2.7 Attack Performance Metrics
3.2.3 Differences Between DF and AWF
of a scaleless fish.
1. Operculum1. Operculum 10. Lateral line10. Lateral line
2. Cephalo- muchal shield 2. Cephalo- muchal shield 11. 11. Pelvic finPelvic fin
3 Dorsal spine 3 Dorsal spine 12. Pectoral spine 12. Pectoral spine
4. Dorsal filament4. Dorsal filament 13 pectoral fin13 pectoral fin
5. Dorsal fin5. Dorsal fin 14 Humeral process14 Humeral process
6. Adipose fin 6. Adipose fin 15 maxillary barbel15 maxillary barbel
7. Caudal pedunle7. Caudal pedunle 16 Outer mandibular 16 Outer mandibular barbel
barbel
8. Caudal fin 8. Caudal fin 17 Inner mandibular 17 Inner mandibular barbel
barbel
The external feature of a scaly The external feature of a scaly
fish.
fish.
1. Dorsal fin 1. Dorsal fin 6. Lateral line6. Lateral line
2. Adipose fi2. Adipose fi 7. Pelvic fin7. Pelvic fin
3. Dorsal spine3. Dorsal spine 8.Pectorial fin8.Pectorial fin
4. Caudal peduncle4. Caudal peduncle 9.Operculum9.Operculum
5. Anal fin5. Anal fin
FISH ANATOMY FISH ANATOMY
The Basic Structure of a Fish The Basic Structure of a Fish
Like most animals, the fish Like most animals, the fish
has a body which includes has a body which includes
the head, the trunk and the the head, the trunk and the
limbs. The body has limbs. The body has
generally an elongated generally an elongated
shape.
shape.
The head, the trunk and the tail The head, the trunk and the tail
follow each other without any follow each other without any
separation, which enables the fish separation, which enables the fish
to wriggle easily in the water.
to wriggle easily in the water.
Limbs are fins. The body is Limbs are fins. The body is
covered with the skin.
covered with the skin.
The Head The Head
In the front part of the In the front part of the
head is the mouth, of head is the mouth, of
which the shape and which the shape and
features differ according features differ according
to the feeding habits of to the feeding habits of
the fish.
the fish.
Some fish have large mouths Some fish have large mouths
with sharp teeth for seizing with sharp teeth for seizing
prey while others have small prey while others have small
mouths on the under surface mouths on the under surface
of the head, suitable for of the head, suitable for
scrapping up algae from the scrapping up algae from the
bottom.
bottom.
MOUTH
The shape of the teeth The shape of the teeth
depends also on the feeding depends also on the feeding
habits of the fish. Predatory habits of the fish. Predatory
fish, such as the fish, such as the
Hydrocynus are well Hydrocynus are well
supplied with sharp teeth.
supplied with sharp teeth.
TEETH
Vegetation eating fish may Vegetation eating fish may
have teeth, each one with have teeth, each one with
many more or less rounded many more or less rounded
points, arranged in bands points, arranged in bands
along the side of the jaws along the side of the jaws
(Tilapia rendalli).
(Tilapia rendalli).
The teeth of some omnivorous The teeth of some omnivorous
fish (Alestes) are quite similar to fish (Alestes) are quite similar to
the molars of man. In many the molars of man. In many
fishes, there is, in addition, a bony fishes, there is, in addition, a bony
plate bearing teeth in the back of plate bearing teeth in the back of
the throat which are called the throat which are called
pharyngeal teeth (Tilapia, Carp).
pharyngeal teeth (Tilapia, Carp).
Nostril Nostril
On the snout, above the On the snout, above the
mouth, are the nostrils. The mouth, are the nostrils. The
nostrils are not used for nostrils are not used for
breathing but only for breathing but only for
smelling.
smelling.
Barbel Barbel
Some fish have filaments along the Some fish have filaments along the side of their mouth which can be
side of their mouth which can be
longer, than the head itself (catfish) longer, than the head itself (catfish)
which are called barbels. Their which are called barbels. Their
number can vary within the range of number can vary within the range of
2 to 8. They are sensory organs 2 to 8. They are sensory organs
which help the fish to find its food.
which help the fish to find its food.
