Confounding effects
Glucocorticoid-Induced Osteoporosis in Children: Impact of the Underlying Disease
... glucocorticoid effects on bone formation, which could possibly compromise trabecular and cortical bone ...bone effects attributed to glucocorticoids may be caused by the underlying inflammatory ...the ...
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Creatine electrolyte supplement improves anaerobic power and strength: a randomized double-blind control study
... the confounding effects of gender, it was used a covariate for all subsequent analysis, A two-way mixed analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) with an alpha level of ...
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Transcriptome bioinformatic analysis identifies potential therapeutic mechanism of pentylenetetrazole in down syndrome
... potential confounding effects - arising out of tissue, species and experimental diversity - in the reported data, I analyzed the data under the assumption that genes in diverse human studies when combined ...
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Gender-based disparities in the impact of adverse childhood experiences on adult health: findings from a national study in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
... We examined gender specific relationships of the impact of cumulative ACE on physical and mental health, and RHBs after taking into account the confounding effects of age, education, mar[r] ...
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Maternal Asthma and Transient Tachypnea of the Newborn
... the confounding effects of important variables, infants of asthmatic mothers were more likely [odds ratio (OR), ...important confounding variables, re- spiratory distress syndrome and maternal asthma ...
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Balancing hypoxia and hypothermia in cold submerged frogs
... the confounding effects of hypothermia and hypoxia ...deleterious effects of low temperature on activity per se during normoxia versus substrate limitation and harmful anaerobic end-product ...
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The values of economics
... the confounding effects of students’ socio-demographic char- acteristics ...the confounding effects of student study characteristics ...important confounding influences on student value ...
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The Association of Lung Disease With Cerebral White Matter Abnormalities in Preterm Infants
... OBJECTIVE: Preterm infants have a high incidence of neurodevelop- mental impairment associated with diffuse cerebral white matter ab- normalities and also a high incidence of serious respiratory disease. However, it is ...
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Migraine predicts physical and pain symptoms among psychiatric outpatients
... Our study has the following limitations. 1) Our study enrolled psychiatric outpatients in a medical center with several exclusion criteria to prevent confounding effects. This enrollment[r] ...
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... In our multiple regression analysis, we found that extreme leukocytosis was by far the most predictive variable of mortality. After factoring in the confounding effects of the other demographic variables ...
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Impaired vasodilation of forearm resistance vessels in hypercholesterolemic humans
... To eliminate the potential confounding effects of atherosclerosis, vascular reactivity was measured in the forearm resistance vessels of 11 normal subjects serum LDL cholesterol = 111 +/[r] ...
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Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis for diabetic nephropathy in type 1 diabetes mellitus
... for confounding effects, identified an excess of CpG sites which were observed to have a change in methylation status that could be correlated with duration of diabetes prior to onset of nephropathy with a ...
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The effects of nutrients on stream invertebrates: a regional estimation by generalized propensity score
... nutrient effects (Dodds and Welch ...If confounding effects were not approximately controlled, the resulting biased esti- mate of the causal effect would lead to a biased thresh- old ...trient ...
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Diabetic nephropathy in a sibling and albuminuria predict early GFR decline: a prospective cohort study
... Other potential weaknesses of the study design include discrete entry criteria for high and low risk groups, which may limit conclusions to patients with similar characteristics, rather than the general population. Pro- ...
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Measurement invariance of the Internet Gaming Disorder Scale Short Form (IGDS9 SF) between Australia, the USA, and the UK
... The nine-item IGDS9-SF (Pontes & Griffiths, 2015—see Appendix Table 4) is a short psychometric tool based on the nine core criteria defining IGD as suggested by the DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association 2013). The ...
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Infant Feeding, Infection, and Public Health
... Epidemiologic studies of the health effects of breast-feeding are plagued by a number of potential sources of analytic bias, including information bias, selection bias, confounding bias,[r] ...
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Rank correlation under categorical confounding
... The descriptive analysis of the marginal distributions found in Fig. 3 shows that the species have different marginal characteristics. A correlation that does not take into con- sideration this confounding ...
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The relationship of uterine leiomyomata and genetic polymorphisms of Cytochrome P-450 1A1, Cytochrome P-450 1B1, and Catechol-O-Methyltransferase
... Several studies have found smoking to be inversely associated with fibroids. A small case- control study by Cramer et al. showed a negative association between pathologically confirmed leiomyomas and amount of cigarettes ...
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Causal Inference with Two-Stage Logistic Regression - Accuracy, Precision, and Application
... different two-stage instrumental variable estimators. The two stage logistic regression approaches we consider are the two-stage predictor substitution (2SPS) and two-stage residual inclusion (2SRI) methods (70; 85; 39; ...
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The direct health-care burden of valvular heart disease: evidence from US national survey data
... of confounding factors (ie, comorbidities and sociodemographic factors), and hence esti- mated effects of VHD may be ...potentially confounding comor- bidities, reducing concerns about bias in the ...
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