Evolutionary rates
Within host and between host evolutionary rates across the HIV 1 genome
... of evolutionary processes such as natural selection or drift, whereas the mutation rate is the result of the interaction between a virus and a host ...that evolutionary rates are constant among ...
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Molecular Dating, Evolutionary Rates, and the Age of the Grasses
... in evolutionary rates (Gaut et ...higher evolutionary rates could have been sustained throughout the whole history of the clade, which would mean that the clade is of relatively recent ...
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Unequal Evolutionary Rates in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) Pandemic: the Evolutionary Rate of HIV-1 Slows Down When the Epidemic Rate Increases
... the evolutionary rates of HIV-1 spreading in dif- ferent epidemics throughout the ...an evolutionary rate using BEAST, a software program with which we could test relaxed-molecular-clock models ...
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Gene Expression Intensity Shapes Evolutionary Rates of the Proteins Encoded by the Vertebrate Genome
... selec- evolutionary rates of these putatively vertebrate-specific tion based on polypeptide length, in addition to the genes as compared to those that have descended from classic explanation of selection on ...
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Genome-Scale Phylogenetic Analyses of Chikungunya Virus Reveal Independent Emergences of Recent Epidemics and Various Evolutionary Rates
... estimate evolutionary rates and times to the most recent common ancestors (tMRCA) for CHIKV overall and for each of the individual clades, namely, WAf, ECSA, Asian, and the recent epidemic ...in ...
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Testing for equality of evolutionary rates.
... If the two parameter model (model I) is used on twofold degenerate sites, the estimate of transition rate is the maximum likelihood estimate of. the synonymous rate at tw[r] ...
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Using Rules to Adapt Applications for Business Models with High Evolutionary Rates
... This step describes the design of an architecture module that will be adapted by rules. The rules to be applied along with their attributes and predicates are identified[r] ...
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VARIABILITY OF EVOLUTIONARY RATES OF DNA
... (The four bases in.. We can generate se- quences that exhibit taxonomic exchangeability on the computer by choosing sites at random from the sequences of a group of spec[r] ...
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Evolutionary Rates and Expression Level in Chlamydomonas
... the rates of nucleotide divergence and the level of gene expression in ...substitution rates among genes between ...ary rates, both synonymous and nonsynonymous, and the level of gene expression as ...
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Independence of Evolutionary and Mutational Rates after Transmission of Avian Influenza Viruses to Swine
... The evolutionary rates of both the coding and noncoding changes of the H1N1 swine strains are higher than those of human and classic swine influenza A ...mutation rates of A/Mallard/New York/ 6750/78 ...
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Area, climate heterogeneity, and the response of climate niches to ecological opportunity in island radiations of Anolis lizards
... Keywords: Adaptive radiation, Anolis, climate heterogeneity, climate niche, ecological opportunity, evolutionary rates, island biogeography, niche conservatism, niche evolution Correspon[r] ...
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9-Genes Reinforce the Phylogeny of Holometabola and Yield Alternate Views on the Phylogenetic Placement of Strepsiptera
... LBA/evolutionary rates and alignment of rDNA (relevant to the placement of Strepsiptera within Coleoptera in the present 9-gene study, but presumably ameliorated by the methods of analysis employed), we ...
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Evolutionary interactions between haemagglutinin and neuraminidase in avian influenza
... Additional file 1: Table S1. H7 HA1 sites with dN/dS>1 in stochastic mutational analysis on different NA subtype backgrounds. Table S2: Classification of avian hosts of H7 influenza virus by taxonomic order. Table S3: ...
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Advances in Bayesian Inference for Species Divergence Times.
... recombination rates, can a↵ect the rates of ...higher rates than others; G and C tend to change to A and T more frequently than from the opposite direction in pseudogenes[39, ...enable ...
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Similar rates of morphological evolution in domesticated and wild pigs and dogs
... Although evolutionary rates between wild and domestic forms appear to be similar (Table 6), we found evidence for marked differences among domestic groups and traits (Tables 4, 5 and 6), as has also been ...
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Diverse captive non-human primates with phytanic acid-deficient diets rich in plant products have substantial phytanic acid levels in their red blood cells
... evolution rates of NHP genes relevant to the pharmacokin- etics of PA, chlorophyll, and chlorophyll metabolites could be influenced by selective ...Amacr evolutionary rates varied across primate ...
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Role of sex and migration in adaptation to sink environments
... however, when starved of nitrogen the two mating types (+ and −) differentiate into gametes which pair and fuse to pro- duce a diploid zygote. The zygotes undergo meiosis and hence recombination, producing four haploid ...
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Interaction rates, vital rates, background fitness and replicator dynamics: how to embed evolutionary game structure into realistic population dynamics
... growth rates of the respec- tive strategies? The methods related to game theory are also used in life history theory (Caswell 2001) to describe the competition between different life history strategies, but this ...
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The abiotic and biotic drivers of rapid diversification in Andean bellflowers (Campanulaceae)
... More generally, rapid plant diversification in the world’s mon- tane regions is frequently a product of island-like ecological opportunity following mountain uplift, further stimulated by evolutionary innovation ...
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The Influence of R&D on Economic Development in the West African Sub Region
... some scholars are calling for yet more increased investments in this sector. This has led to most governments facing various competing demands for public funding, especially on how much allocation to education, health, ...
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