[PDF] Top 20 A Longitudinal Analysis of Environment and Risk of Obesity in the US

... worse. Environment has been shown to influence physical activity and people’s body ...continuous obesity data, this study conducted longitudinal ana- lyses to examine neighborhood built ... See full document

... food environment is supposed to affect the other key energy balance factor, dietary ...food environment and calculating the number of fast food restaurant per capita is a common method in many researches ... See full document

... Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) provided a wealth of previously collected background characteristics of the cohort, going back to pregnancy, which enabled the research team to look at a ... See full document

... Actually, obesity is a complex trait, and many genes are related to obesity [61], such as MC4R [50,62,63], MAF [50], and NPC1 ...and obesity [64-66] (3) It may be unreliable to use Begg ’ s and ... See full document

... actually at higher risk of being obese. Another study, also on census block groups, by Zick et al. (2009) have incorporated city walkability measures and showed that for individuals living in non-low income ... See full document

... of obesity and parent–child interaction that have directly assessed parent and child contributions to the quality of the rela- tionship, but two studies have examined whether the re- lationship between maternal ... See full document

... the risk of obesity cost more, and high-energy-density foods, which have been found to be associated with increased risk of obesity, cost less ...built environment and obesity ... See full document

... built environment factors, the layout of the road network and the provision of bicycle facilities are essential in encouraging bicycle use (Wardman, Tight, & Page, 2007; Winters et ...perceived risk and ... See full document

... childhood obesity may also reflect the types of neighborhoods that are charac- terized by these types of outlets ...neighborhood environment that contribute to obe- sity ... See full document

... of risk factors such as physical activity [6–8]; but, a gap persists regarding important modifiable and non-modifiable predictors of frailty change over ...fractures, obesity and other modifiable and non- ... See full document

... important obesity-rela- ted ...the US National Academy of Sciences’ Institute of Medicine on the US Air Force veterans of operation Ranch Hand, responsible for spraying defoliants during the Vietnam ... See full document

... Among intrapersonal factors, age—an important biological factor—has had inverse association with physical activity. 64, 65, 67, 68 Other studies showed that the decline in physical activity levels in boys was greater ... See full document

... built environment. The built environment consists of urban design and neighbourhood characteristics such as residential density, land use mix, access to various types of foods, availability of public ... See full document

... genetic risk var- iants and clinical outcomes by 2-step ...This analysis is exploratory, and we acknowledge that this is biased toward the null due to power issues when partitioning studies ...primary ... See full document

... genetic risk var- iants and clinical outcomes by 2-step ...This analysis is exploratory, and we acknowledge that this is biased toward the null due to power issues when partitioning studies ...primary ... See full document

... We will conduct a separate meta-analysis for each of the primary and secondary outcomes if there are at least five studies with comparable exposure and outcome variables. In these cases, random or fixed effects ... See full document

... to obesity formation in childhood, and only one study has examined traffic density effects on BMI growth ...and obesity at age seven ...a risk factor by examining the specific pathway of air ... See full document

... the risk of obesity in relation to television viewing categories (<2 hrs/d, ≥2 < 4 hrs/d, ≥4 < 6 hrs/d, ≥6 hrs/d) using mul- tiple logistic ... See full document

... We used data from the 2009 Behavioral Risk Factor Sur- veillance System (BRFSS). BRFSS is an ongoing, state- based, telephone interview survey conducted annually by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention ... See full document

... a stratified random sample of 80 US high schools was drawn from a list of eligible US high schools, with the probability of selection proportional to school size. One feeder school for each high school was ... See full document