Opercula Opercula
At the hind end of the head At the hind end of the head
are two bony flaps called are two bony flaps called
opercula or gills covers, opercula or gills covers,
which can be lifted;
which can be lifted;
underneath are the gills.
underneath are the gills.
Gills Gills
Every gill is made of a bony Every gill is made of a bony
arch carrying long red arch carrying long red
filaments
filaments on one side called on one side called the gill filaments and short the gill filaments and short
teeth like, or longer comb like teeth like, or longer comb like
projections on the other side projections on the other side
called
called gill rakersgill rakers. .
The gill filaments are the The gill filaments are the
breathing organs of the fish, breathing organs of the fish,
the gill rakers are used as a the gill rakers are used as a
strainer to sieve out food strainer to sieve out food
particles from the water
particles from the water
The trunk The trunk
The trunk is the part of the body The trunk is the part of the body
in which are located a number of in which are located a number of
organs: the air bladder, the organs: the air bladder, the
stomach, the intestine, the liver, stomach, the intestine, the liver,
the kidneys, the ovaries, the the kidneys, the ovaries, the
testicles. It starts from the head testicles. It starts from the head
and includes the ventral cavity.
and includes the ventral cavity.
The tail – caudal fin The tail – caudal fin
It is located behind the anus It is located behind the anus
and ends with the caudal and ends with the caudal
fin. An anal fin and fin. An anal fin and
sometimes a part of the sometimes a part of the
dorsal fin can be found on dorsal fin can be found on
the tail.
the tail.
The fins The fins
When identifying a fish, the When identifying a fish, the
fins are the first things, which fins are the first things, which
should be examined. The should be examined. The
number of fins, their types, number of fins, their types,
sizes, situtation on the body sizes, situtation on the body
and position in relation to each and position in relation to each
other, are most important.
other, are most important.
The fins are similar to paddles The fins are similar to paddles
made out of rays which would made out of rays which would
be joined together by a web.
be joined together by a web.
The rays can be either spiny or The rays can be either spiny or
soft, ramified into a paint-brush soft, ramified into a paint-brush
and are then called soft rays.
and are then called soft rays.
Types of Caudal Fins Types of Caudal Fins
The caudal fin or tail of most The caudal fin or tail of most
fish is
fish is lobedlobed, which means that , which means that it is
it is forkedforked and has the upper and has the upper and lower lobes attenuated to and lower lobes attenuated to
points. But in some fish, it is points. But in some fish, it is
round
round, pointed, pointed or truncated or truncated. .
Adipose Fin Adipose Fin
Some species of fish have two Some species of fish have two
dorsal fins, the second of dorsal fins, the second of
which is often an adipose fin, which is often an adipose fin,
composed only of soft, fleshy composed only of soft, fleshy
tissue and usually without rays tissue and usually without rays
of any kind.
of any kind.
Body Body Forms Forms
Commonly, the fish body is torpedo-Commonly, the fish body is torpedo-shaped (
shaped (fusiformfusiform), and most often ), and most often slightly to strongly
slightly to strongly ovoid in cross ovoid in cross section
section. In free swimming species, the . In free swimming species, the body approximates the theoretically
body approximates the theoretically perfect
perfect streamline formstreamline form in which the in which the
greatest cross section is located close greatest cross section is located close
to 36 percent of the length back from to 36 percent of the length back from
the anterior tip the anterior tip
globe shapes (globiformglobe shapes (globiform – e.g. – e.g.
puffers, tetraodontidae) puffers, tetraodontidae)
serpentine (anguilliformserpentine (anguilliform – e.g. – e.g.
eels,
eels, anguillidaeanguillidae), ),
threadlike in outline (filliformthreadlike in outline (filliform e.g. e.g.
snipe eels, Nemichthyidae).
snipe eels, Nemichthyidae).
CompressedCompressed: flattened but : flattened but greatly elongated
greatly elongated
TrachipteriformTrachipteriform: flattened from : flattened from top to bottom
top to bottom
DepressedDepressed – the skates, – the skates, rajidae, and the batfishes rajidae, and the batfishes