex by a pull down assay using an agarose-immobilized m7GTP cap analog to capture eIF4E and its binding partners eIF4G and eIF4A in MCL cell line ...the ...
14
Translation initiation at a downstream AUG occurs with increased efficiency when the upstream AUG is located very close to the 5' cap.
... To determine whether the short length of the untranslated leader of this mRNA affects the efficiency of translation initiation at the LP1 initiation signal, monkey cells were transfected[r] ...
5
Functional Analyses of RNA Structures Shared between the Internal Ribosome Entry Sites of Hepatitis C Virus and the Picornavirus Porcine Teschovirus 1 Talfan
... mRNAs. Initiation of protein synthesis on picornavirus RNA is depen- dent on an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) (see reference 2 for a ...an initiation codon, but in the entero- and rhinoviruses, the ...
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Viral Internal Ribosome Entry Site Structures Segregate into Two Distinct Morphologies
... genomes, translation is initiated by a process different from the usual eukaryotic cap-dependent ...mGpppX cap structure at the 5⬘ end that interacts with a subunit (eIF4E) of the heterotrimeric ...
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Regulation of Tacaribe Mammarenavirus Translation: Positive 5′ and Negative 3′ Elements and Role of Key Cellular Factors
... regulate translation of viral mRNAs has remained largely ...in translation of TCRV, the prototypic New World ...cell-based translation assay, we found that the presence of a cap structure at ...
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Cap-independent translation by the 5' untranslated region of Theiler's murine encephalomyelitis virus.
... Comparison of the Cat and Luc activities expressed by the various bicistronic mRNAs both in transfected cells and in in vitro translation reactions strongly suggests that the TMEV 5'UTR [r] ...
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