science and technology

▪ Medicine spending in India is projected to grow 9-12% over the next five years, leading India to become one of the top 10 countries in terms of medicine spending. ▪ The Ayurveda sector in India reached US$ 4.4 billion by 2018 end and is estimated to grow at 16% CAGR till 2025. ▪ In December 2020, India’s first indigenous mRNA vaccine candidate received approval from the Indian Drug regulators to initiate Phase I/II human clinical trials. The novel mRNA vaccine candidate, HGCO19 has been developed by Gennova, Pune, and supported with seed grant under the Ind-CEPI mission of Department of Biotechnology of Ministry of Science & Technology.

Environmental Science for Agriculture and Forestry By thinking of a watershed as a unit in which people carry on their lives and in which circulation of resources takes place and by conducting research on forest science and agricultural engineering, which help preserve the forests, which provide the foundation for human existence, and the farmland and agriculture, on which human work to obtain food, we aim to accumulate knowledge and develop technology to enable symbiosis of human and nature. On the other hand, in the land of Niigata, one of the world’s heavy snowfall regions where unique forms of water circulation and habitat for animals and plants can be found, we carry on advanced research on the changes in the circulation of water and substances, on the agricultural and forest environment, and on agricultural production and the ecosystem, which are likely to be strongly affected by the global warming. The course consists of the following fields of research: forest ecology, preservation and utilization of forest resources, regional management engineering, agricultural system engineering, agricultural environment informatics, changes in water circulation, and changes in the ecosystem.

• Educational sciences o Science and Mathematics Education o Pedagogics An educational and research plan is drawn up together with the candidate and the principal supervisor / research group at the start of the programme of study. It is finalised during the first year partly by means of the compulsory introductory seminar. The required coursework totals 30 credits (though the candidate can take more on a voluntary basis) to ensure that the candidate has adequate time for his/her own research, which is the most important part of a PhD programme in science and technology. Five of these credits must be in research ethics.

Information Elements of Science and Technology Policy Planning Research content of Science and technology intelligence has the following four characteristics: One is targeted. That is to say the research task is put forward by the users or is required by the development of science and technology, the research content should focus on issues of concern to the user or the decision to meet the specific needs, the conclusion of the study is oriented, more specific goals. Two is comprehensive. Issues involved in the study are the most comprehensive, not only relates to many field of science and technology, but also have relation with society, economy, and management etc. Three is the time. It requires clear time to complete. In order to give full play to the social benefits and economic benefits of research results, it needs to closely cooperate with the needs of users. Four is the intersection. The cross characteristics show in many aspects. The first is natural science and social science, scientific and technical problems, the technical and economic fields. The second is various research methods including cross qualitative research and quantitative analysis, demand survey and literature survey and field survey and so on [6] . Therefore, this article plays the policy content as one of important analysis. According to the characteristics of science and technology intelligence it analyzes the purpose and significance, support objects, support content, payment methods or means of the policy.

While international research programmes of a global scale have been gradually put in place during the last three decades, global scientific assessments relevant to the nine societal benefit areas have developed much more slowly . Apart from notable exceptions (e .g . the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and the Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion), international assessment bodies of comparable scope and regular output for other areas have not yet been institutionalized . However, the Millennium Ecosystem Assessment and the still ongoing International Assessment of Agricultural Science and Technology for Development are highly important milestones in their fields for improving the science for policy scheme . Other examples of assessments with mutually beneficial relationships to GEOSS are the World Water Assessment Programme (UN system) and the Global Energy Assessment, recently launched by the International Institute on Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA) . For “biodiversity”, a consultation process is underway to set up an International Mechanism of Scientific Expertise on Biodiversity (IMoSEB) . In the area of “renewable energy”, ICSU, the International Council of Academies of Engineering and Technological Sciences and the Renewable Energy Policy Network (REN21) jointly sponsor the International Scientific Advisory Panel on Renewable Energies .

