viral escape
Narrowed TCR repertoire and viral escape as a consequence of heterologous immunity
... Homologous viral challenge of immune mice only slightly skewed the repertoire and enriched for predictable TCR ...heterologous viral chal- lenge resulted in a narrow oligoclonal repertoire with dominant ...
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Amino Acid 36 in the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 gp41 Ectodomain Controls Fusogenic Activity: Implications for the Molecular Mechanism of Viral Escape from a Fusion Inhibitor
... The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enve- lope glycoprotein (Env), which determines viral tropism, is initially synthesized as a single polypeptide precursor, gp160, forming trimers (46). Subsequently, ...
9
Restoration of cytomegalovirus antigen presentation by gamma interferon combats viral escape.
... Presentation of pp89 peptides was tested by pp89-specific BALB/c CTL triangles on MEF cells infected with MCMV for the indicated times before actD was added A to E to prevent further vir[r] ...
9
Induction of Gag-Specific CD4 T Cell Responses during Acute HIV Infection Is Associated with Improved Viral Control
... However, viral escape (26), superinfection (27), and viral recombination (28) have been shown to significantly alter the frequency of recognized HIV-spe- cific CD8 T cell responses from acute to ...
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Rapid Escape from Preserved Cross-Reactive Neutralizing Humoral Immunity without Loss of Viral Fitness in HIV-1-Infected Progressors and Long-Term Nonprogressors
... For each individual, autologous neutralizing activity in sera obtained at or close to the time points of virus isolation were measured against a maximum of five randomly selected clonal HIV-1 variants per time point, ...
10
Exploring host pathogen relationships through computer simulations of intracellular infection
... that viral escape mutants with low transcription rate explains the asymptomatic phase of disease; Castiglione et ...lymphoctye escape as a predictive marker of disease ...
162
Co-lethality studied as an asset against viral drug escape: the HIV protease case
... documented [1], and one of influenza's main treatments, tamiflu, was quickly escaped from by an influenza strain which then spread surprisingly fast across the planet [2]. It now becomes clearer that future antiviral ...
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Compensatory Mutations Restore the Replication Defects Caused by Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte Escape Mutations in Hepatitis C Virus Polymerase
... CTL escape mutations in HIV-1 infection to impair viral ...CTL escape mu- tations in the HIV-1 Gag protein (6, 30, 41) in particular have been found to impair viral replication to a greater ...
8
Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Sequence Variation Induces an HCV-Specific T-Cell Phenotype Analogous to Spontaneous Resolution
... the viral sequence, with some variants compatible with viral escape and others suggesting infection with a non-genotype 1 strain (10) ...85%). Viral escape (Y to F at position 9) in ...
9
Influence of host resistance on viral adaptation: hepatitis C virus as a case study
... of viral infection ...discuss viral adaptation to host immune pressure via protein–protein interactions and sequence- specific ...on viral escape mutations to host T-cell responses in the ...
12
Fitness Costs and Diversity of the Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte (CTL) Response Determine the Rate of CTL Escape during Acute and Chronic Phases of HIV Infection
... the escape rate in our model is given by ε ⫽ 冓 k ⫺ cr 冔 , the rate of virus replication can also influence the rate of viral escape from the T cell response ...up viral clearance (58). Second, ...
11
Poliovirus Escape from RNA Interference: Short Interfering RNA-Target Recognition and Implications for Therapeutic Approaches
... to escape RNAi inhibition, we recovered and sequenced polioviruses that escaped inhibition by two highly effective siRNAs directed against either capsid or the viral polymerase coding ...these viral ...
9
Emerging concepts in immunity to hepatitis C virus infection
... and viral clearance were confounded by poorly defined viral inoculum and heterogeneous patient ...single-source viral inocu- lum, spontaneous resolvers demonstrated an early induction of NAb ...
11
Clinical Reasoning: A 46-year-old man with persistent hiccups, cognitive dysfunction, and imbalance
... There are no expert consensus recommendations regarding routine CSF screening for HIV viral load. It is reasonable to reserve CSF HIV RNA and geno- type resistance testing only for cases where CSF viral ...
5
Temporal Association of HLA-B*81:01- and HLA-B*39:10-Mediated HIV-1 p24 Sequence Evolution with Disease Progression
... B*81:01 escape mu- tations (E177D, Q182S, and T186S) (34) and identified a common pattern of evolution with the Q182S mutation generally emerging prior to ...TW10 escape, which usually occurs rapidly and ...
12
Impact of immune escape mutations on HIV 1 fitness in the context of the cognate transmitted/founder genome
... each viral variant was time variable, say due to changes in environmental condi- tions, the ratio of the average growth rates of any pair of viruses was the same during each growth ...
14
Budding of Equine Infectious Anemia Virus Is Insensitive to Proteasome Inhibitors
... RSV expression plasmids. pCMV.Gag-GFP encodes a chimera of the RSV Gag protein (RG.GFP) in which the GFP sequence replaces the viral protease and six adjoining residues of the NC sequence (1). pCMV.Gag.Ub encodes ...
7
Structural and Functional Constraints Limit Options for Cytotoxic T-Lymphocyte Escape in the Immunodominant HLA-B27-Restricted Epitope in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Capsid
... CTL escape mutations in KK10 efficiently impair binding to ...to escape CTL- mediated immune pressure might contribute to their selection frequencies in ...frequent escape mutants (R 264 G, R 264 T, ...
12
Escape is a more common mechanism than avidity reduction for evasion of CD8+ T cell responses in primary human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection
... of viral replication, we were interested to address whether responses emerged to the variant peptides we defined as escape ...confer escape were selected in acute/early infection, we measured T cell ...
13
Next generation sequencing analyses of the emergence and maintenance of mutations in CTL epitopes in HIV controllers with differential viremia control
... low viral load observed for ECs was also a limitation to assessing escape mutations in the plasma compart- ment, which reflects the variants that are effectively rep- licating in the ...plasma viral ...
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