Type 1 5′-deiodinase
Differences in hypothalamic type 2 deiodinase ubiquitination explain localized sensitivity to thyroxine
... stimulating hormone (TSH). However, normalization of serum TSH with L-T4 monotherapy results in relatively low serum 3,5,3′-triiodothyronine (T3) and high serum thyroxine/T3 (T4/T3) ratio. In the hypothalamus-pituitary ...
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The FoxO3/type 2 deiodinase pathway is required for normal mouse myogenesis and muscle regeneration
... The deiodinase family of enzymes controls the tissue-specific activation and inactivation of the prohormone thy- roxine ...that type 2 deiodinase (D2) is essential for normal mouse myogenesis and ...
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Type 2 deiodinase polymorphism causes ER stress and hypothyroidism in the brain
... forward, 5′-ATTGCTCGAGCCACCAT- GACCCTGACTGAAAGGC-3′; reverse, 5′-CGGGATCCCGGTC- CAGCTTCTCCAGCACAG-3′; fragment was inserted between XhoI-BamHI sites of pECPF-N1 ...forward, 5′-ATTGCTCGAGC- ...
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Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is highly expressed in human thyroid
... Fig. 1 B and 16 h for Fig. 1 C ) to allow direct comparisons of D2 mRNA content between thyroid and placenta on the same ...(Fig. 1 and data not shown). Ex- pression in MNG-1 was similar to ...
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Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is the major source of plasma T3 in euthyroid humans
... for D2. This can be explained in part by differences in the kinetics of the enzyme: D1-catalyzed deiodination is a ping-pong reaction with the thiol cofactor acting as the second substrate, while the kinetics of D2 are ...
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Type 3 deiodinase is critical for the maturation and function of the thyroid axis
... General phenotype of the D3KO mouse. The proportion of D3KO pups obtained from heterozygous matings was lower than the 25% expected from Mendelian laws. Out of 349 newborns produced from heterozygous parents, only 61 ...
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Type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase in rat pituitary tumor cells is inactivated in proteasomes
... used 1-h time periods to examine the effects of several agents which could affect the loss of D2 during these ...4.2/5.2 5 79% of control, or 3.1/4.6 5 67% of control, P , ...over 1 h, and ...
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Rapid alteration in circulating free thyroxine modulates pituitary type II 5' deiodinase and basal thyrotropin secretion in the rat
... released.mg protein-1.h-1, vs. control, 137.4 +/- 15.9, mean +/- SE), as did rats treated with sodium salicylate, another compound that inhibits T4-TTR binding (100.8 +/- 7.1). TSH levels significantly ...
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Type II 5’Deiodinase Thr92Ala Polymorphism Is Associated with CVD Risk among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
... The association of diabetes and thyroid dysfunction has long been known [1]. The pervasiveness of thyroid dys- function among the diabetics was mainly associated with autoimmune disease, female gender, obesity and ...
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Type 3 lodothyronine deiodinase: cloning, in vitro expression, and functional analysis of the placental selenoenzyme
... Type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase (D3) catalyzes the conversion of T4 and T3 to inactive metabolites. It is highly expressed in placenta and thus can regulate circulating fetal thyroid hormone concentrations ...
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The type 2 iodothyronine deiodinase is essential for adaptive thermogenesis in brown adipose tissue
... Most homeotherms maintain body temperature by increasing heat production in response to cold. This process, adaptive thermogenesis, is achieved by shivering or by uncoupling oxidative phosphorylation in brown adipose ...
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Pregnant rat uterus expresses high levels of the type 3 iodothyronine deiodinase
... in a similar region of an adjacent section probed with the D3 sense probe (Figure 6d). As demonstrated in Figure 1, D3 continues to be highly expressed in the uterus during the later stages of gestation. To ...
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Thyroid hormone deiiodinases
... Using these assays, 5'-deiodinase enzyme activities have been localized to the plasma membranes, to the endoplasmic reticulum and to the lysosomes prepared from liver and kidney homogena[r] ...
261
Iodothyronine 5' deiodinase in rat kidney microsomes Kinetic behavior at low substrate concentrations
... to 5 mM glutathione (GSH), and a thermal activation profile that is concave downward with a Td of approximately 20 degrees ...to 5 mM GSH, and shows a concave upward thermal activation ...
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Embryonic exposure to excess thyroid hormone causes thyrotrope cell death
... (Figure 1), as in rodents (25), but distinct from humans, in whom dio2 is expressed in a particular subset of folliculostellate cells that are proposed to modulate anterior pituitary hormone secretion ...
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Semiquantitative RT-PCR measurement of gene expression in rat tissues including a correction for varying cell size and number
... In Table 5 we can see the application of the semiquantita- tive methodology proposed. Many of the genes tested gave very similar numbers of cycles in their RT-PCR esti- mation for both controls and food-restricted ...
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Metabolic effect of 3,3',5' triiodothyronine in cultured growth hormone producing rat pituitary tumor cells Evidence for a unique mechanism of thyroid hormone action
... Physiologic levels of 3,3',5'-triiodothyronine (rT3) are generally believed to have minimal metabolic effects in the pituitary gland and other tissues. In the present studies, the regulatory role of rT3 and other ...
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Maturational Patterns of Iodothyronine Phenolic and Tyrosyl Ring Deiodinase Activities in Rat Cerebrum, Cerebellum, and Hypothalamus
... from 1-d-old rats, tyrosyl ring deiodination rates were much greater than the rates in adult cerebellar homogenates, but less than those in 1-d cerebral ...In 1-d hypothalamic homogenates, tyrosyl ...
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Clinical, behavioural and pharmacogenomic factors influencing the response to levothyroxine therapy in patients with primary hypothyroidism—protocol for a systematic review
... Three percent of the UK population receive thyroid hor- mone replacement therapy [4]. Synthetic levothyroxine is commonly used, and the goal of therapy is to achieve clin- ical wellbeing and restore serum TSH levels to ...
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Somatostatin inhibits rat hepatic T4 5' deiodinase The effect is independent of the associated hypoinsulinemia
... +/- 5 pmol/min per 100 mg protein) and 72 h (90 +/- 7 pmol/min per 100 mg protein) was significantly reduced in the high-dose group (P less than ...T4-5'- deiodinase activity in the glucose-fed ...
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