China, Sunju, recorded in "Kao Gong Ji ", fully embodies the harmony of technological innovation and eco-technology aesthetics. Sunju is the stent of ancient musical instruments like hanging bell, stones etc. The central crossbar is called Sun and two uprights are called Ju. It is both a practical device and a style of art. The shapes of Sunju are often closely related to vertebrates in nature. If a shape of grand sound animal is taken as a Zhongju with a bell with the same huge sound, the beauty of animal-shaped decoration and the beauty of sound practice will correspond to each other, casting beautiful reflections. In 1978, a zoomorphic Pan Ju, unearthed at the tomb of Zeng Houyi in Sui county, Hubei province, combined birds in the design of Ju’s shape. More precisely, it was the kind of birds that had sharp mouths, open lips, small eyes, slender necks, short torsos and underdeveloped abdomens. They looked nimble with little strength which fitted for a lighter load force, together with the beautiful sound of the Pan, making a complement of visual and auditory appreciation and enhancing the appealing of whole work of art. The aesthetic meaning of eco-technology is accurately manifested in its appearance, internal structure and function. In addition, the productive significance of ecological science aesthetics can be proved on the product of some other ancient Chinese appliance. This could even more explain the ecological points and values of traditional Chinese culture. For instance, the shape and function of "Sharp-end Bottle", one of the typical devices in the culture of Yangshao, all show the concept of " If a bottle is empty, it will be lean. In the middle, it will be straight. If full, it will be overflowed." This suggests that people should properly handle the relationship between people and natural ecosystems and do not make it lose its balance. It is visible that the period of handicrafts is an important period of human civilization. Carrying the national culture, the various traditional products, created by artisans, indicate the idea that the Creator are trying to combine nature and products even in their consciousness, which keeps the harmony of human and nature.

cience, technology and Society in the 20th century Preview: The twentieth century witnessed the greatest changes in technology and science that humans have ever witnessed. These occurred rapidly and affected such a broad range of people. Scientists, inventors, and engineers built upon the great inventions of the 19th century to expand the reach of modern technology - for a citizen in 1900, communication, transportation, and agricultural was still primarily local activities; by 2000, an American citizen was part of an interconnected global community. These developments in science and technology were also important in the social and cultural changes of the period. The Great Depression, the World Wars and Cold War, the civil rights and women's rights movements - all were greatly impacted by the rapid scientific and technological advancements in the universities and industry.

Master of Science The Faculty of Science and Technology (FST) was established officially on the 19 th . of July, 1999 as a result of restructuring of four science-based faculties namely the Faculty of Life Sciences, the Faculty of Mathematical Sciences, The Faculty of Physical and Applied Sciences, and the Faculty of Science and Natural Resources.

Materials Science and Technology 126 2009). In a 2003 medical encyclopedia (Miller & O’Toole, 2005 as cited in Medical Dictionary, ndb) the authors combine the 1999 and 2002 definitions saying that the biomaterial can be defined as “any substance (other than a drug), synthetic or natural, that can be used as a system or part of a system that treats, augments, or replaces any tissue, organ, or function of the body; especially, material suitable for use in prostheses that will be in contact with living tissue”. In 2005, modern medicine (Segen, 2005 as cited in Medical Dictionary, ndb) gives two definitions for biomaterial as being - “1. any synthetic material or device – e.g. implant or prosthesis - intended to treat, enhance or replace an aging or malfunctioning–or cosmetically unacceptable — native tissue, organ or function in the body, bioengineering, breast implants, hybrid artificial pancreas, Shiley valve, teflon, total hip replacement and 2. a biomaterial used for its structural, not biological properties – e.g., collagen in cosmetics, carbohydrates modified by biotechnology to be used as lubricants for biomedical applications or as bulking agents in food industry.” The latest definition in 2009 (Williams, 2009), which includes all the previous ideas, states that “A biomaterial is a substance that has been engineered to take a form which, alone or as part of a complex system, is used to direct, by control of interactions with components of living systems, the course of any therapeutic or diagnostic procedure, in human or veterinary medicine.” Facing this changes in time, makes it difficult to classify polymer nanocomposite biomaterials into materials which are intended for medical devices and which implies their use for bio-technological purposes (e.g., renewable resources) (Wu et al., 2010). Polymeric biomaterials are developed in different shapes and for different purposes in order to substitute and repair biological tissues (Hench & Polak, 2002; Ma & Elisseeff, 2005, as cited in Wu et al., 2010). New attempts to design self-assembled and smart nanocomposite biomaterials are conducted to fulfil some external requirements such as optic, temperature, mechanic, electric and magnetic fields (Hirst et al., 2008; Peppas et al., 2006; Stuart et al. 2010). These requirements are very important when designing smart implants and drug delivery systems as well as new bio- technologies including biosensors, in vitro diagnostics, cell culture matrices, contrast agents and bioassays (Hirst et al., 2008; Stuart et al. 2010; Wu et al., 2010).

