FOR OFFICIAL USE ONLY Table 5-2 Basic collection procedures

5-7. Reconnaissance missions require the collection personnel to detect, identify, locate, and report all sources of publicly available information in the AOI. The AOI may be a specific geographic area, portion of the radio frequency spectrum, or family of foreign languages. The initial reconnaissance mission confirms the presence of planned targets and establishes a baseline of activity or information sources within the AOI. The baseline provides an initial level of understanding that supports the identification of

HVTs and future surveillance missions. Periodically, collection personnel search the AOI to verify the baseline and locate new sources of information.

5-8. After their initial reconnaissance, collection personnel begin surveillance of the targets in the collection task, as well as approved new targets identified during reconnaissance. Each collection task for surveillance missions includes the SIRs or collection objectives, a priority for collection, timeframe of expected activity, latest (or earliest) time or event the information is of value, and reporting instructions. Surveillance missions require collection personnel to detect, identify, and locate the target; monitor and record the target activity or content; and report the content and characteristics (metadata) of the target.

P

S

F

5-9. Open source collection personnel use the basic collection procedures described in Table 5-2 to collect information during public speaking forums (see Table 2-1). In addition, C2 personnel brief and debrief collection personnel on the event, the speakers, specific information required, and other observed activity. In permissive or corporative environments, personnel attend conferences, lectures, public meetings, and working groups with the consent or invitation of the event’s sponsor. Attending these and similar events are opportunities to build relationships with non-military professionals and their organizations.

5-10. In all environments, collection personnel require a thorough understanding of the local culture and laws to ensure their activities are unintrusive and do not violate local customs or laws. During tactical operations, open source collectors face situations similar to those of war correspondents and photojournalists. In those situations, the collector requires situational awareness as well as cultural awareness since overt monitoring and recording of public speaking forums may lead to––

z Modification of speaker’s message.

z Expulsion from the event or area.

z Denial of access to future events.

z Assault on the collector or the collection equipment.

z Hostile opinion or actions against US operations and personnel.

P

D

5-11. Open source collection personnel use the basic collection procedures described in Table 5-2 to collect documents (see Table 2-2). Like collecting information at public speaking forums, personnel must be aware of the local environment and use a collection technique that is unintrusive and appropriate for the situation. These techniques include but are not limited to––

z Copying or photographing documents available in public forums such as town halls, libraries, and museums.

z Finding discarded documents in a public area such as streets, markets, and restrooms.

z Photographing documents in public areas such as banners, graffiti, posters, and other large documents.

z Purchasing documents directly from street vendors, newspaper stands, book stores, and publishers.

z Purchasing documents through a third party such as a wholesale distributor or book club.

z Receiving documents upon request without charge from the author, conferences, trade fairs, direct mail advertising.

5-12. Once collected, the collection personnel tag each document and complete an inventory of a group of documents. Completing the document tag and inventory establishes accountability and traceability for the collected documents. The collection personnel should protect the document from damage by placing the documents in a weatherproof container (box or plastic bag). If a DD Form 2745 (Enemy Prisoner of War

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[EPW] Capture Tag) is not available, record the required data on any piece of paper or other field expedient method. As a minimum, the collection personnel should record the following information:

z Collecting unit identification.

z Date and time of collection in date-time group (DTG) format.

z Location of collection including 8-digit map coordinates and a detailed description of the location.

z Identity of the person or organization that provided the document.

z Summary of the circumstances of collection.

5-13. If not already completed, collection personnel inventory all collected documents to ensure accountability. If the document has a tag, the personnel use the information on the tag to complete the document inventory. They should indicate attempts to process and report information on the inventory. This prevents unnecessary duplication of effort by document processing personnel. The format for a document inventory is in accordance with unit SOPs and reporting guidance, but it should contain at least the following information:

z Collecting unit identification.

z Collection date, time, and location.

z List of documents, by serial number if using DD Form 2745, Part C.

z Destination unit identification.

z Screening category, if applicable.

z Remarks including serial number and DTG of reports based on the documents.

P

B

5-14. Regional bureaus of the DNI OSC collect, process, and report on international and regional broadcast networks in accordance with standing and ad hoc open source IRs. Their coverage of international and regional broadcasts enables deployed Army organizations to use, if necessary, their tactical assets to collect and process information from local radio and television broadcast targets that are only accessible from within the AO. Close coordination between the OSC, the JIOCs, the theater-level Army intelligence centers, and the deployed unit ensure the synchronization of collection and the dissemination of information from public broadcasts between echelons.

5-15. During collection operations, there are four primary reconnaissance techniques to search for public broadcasts (Table 5-3). For best results, collection personnel use these techniques in combination rather then independently. The selection of the techniques depends on the mission, the number of collection personnel, and their capabilities. Following the initial reconnaissance, collection personnel begin surveillance of public broadcast targets. During surveillance, collection personnel detect, identify, and locate the broadcast signal; monitor and record the broadcast content; and report the content and characteristics (metadata) of the broadcast. There are four primary surveillance techniques to monitor broadcasts. As during reconnaissance, collection personnel use the techniques in combination and the specific techniques depend on the mission, the number of collection assets, and their capabilities.

Table 5-3. Broadcast reconnaissance and surveillance techniques

I

S

5-16. Like international and regional broadcasts, the regional bureaus and local collection assets of the DNI OSC collect, process, and report on international and regional news posted or webcast on Internet sites. The JIOCs and the theater level Army intelligence centers also search and monitor the Internet for local, regional, and international news and other information on AOR and associated AOI. These sustained collection activities and the nature of the Internet enable deployed Army organizations to rely on support relationships with these external organizations for Internet collection. If the deployed organizations determine that an organic Internet site collection is necessary then they work closely with the supporting theater level Joint and Army intelligence centers to deconflict targets, synchronize coverage, and disseminate information between echelons as well as the OSC.

5-17. The initial mission of collection personnel is to conduct a reconnaissance of the Internet (Table 5-4). While broadcast collection is primarily surveillance, reconnaissance missions dominate Internet collection. The Internet is a dynamic information environment consisting of stationary and moving targets (sites) containing a mixture of old and new content. Reconnaissance is required to locate new sites and

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information. The reconnaissance or search uses the basic techniques and procedures described in Appendix F. For OPSEC, a commander of a major subordinate command may approve nonattributable Internet access to support authorized open source collection activities. The recommended system for nonattributable access is the Intelink-SBU. A commercial Internet service provider can provide nonattributable access; however, use of a local provider comes with its own OPSEC risks.