Interferon antagonist
Novel Gene Product of Thogoto Virus Segment 6 Codes for an Interferon Antagonist
... efficient interferon inducer, whereas ML-expressing wild-type strains were poor interferon ...beta interferon promoter by double-stranded ...potent interferon antagonist by blocking ...
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Generation of Mutant Uukuniemi Viruses Lacking the Nonstructural Protein NSs by Reverse Genetics Indicates that NSs Is a Weak Interferon Antagonist
... Uukuniemi virus (UUKV) is a tick-borne phlebovirus that is apathogenic for humans and has been used as a convenient model to investigate aspects of phlebovirus replication. Recently, new tick-borne phleboviruses have ...
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Modular cell based platform for high throughput identification of compounds that inhibit a viral interferon antagonist of choice
... IFN antagonist of ...IFN antagonist expression in the A549/ ...IFN antagonist function will release the im- posed block and hence restore eGFP expression, providing a measurable parameter for ...
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The Interferon Antagonist ML Protein of Thogoto Virus Targets General Transcription Factor IIB
... genetic information for the nonessential protein ML. Both M and ML are encoded on segment 6. The M reading frame is terminated by a stop codon created by a splicing event (28). ML (304 amino acids [aa]) is translated ...
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Identification of Residues Critical for the Interferon Antagonist Function of Langat Virus NS5 Reveals a Role for the RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase Domain
... The IFN antagonist function of the RdRP did not appear to depend upon key motifs necessary for RdRP activity. Each of the eight conserved motifs within the Flaviviridae RdRP con- tain residues involved in RNA ...
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Prolonged Activity of the Pestiviral RNase Erns as an Interferon Antagonist after Uptake by Clathrin-Mediated Endocytosis
... B ovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) is a pathogen of cattle that is spread worldwide. Together with the classical swine fever virus (CSFV) and border disease virus (BDV), this positive-sense, single-stranded RNA (ssRNA) ...
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Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus Accessory Protein 4a Is a Type I Interferon Antagonist
... After confirmation of protein expression, we investigated pu- tative IFN antagonistic functions. Upon virus infection, the IFN induction pathway is triggered by dsRNA molecules (intermedi- ates of viral replication) that ...
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The S Segment of Punta Toro Virus (Bunyaviridae, Phlebovirus) Is a Major Determinant of Lethality in the Syrian Hamster and Codes for a Type I Interferon Antagonist
... tosidase (CMV–  -Gal) reporter plasmid as an internal control. After 6 h post- transfection at 37°C, the cells were mock infected or infected with PTV-Adames or PTV-Balliet strains at an MOI of 3. Sendai virus (Cantell ...
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The Rabies Virus Interferon Antagonist P Protein Interacts with Activated STAT3 and Inhibits Gp130 Receptor Signaling
... FIG 1 RABV P protein inhibits nuclear translocation of cytokine-activated STAT3 in living cells. COS-7 cells cotransfected to express the indicated proteins were treated at 20 h posttransfection without or with 10 ng/ml ...
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Transcriptome Profiling of the Virus-Induced Innate Immune Response in Pteropus vampyrus and Its Attenuation by Nipah Virus Interferon Antagonist Functions
... As expected, mRNAseq analysis of NDV-infected P. vampyrus cells revealed the significant upregulation of genes enriched in antiviral immune pathways. By comparing these genes with the genes in a database of mouse and ...
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Activation of PKR by Bunyamwera Virus Is Independent of the Viral Interferon Antagonist NSs
... grown to 80% confluence and incubated overnight with various con- centrations of human interferon alpha A/D (BglII) (PBL Biomedical Laboratories). After 24 h of incubation, cells were infected with 0.01 PFU/cell ...
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Inhibition of Interferon-Stimulated JAK-STAT Signaling by a Tick-Borne Flavivirus and Identification of NS5 as an Interferon Antagonist
... The tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) complex of viruses, genus Flavivirus, can cause severe encephalitis, meningitis, and/or hemorrhagic fevers. Effective interferon (IFN) responses are critical to recovery from ...
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Bluetongue virus NS4 protein is an interferon antagonist and a determinant of virus virulence
... pared to mock-infected cells, of which 1,055 were downregulated and 1,808 were upregulated (Fig. 4B). In comparison, fewer genes (n ⫽ 2,292) were found to be differentially expressed in cells in- fected by BTV8⌬NS4 than ...
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Bluetongue Virus NS4 Protein Is an Interferon Antagonist and a Determinant of Virus Virulence
... pared to mock-infected cells, of which 1,055 were downregulated and 1,808 were upregulated (Fig. 4B). In comparison, fewer genes (n ⫽ 2,292) were found to be differentially expressed in cells in- fected by BTV8⌬NS4 than ...
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Role of Interferon Antagonist Activity of Rabies Virus Phosphoprotein in Viral Pathogenicity
... Brzo ´zka et al. (3) demonstrated that the RV P protein also inhibits type I IFN induction by interfering with the phosphor- ylation of the transcription factor interferon regulatory factor 3 (IRF-3) by ...
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Identification of the Rabies Virus Alpha/Beta Interferon Antagonist: Phosphoprotein P Interferes with Phosphorylation of Interferon Regulatory Factor 3
... Rabies virus (RV) of the Rhabdoviridae family grows in alpha/beta interferon (IFN)-competent cells, sug- gesting the existence of viral mechanisms preventing IFN gene expression. We here identify the viral phos- ...
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Diversity of Interferon Antagonist Activities Mediated by NSP1 Proteins of Different Rotavirus Strains
... beta interferon (IFN-  ) expression by inducing the degradation of IFN-regulatory factors (IRFs) (IRF3, IRF5, and IRF7) or a component of the E3 ubiquitin ligase complex responsible for activating NF- B (  ...
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Mouse Hepatitis Coronavirus A59 Nucleocapsid Protein Is a Type I Interferon Antagonist
... the antagonist activity observed with the N gene, we used reverse genetics to construct an MHV I ORF knockout ...the antagonist activity that prevents PKR and RNase L activation during MHV ...
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Role of μ-opioid receptor in parafascicular nucleus of thalamus on morphine-induced antinociception in a rat model of acute trigeminal pain
... opioid-receptor antagonist) and naloxonazine (a specific μ-opioid receptor antagonist), alone and before morphine microinjection into PFN of thalamus were ...
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Innate immune responses induced by lipopolysaccharide and lipoteichoic acid in primary goat mammary epithelial cells
... Thus, interferon (IFN) signaling is considered a critical point for host resistance against different pathogens [33], although the end result may be beneficial or det- rimental to the host depending on the ...
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