VOCABULARY IN CONTEXT was written especially for you. The program was designed to enrich your personal “word bank” with many hundreds of high-frequency and challenging words. There are six thematic books in the series—Everyday Living, Workplace and Careers, Science and Technology, Media and Marketplace, History and Geography, and Music, Art, and Literature. Each worktext presents topic-related readings with key terms in context. Follow-up exercises provide a wide variety of practice activities to help you unlock the meanings of unfamiliar words. These strategies include the study of synonyms and antonyms; grammatical word forms; word roots, prefixes, and suffixes; connotations; and the efficient use of a dictionary and thesaurus. Thinking skills, such as drawing conclusions and completing analogies, are included as reinforcement.

Demonstration (RTD&D) have provided opportunities for Irish researchers to collaborate with European partners in leading edge research. EU support has also led to the significant up-grading of national science and technology infrastructures and to encouraging more innovation in companies. Through successive EU Framework Programmes for RTD&D (currently FP6), Irish researchers have joined with organisations in Europe, and beyond, to compete for, and win, funding for specific research which the European Community considers important for its industrial competitiveness and quality of life. The benefits for successful participants include access to funds, the sharing of risks and costs, access to project results and working with leading researchers, thereby gaining new scientific knowledge and research skills. A further benefit is the substantial contribution the Framework Programmes make towards the building of trans-national research linkages. These linkages can, and do, form the basis for future collaborative partnerships between researchers across all sectors.

• The type of courses requested. The office focuses particularly on the number of science and math courses in the student's proposed roster. Each petition will be reviewed individually based on the number of credits requested. Permission to Complete a Course(s) at Another Institution After Matriculation Students in the College of Science and Technology who wish to take courses at another institution after matriculation must petition the Office of Student Services for approval prior to enrolling in such a course. Petition forms are available at www.temple.edu/vpus/forms/index.htm. Students should first discuss their academic plans with their advisor. The student is then responsible for obtaining any needed course descriptions from the other institution and attaching it to the petition form. The student takes the petition to the corresponding Temple department for faculty review and then submits the petition to the Office of Student Services for final approval.

© Applied Science Innovations Pvt. Ltd., India Carbon – Sci. Tech. 7/2 (2015)42–52 hence, preferred over other methods of control [6] . For effective fumigation, the fumigant needs to be maintained for an adequate period of time at a concentration which is toxic to the insect pest [7] . Prolonged exposure to the chemical fumigants like methyl bromide and phosphine increases resistance of pests leading to an ineffective control in the long run [8, 9] . Moreover, phosphine is a potent environment hazard as it depletes the ozone layer [10] . Agricultural and food industries use modified atmospheres (MA) or controlled atmospheres (CA) for preservation of raw materials [11] . MA technology, such as lower oxygen (O 2 ) concentration and higher carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) in a closed

Graduates of the Academy of Science and Technology, a nationally recognized learning community and college preparatory program, will be socially responsible citizens who make major contributions to the future. The mission of the CISD Academy of Science and Technology is to prepare students having a strong interest in science, technology, computers, and mathematics for success in college and life. The Academy provides a challenging and innovative program designed to develop student responsibility, motivation, and commitment to learning within an ethical learning community that emphasizes trust and cooperation. We commit that our vision, mission, and beliefs will drive our decisions set in a context of continuous improvement.

