toxin A
Identification of Toxin A Negative, Toxin B Positive Clostridium difficile by PCR
... differentiate toxin A-negative, toxin B-positive (toxin A 2 , toxin B 1 ) strains from both toxin-positive (toxin A 1 , toxin B 1 ) strains and both toxin-negative ...
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Botulinum toxin-A for the treatment of neuralgia: a systematic review and meta-analysis
... Botulinum toxin A in postherpetic neuralgia: a parallel, randomized, double-blind, single-dose, placebo-controlled ...botulinum toxin A in peripheral neuropathic pain (BOT- NEP): a randomised, double-blind, ...
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Clostridium difficile toxin A perturbs cytoskeletal structure and tight junction permeability of cultured human intestinal epithelial monolayers
... in toxin-treated monolayers versus controls. These data show that toxin A can directly affect the barrier function of this model intestinal epithelium and initially does so by selectively enhancing tight ...
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Diminished Clostridium difficile toxin A sensitivity in newborn rabbit ileum is associated with decreased toxin A receptor
... In that toxin A is the major cause of intestinal damage with this organism, we compared toxin A receptor binding and biological effects in newborn vs adult rabbit ileum.. Purified toxin [r] ...
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Neutrophil recruitment in Clostridium difficile toxin A enteritis in the rabbit
... difficile toxin A-induced ...Pertussis toxin and the nonhydrolyzable GTP analog GTPgamma S both inhibited 3H-toxin A binding (by 56 and 65%, respectively), indicating that the rabbit neutrophil ...
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Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay for Clostridium difficile toxin A
... difficile strains by the ELISA for the presence of toxin A, and our results demonstrated that the concentration of toxin A by ELISA closely correlated with the cytotoxic titers of toxins[r] ...
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Characterization of rabbit ileal receptors for Clostridium difficile toxin A Evidence for a receptor coupled G protein
... for toxin A, the enterotoxin from Clostridium difficile, on rabbit intestinal brush borders (BB) and on rat basophilic leukemia (RBL) ...Purified toxin A was radiolabeled using a modified Bolton- Hunter ...
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“Botulinum Toxin: A Review on Its Transition from a Lethal Poison to a Magical Therapeutic Drug” by S Amarnath, Arun Sharma, K Rathna Kumar, K Hemanandhini, S Ramaswamy, India.
... Botulinum toxin is a neurotoxin produced by Clostridium botulinum which causes ...this toxin and characterization of the microbe’s culture ...botulinum toxin along with the side effect profile and ...
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Early experimental results of using a novel delivery carrier, Hyaluronan-phosphatidylethanolamine (HA-PE) which may allow simple bladder instillation of Botulinum Toxin A as effectively as direct detrusor muscle injection.
... Oral anti-muscarinic agents have been widely used as first-line treatment for patients with DO. Failure of adequate anti-muscarinic therapy, may require surgical intervention designed to reduce bladder storage pressures ...
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Hypervirulent clade 2, ribotype 019/sequence type 67 Clostridioides difficile strain from Japan
... Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a well-known cause of healthcare-associated infections, ranging from mild diarrhea to severe pseudomembranous colitis and even death. It may be related to disruption of the ...
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Correlation of Disease Severity with Fecal Toxin Levels in Patients with Clostridium difficile Associated Diarrhea and Distribution of PCR Ribotypes and Toxin Yields In Vitro of Corresponding Isolates
... difficile toxin yields in vitro (15, 16), nutrients present in the colonic lumen may also greatly affect toxin levels in vivo and need to be examined further (23, ...fecal toxin A levels by up to ...
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Efficacy of Botulinum Toxin Type A in Trigeminal Neuralgia in a South Asian Cohort.
... Introduction: The antinociceptive effect of botulinum toxin‑A (BTX‑A) in trigeminal neuralgia (TN) has been described. We evaluated effects of BTX‑A in relieving pain in patients with refractory TN at National ...
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Diagnosis of Clostridium difficile infection by toxigenic culture and PCR assay
... on toxin B detection is the gold standard for diagnosis of ...detect toxin A or toxin B genes in strains or directly in fecal samples and in terms of sensitivity is similar to the cytotoxicity ...
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Protein Biotoxins of Military Significance
... The Gram-positive pathogen Clostridium perfringens is a major cause of human and veterinary enteric disease largely because this bacterium can produce several toxins when present inside the gastrointestinal tract. C. ...
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A CRITICAL REVIEW OF THE UNKNOWN FACTS OF BOTOX COSMETIC TOXICITY AND ITS SAFER AYURVEDIC ANTI-AGING ALTERNATIVES .......
... potent toxin. Each vial of Botox (Botulinum Toxin Type A) contains 100 U of toxin, ...the toxin is drawn into the vial by the vacuum and not squirted into it and it is not ...Botulinum ...
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New Players in the Toxin Field: Polymorphic Toxin Systems in Bacteria
... Polymorphic toxin systems (PTS), recently identified by bioinformatics in all major bacterial lineages, correspond to such a system primarily in- volved in conflict between related bacterial ...multidomain ...
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Distinct Roles of the Repeat Containing Regions and Effector Domains of the Vibrio vulnificus Multifunctional Autoprocessing Repeats in Toxin (MARTX) Toxin
... MARTX toxin is the forma- tion of a pore or pore-like structure at the host cell membrane to translocate effector domains into the target eukaryotic cell cytosol ...of toxin secretion, this could not be ...
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Proteolytic Processing and Activation of Clostridium perfringens Epsilon Toxin by Caprine Small Intestinal Contents
... Previous studies of the proteolytic processing and activation of ETX prototoxin provided considerable insights into the biology of this potent pore-forming toxin (3, 4, 12, 18, 24, 25). For example, earlier ...
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Targeting Alpha Toxin and ClfA with a Multimechanistic Monoclonal Antibody Based Approach for Prophylaxis of Serious Staphylococcus aureus Disease
... Alpha-toxin and ClfA are key virulence factors in a mouse lethal bacteremia model. To confirm a role for AT and ClfA in an S. au- reus lethal bacteremia model, mice were i.v. infected with the wild- type (WT) ...
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Comparison of Distribution of Virulence Determinants in Clinical and Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholera
... is toxin-linked cryptic (TLC) element and 3' of the CTX φ contains a region which encodes repeat in toxin (RTX) gene cluster composed of the toxin (rtxA), activator (rtxC) and transporters (rtxBD) ...
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