human immunodeficiency virus-type 1 reverse transcriptase
The Impact of Multidideoxynucleoside Resistance-Conferring Mutations in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase on Polymerase Fidelity and Error Specificity
... to type I error. The Q151 residue in HIV-1 RT maps to the loop between the aE and b8 region of the RT, near the single-stranded DNA of the tem- plate base (30), and is proposed to make contact with the ...
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Incorporation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase into Virus-Like Particles
... Improper subcellular localization of expressed RT-IN pro- teins may partly account for their reduced incorporation into VLPs. Improper transport or subcellular localization may con- tribute to reduced RT-IN incorporation ...
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Involvement of Novel Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Mutations in the Regulation of Resistance to Nucleoside Inhibitors
... chain-terminating NRTI (23). Overall, our data support the idea that H208Y may play a role in mechanisms that regulate NRTI resistance, presumably by promoting the primer rescue. Interestingly, our covariation analysis ...
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Effects of Amino Acid Substitutions at Position 115 on the Fidelity of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase
... serum albumin per ml, 10 mM CHAPS {3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylam- monio]-1-propanesulfonate}, and 20 M each dATP, dCTP, dGTP, and dTTP. One microgram of either wild-type HIV-1 RT or the Y115F ...
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Genotypic, Phenotypic, and Modeling Studies of a Deletion in the β3-β4 Region of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Gene That Is Associated with Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... Two crystal structure RT templates (open and closed complexes) were used in our homology modeling experiments to examine structural changes both in the presence and in the absence of deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTP). ...
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Comparison of Second-Strand Transfer Requirements and RNase H Cleavages Catalyzed by Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase (RT) and E478Q RT
... Figure 1 summarizes the second-strand transfer assay with substrates possessing truncations in the 5⬘ RNA ...Step 1 represents the input substrates for the ⌬6, ⌬9, and ⌬12 constructs, in which the RNA-DNA ...
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Mutations That Abrogate Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Dimerization Affect Maturation of the Reverse Transcriptase Heterodimer
... abrogate human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) dimerization on virus replication is not known, as mutations shown previously ...
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Human recombinant antibody fragments neutralizing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 reverse transcriptase provide an experimental basis for the structural classification of the DNA polymerase family.
... Expression and biochemical characterization of the neutral- izing anti-HIV-1 RT antibody fragments. Two phage antibod- ies that were most active in the inhibition of RT enzymatic activity (phages C7 and D7) were ...
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Amino Acid Mutation N348I in the Connection Subdomain of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Confers Multiclass Resistance to Nucleoside and Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors
... Insertion at 69 and N348I. At time point 8 we detected the transient presence of the fingers insertion mutation, a 2-amino- acid insertion at codon 69 in the presence of TAMs known to confer resistance to NRTIs by ...
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The K65R Mutation in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Reverse Transcriptase Exhibits Bidirectional Phenotypic Antagonism with Thymidine Analog Mutations
... acids 1 to 560) of RT by RT-PCR, purifying the PCR product (Wizard PCR Purification System; Promega, Madison, ...no-drug, virus-infected control ...inhibit virus replication by 50% (IC 50 ) for ...
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The M184V Mutation in Reverse Transcriptase Can Delay Reversion of Attenuated Variants of Simian Immunodeficiency Virus
... simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) mutants containing deletions within a 97-nucleotide region of the SIVmac239 untranslated region or leader ...in human immunodeficiency virus ...
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Reduced Susceptibility of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) from Patients with Primary HIV Infection to Nonnucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors Is Associated with Variation at Novel Amino Acid Sites
... The reduced susceptibility described was not associated with mutations at amino acid sites that were previously known to affect susceptibility to NNRTIs, and its genotypic basis re- mained unclear. We therefore extended ...
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Template Usage Is Responsible for the Preferential Acquisition of the K65R Reverse Transcriptase Mutation in Subtype C Variants of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... The mechanism that we describe is based on the increased probability of a base substitution of HIV-1 RT in a subtype- specific nucleotide sequence, which results in the preferred selection of the K65R resistance ...
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Sources and Magnitude of Intralaboratory Variability in a Sequence Based Genotypic Assay for Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance
... sequencing human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) protease (PR) and reverse transcriptase (RT) by using replicate subanalyses of 46 plasma samples collected ...
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Frequency of Mutations Conferring Resistance to Nucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infected Patients in Korea
... It is known that T69D/N/A mutations cause resistance to ddC and ddI (26). Although T69N/S/D/A mutations were not detected in 29 therapy-naive patients in Korea (24), these mutations were detected in 8 patients in the ...
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Evidence that Lo's mycoplasma (Mycoplasma fermentans incognitus) is not a unique strain among Mycoplasma fermentans strains
... Furthermore, the replication of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 HIV-1, determined by reverse transcriptase activity and HIV-1 p24 antigen level, in peripheral blood mononuclear cells[r] ...
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Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 nucleocapsid protein reduces reverse transcriptase pausing at a secondary structure near the murine leukemia virus polypurine tract.
... FIG. 6. Ability of HIV-1 mutant NC proteins to reduce formation of the 75-nt pause product. Reaction mixtures containing the wild-type and indicated mutant NC proteins were analyzed as described in ...
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Comparative Analysis of Two Commercial Phenotypic Assays for Drug Susceptibility Testing of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) isolates from 50 plasma specimens were analyzed for phenotypic susceptibility to licensed reverse transcriptase ...
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Cassette mutagenesis of the reverse transcriptase of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
... Mutational analysis of the DNA polymerase and ribonuclease H activities of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 reverse transcriptase expressed in Escherichia coli.. Reconstitution in vit[r] ...
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Intracellular expression of single-chain variable fragments to inhibit early stages of the viral life cycle by targeting human immunodeficiency virus type 1 integrase.
... the virus-encoded enzyme integrase ...deficiency virus type 1 (anti-HIV-1) IN hybridomas has been used in the construction of single-chain variable antibody fragments ...in human ...
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