IBU Journal of Science and Technology (IBUJST) is a refereed international journal and devoted to the rapid publication of original and significant research in the fundamental theory, practice and application of engineering, science and technology. IBU Journal of Science and Technology will publish papers in science, technology, engineering and application in the areas of, but not limited to: agricultural engineering, biomedical engineering, chemi- cal engineering, civil engineering, computer engineering, electrical engi- neering, genetics & bioengineering, industrial engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry, physics, and mathematics. As an international science and technology journal with interdisciplinary feature, it will set a ground to bring science and engineering communities across disciplines identified above with a view for sharing information and debate. The jour- nal publishes refereed articles and technical research notes that build on theory and contemporary scientific knowledge. Articles submitted to IBUJST will be peer-reviewed and expected to report previously unpub- lished scientific work. Submitted manuscripts should follow journal guidelines and should not be under consideration elsewhere.

In this course, you will learn about selected aspects of the politics of science and technology. The course is organized in two parts. The first part is an introduction into the ways in which scholars have looked at science and technology not as something which is ‘removed’ or ‘outside’ of society, but as thoroughly social endeavors. As such, they are open to scrutiny through empirical investigation, and to social and political claims of accountability.

the Twelfth Five-Year Plan for the Economic and Social Development of Beijing, the project gives full play to the Capital’s advantage in the aggregation of science and technology resources and endeavors to enhance Beijing’s core competency in 4G standard setting, chipset designing, equipment R&D and so on. The project will achieve breakthroughs in a list of 4G core technologies, develop cutting-edge products and make advanced arrangements. It will also guide the development of 4G industry, propel Beijing to lead the country in the 4G era and drive the development of Beijing’s Network of Things, spatial information services and other 4G-related industries.

It follows that if there were no limit to technological substitution then there would be no need to maintain the Ecological Bot- tom-Line (EBL). Hence we could allow Earth's environment to be degraded such that we fall below the EBL without being con- cerned about our ability to meet human needs and ensure human well-being. The logical end-point of an optimistic view of technology is a totally artificial existence. Ko Doeleman [8] has argued, (playing the 'devil's advocate' as a techno-optimist) that economic and social forces will result in hu- manity existing as fully urbanised popula- tions living in domed cities oblivious to the surrounding environmental conditions. The notion of a human population totally de- pendent on a artificial environment has per- haps until now been only considered in the context of science fiction and fantasy. How- ever the extent of technological development over the last 100 years demands that we con- sider this as a serious proposition. Increas- ingly, human needs are being met with engi- neered solutions, with the degree of substi- tution and replacement intensifying in agri- culture, forestry, housing, water supply, en- ergy use, entertainment, recreation etc.

There will be no assessment provided for applicants arriving after the assigned assessment time. Parents may stay in a designated area during the assessment. If the applicant cannot attend or complete the scheduled assessment due to an unforeseen illness or emergency, please contact Western School of Technology and Environmental Science at (410) 887-0840 and contact the Office of Magnet Programs at (410) 887 - 4127. Please be aware that assessments will not be rescheduled without documentation verifying the illness or emergency.

COURSE DESCRIPTION: The course is designed to expose postgraduate students to a wide assay of topics from various disciplines. The field of bioethics is not dominated by a single discipline but rather it concerns cross disciplines, that is, they are both scientific and ethical. Hence this course provides the opportunity for sustained, cross-disciplinary work in the fields of biology, natural sciences, medicine, philosophy, sociology, demography and theology. It enables a student to pursue topics where life sciences and ethics converge. Some of the areas that postgraduates should have some working knowledge of and which shall be helpful while pursuing the course in bioethics include genetics, use of scientific technology, allocation of resources, philosophy of science, environmental studies and so on.