[PDF] Top 20 Human Norovirus Evolution in a Chronically Infected Host
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Human Norovirus Evolution in a Chronically Infected Host
... Typically, human noroviruses cause symptoms of acute gastroenteritis for 2 to 4 ...chronic norovirus infections, ...with human milk oligo- saccharides (HMOs), which structurally mimic HBGAs and may ... See full document
15
Diversity, Divergence, and Evolution of Cell-Free Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 in Vaginal Secretions and Blood of Chronically Infected Women: Associations with Immune Status
... HIV-1- infected men indicated a link between CD4 ⫹ cell level and proviral quasispecies diversity and divergence in blood ...in chronically infected women impact the HIV-1 RNA quasispecies shed in ... See full document
11
Blocking Hepatitis C Virus Infection with Recombinant Form of Envelope Protein 2 Ectodomain
... are chronically infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), making HCV infection the leading cause of liver transplantation in developed ...to human CD81, blocking of infection of cell culture-derived ... See full document
12
Evolution of the Hepatitis C Virus Second Envelope Protein Hypervariable Region in Chronically Infected Patients Receiving Alpha Interferon Therapy
... genetic evolution of HCV second envelope gene hypervariable region 1 (HVR1) quasispecies during and after IFN therapy in patients who failed to clear HCV ...the host environment likely resulting from the ... See full document
10
Characterization of a Novel Conformational GII.4 Norovirus Epitope: Implications for Norovirus-Host Interactions
... different norovirus genotypes. Norovirus genotype ...The evolution of this epitope along with sequential ...of host receptors that have evolved over time, as ... See full document
12
Contribution of Intra- and Interhost Dynamics to Norovirus Evolution
... persons chronically infected with NoV may be a source of new variants as mutations accumu- late over the course of infection ...of evolution at the intrahost level and how this contributes to the ... See full document
11
The role of the humoral immune response in the molecular evolution of the envelope C2, V3 and C3 regions in chronically HIV 2 infected patients
... IgG and IgA antibody response against the env C2V3C3 region was quantified with the ELISA-HIV2 test developed in our laboratory, as described elsewhere with some mod- ifications [53]. Briefly, microtiter plates (96-well) ... See full document
12
Environmental Heterogeneity Drives Within Host Diversification and Evolution of Pseudomonas aeruginosa
... a chronically infected individual during a 32-year ...from chronically infected Danish CF patients has been carried out since 1973, which has resulted in a strain collection that represents 40 ... See full document
10
A Mouse Model for Human Norovirus
... CD34-positive human stem cells showed no statisti- cally significant difference from nonhumanized ...to human cell reconstitution in this mouse model, and this suggested that HuNoV may replicate in cells of ... See full document
8
Viral Evolution during Structured Treatment Interruptions in Chronically Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Infected Individuals
... the evolution of HIV during STIs is driven by selection pressure or is simply due to chance effects arising as a consequence of outgrowth from a small ...cally infected patients because the exposed viral ... See full document
5
Activation of Human T-Cell Leukemia Virus Type 1tax Gene Expression in Chronically Infected T Cells
... of infected individuals progress to ATL, HAM/TSP, or an HTLV-1-associated autoimmune ...other host and viral factors also play a ...appearance, host factors such as the immune response as well as the ... See full document
7
The Importance of Intergenic Recombination in Norovirus GII.3 Evolution
... States, norovirus causes approximately 21 million cases of gastro- enteritis (1) and is the most common cause of gastroenteritis- related emergency department visits ...countries, norovirus is estimated to ... See full document
12
Challenge of Chronically Infected Mice with Homologous Trypanosoma cruzi Parasites Enhances the Immune Response but Does Not Modify Cardiopathy: Implications for the Design of a Therapeutic Vaccine
... for chronically infected patients. In an attempt to modify the host-parasite equilibrium to increase parasite destruction, we analyzed cardiopathy and the immune response in chronically ... See full document
7
Multiple V1/V2 env Variants Are Frequently Present during Primary Infection with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1
... Zhang et al. (66) detected a higher level of diversity in gag versus env during primary infection by examining sequences from DNA clones generated from these genes. By HTA, we detected a much higher level of ... See full document
11
Expression of inflammatory host genes in Chlamydia trachomatis infected human monocytes
... (4 h). One can speculate that this is due to an activation of Toll- like receptors (TLRs) such as TLR-4 or TLR-2 by chlamydial LPS or hsp [21]. The time point day 1 can be seen as a phase of transition indicating the ... See full document
8
Simultaneous Ribosome Profiling of Human Host Cells Infected with Toxoplasma gondii
... reprogram host gene expression to facilitate parasite survival and ...how host gene expression is altered upon infection is central for understanding parasite strategies for host invasion and for ... See full document
15
Spontaneous Mutations in the env Gene of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 NDK Isolate Are Associated with a CD4-Independent Entry Phenotype
... Cell fusion assays. SDF-1 (stroma cell-derived factor 1) was obtained by a procedure previously described (6). RANTES was purchased from R&D Sys- tems. Syncytium formation assays were performed with adherent or ... See full document
8
CXCR4 Is Down-Regulated in Cells Infected with the CD4-Independent X4 Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Isolate m7NDK
... The hypothesis that, during acute infection, cells with ab- normally low CXCR4 gene expression are positively selected for m7NDK isolate infection could be raised. In order to verify that the phenomenon of CXCR4 ... See full document
9
IL 2 immunotherapy in chronically SIV infected Rhesus Macaques
... processes. Indeed, IL-2 is required for priming T cells to undergo Activation-Induced Cell Death (AICD), a process that is Fas-mediated and serves as a feedback regulation of clonal expansion [12]. Mice deficient for ... See full document
15
Increased neutrophil apoptosis in chronically SIV infected macaques
... (day 14 p.i.), no PMN death was observed [30]. This level of viral replication corresponds to that observed during the chronic phase. Altogether, these data suggest that, while a certain threshold of viral particles is ... See full document
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