live-bird markets
Surveillance of avirulent Newcastle disease viruses at live bird markets in Eastern China during 2008–2012 reveals a new sub genotype of class I virus
... the class I viruses circulating in Eastern China were mix. As Liu et al. [8] only concerned about the class I virus cir- culating in ducks at LBMs in Eastern China, and deals of chickens were also existed at the ...
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Isolation and Characterization of Avian Influenza Viruses, Including Highly Pathogenic H5N1, from Poultry in Live Bird Markets in Hanoi, Vietnam, in 2001
... Since 1997, outbreaks of highly pathogenic (HP) H5N1 and circulation of H9N2 viruses among domestic poultry in Asia have posed a threat to public health. To better understand the extent of transmission of avian influenza ...
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Phylogenetic Analysis of H7 Avian Influenza Viruses Isolated from the Live Bird Markets of the Northeast United States
... with live-bird markets (LBM) in the Northeast United States, was first detected in 1994 and, despite efforts to eradicate the virus, surveillance of these markets has resulted in numerous ...
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Optimising the detectability of H5N1 and H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses in Vietnamese live-bird markets
... Finally, using the model outputs, we simulated all combinations of sample types in order to identify par- simonious sampling strategies that ensured high sensitivity for both H5N1 and H5N6 subtypes. As shown in Fig. 4, ...
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Genetic Analysis of Hemagglutinin Protein of H9N2 Isolated from Live Bird Markets in Tehran Province in 2007-2008
... Methods: A total of 500 tracheal and cloacal swabs from clinically healthy birds of Tehran's live bird markets were collected. Diagnostic RT-PCR was done on them using specific primers for subtype ...
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Disparate thermostability profiles and HN gene domains of field isolates of Newcastle disease virus from live bird markets and waterfowl in Uganda
... vaccines. Live bird markets and waterfowl has long been reported as a major source of disease spread as well as potential sources of avirulent strains that may mutate to virulent ...
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Towards control of avian influenza H5N1 virus in Indonesia: Human infection, and the role of live bird markets.
... of markets, the main aims of which are to improve the environment and ensure safe food-handling ...two live bird markets in Indonesia, a low-resource country with areas where avian influenza ...
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High pathogenicity and low genetic evolution of avian paramyxovirus type I (Newcastle disease virus) isolated from live bird markets in Uganda
... from live bird markets have been suspected as a major source of disease spread although limited studies have been conducted to ascertain the presence of the virulent strains in the markets and ...
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Comparative epidemiology of highly pathogenic avian influenza virus H5N1 and H5N6 in Vietnamese live bird markets: spatio-temporal patterns of distribution and risk factors
... of live bird markets (LBMs) was initiated in 2008, first targeting the H5N1 virus and later expanding to include the H5N6 ...between markets, but also between regions and even across ...
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Live bird markets characterization and trading network analysis in Mali: Implications for the surveillance and control of avian influenza and Newcastle disease
... 'Live bird markets characterization and trading network analysis in Mali: Implications for the surveillance and control of avian influenza and Newcastle disease', Acta Tropica, 155, ...
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Prevalence of avian influenza A(H5) and A(H9) in live bird markets in Bangladesh
... Live bird markets (LBMs) form the backbone of poul- try trade in many countries in Asia. Birds of different types and from different geographic areas are introduced daily into LBMs and might be caged ...
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Intense circulation of A/H5N1 and other avian influenza viruses in Cambodian live-bird markets with serological evidence of sub-clinical human infections
... Environmental sample testing showed that the LBM environment is highly contaminated with AIVs (Table 1). Influenza A detection rates were highest in carcass wash water samples, which serve as ‘pooled’ samples for multiple ...
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A qualitative study of avian influenza A H5N1 at the human animal interface: examining constructions of risk and associated behaviours of people who work with poultry in three live bird markets in Indonesia
... 32 experienced this revolution remains diffuse and diverse, with the majority of birds raised for consumption still sold through traditional marketing structures such as live bird markets (Sumiarto ...
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Genetic characterization of avian influenza subtype H4N6 and H4N9 from live bird market, Thailand
... Live-bird markets (LBMs) are the places where wild birds, pet birds, meat birds and domestic poultry are sold to ...the markets, thousands of birds from different sources are sold in wire ...
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Molecular Surveillance of Avian Influenza in Live Bird Market of Qom City in Iran
... Live bird markets (LBM) are essential for marketing poultry in many developing countries, and they are a preferred place for many people to purchase poultry for consumption throughout the ...world. ...
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A Global Perspective on H9N2 Avian Influenza Virus
... avian influenza virus subtypes H5N1 and H9N2 in birds from farms and live bird markets. 752[r] ...
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Minimizing the threat of pandemic emergence from avian influenza in poultry systems
... retail markets in affected areas rapidly decreased human cases to rare, sporadic occurrence, but little attention has been paid thus far to the role of upstream elements of the poultry distribution chain such as ...
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Prevalence of avian metapneumovirus subtype B in live bird market in Gilan province, Iran
... the live bird markets of the north of ...several live bird markets in the north of Iran which present local and migrant birds coming from the north of Caspian Sea to the ...
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The broiler meat system in Nairobi, Kenya: using a value chain framework to understand animal and product flows, governance and sanitary risks
... A cross-sectional study of Nairobi’s broiler meat value chains was implemented between February 2013 and April 2014, as part of a broader livestock value chains study. Data collection was qualitative and consisted of ...
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Optimality in Bird Migration (BIRD)
... of bird migration, not least as a consequence of the systematic application of new study techniques such as ringing, radar and satellite ...of bird flight and decision making reached the quantitative level ...
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