3-26. Once the G2/S2, G3/S3, and other responsible organizations have identified, validated, prioritized, and coordinated a collection requirement, the G3/S3 issues the orders to subordinate units to execute their assigned reconnaissance and surveillance missions. Normally this is done through an order or tasking message that contains information the tasked unit needs to execute the mission. It also contains the originator’s identification so that the unit with the reconnaissance and surveillance mission can report directly to the originating unit. Reconnaissance and surveillance orders normally are included in paragraph three of the OPORD, as well as in Annex B (Intelligence), and Annex L (Reconnaissance and Surveillance). Tasking usually conforms to the principles of control in that a unit normally tasks one echelon down and tracks units two echelons down. The tasked unit makes the final choice of specific platforms, equipment, and personnel based on operational considerations such as personnel skills and knowledge, system range and survivability; and target characteristics.
3-27. Upon receipt of an order, C2 personnel of the tasked organization use troop leading procedures (TLPs) to evaluate the mission and make recommendations to the supported command on the employment the unit. Once the supported commander approves the ISR plan, the unit completes planning and prepares to execute its assigned missions. During planning and preparation, the unit’s C2 personnel attempt to––
z Retain the flexibility to reallocate and reposition assets in response to changes in the mission, concept of operations, scheme of support, and threat.
z Streamline command, control, and communications (C3) between the unit and the supported command to increase responsive of tasking and timeliness of information reporting.
z Provide control teams or personnel that assist the unit in directing and assessing the operations of organic and attached assets.
z Establish logistics and security relationships to sustain and protect personnel and equipment operating beyond the range of unit’s organic sustainment and FP capabilities.
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E
STABLISH THEA
RCHITECTURE3-28. OSINT organizations can exchange publicly available information on unclassified networks between Army and Joint, Interagency, and Multinational organizations as well as with US federal, state, and local government agencies (see Figure 3-4). Classified networks enable connectivity to the DNI OSC, the JIOCs, the Joint Reserve Intelligence Centers, theater-level Army intelligence organizations, and other organizations that conduct OSINT operations or consume its products (Figures 3-5). The replication or mirroring of websites and databases from unclassified networks to classified networks ensures publicly available information and OSINT are available at the workstation of US, Allied, and Coalition personnel at multiple echelons and locations.
Figure 3-5. Networks supporting open source intelligence operations
3-29. The Joint Worldwide Intelligence Communications System (JWICS) supports the synchronization of OSINT operations, dissemination of OSINT and supporting metadata, and collaboration between deployed and supporting intelligence personnel (see Figures 3-4 and 3-5). The system provides the G2/S2 with a means to access OSINT services and products through the Intelink Central homepage. It allows authorized personnel to view, submit, and track intelligence requirements in the Department of Defense (DOD) requirements system.
3-30. The Secure Internet Protocol Router Network (SIPRNET) is the principal C2 data network at the tactical level (see Figures 3-4 and 3-5). This network provides the means to––
z Task or request open source collection and processing.
z Request OSINT.
z Report collected information and OSINT.
z Collaborate with collection and analysis personnel.
z Disseminate and retrieve documents to and from the HARMONY database.
3-31. The NIPRNET provides controlled access to the Internet. This network is the primary means to––
z Retrieve information from Army Knowledge Online (AKO) sites.
z Access the WBIL and other sites on the Intelink-SBU.
z Access the Intelink-SBU.
z Subscribe to approved nongovernmental and commercial information services or forums. 3-32. In addition to the standard networks, OSINT operations may require the use of special purpose communications networks like the TROJAN Data Network (TDN). TDN provides deployed units with access to sensitive compartmented information (SCI), collateral, and unclassified networks. The TDN also connects remotely operated receivers deployed in or near the AO to collection and processing resources located in the US or other sites outside the AO. This network and similar networks that support remote collection operations reduce the number of personnel and equipment deployed within the AO. These networks also enable Army organizations to leverage the collection and processing capabilities of Joint, Interagency, and Multinational organizations.
3-33. OSINT personnel use the results and by-products of their analysis to populate operational and technical databases. The technical database includes target folders containing a target description, target characteristics, rules of engagement, and reports. In the operational databases, they maintain the status of the collection and processing assets as well as a tracking system that correlates each target to associated tasks and RFIs. The following information describes types of internal databases that support OSINT operations––
z Operational Information. The operational information consists of orders, requests, and their
status as well as the status of collection and processing resources. The database also has operational graphics and reports on the current situation and future operations within the AO. The operational information helps personnel correlate orders and requests to their associated collection missions and reports.
z Technical Information. The technical information consists of unprocessed text, audio, and
video files; working and finished translations: and working and finished transcripts. The technical information includes the target folders containing target descriptions, target characteristics, and reports. Working aids, collection schedules, activity logs, and other information that supports collection operations are also part of the database.
3-34. OSINT operations require databases and Internet capabilities to facilitate processing, storage, retrieval, and exchange of information and intelligence. These databases are resident on local area networks (LANs) for internal operations and through Internet sites for information exchange with other intelligence activities and other users of OSINT. The following information describes three systems that support OSINT operations.
z HARMONY. HARMONY is the DOD’s and the Intelligence Community's media exploitation
database. HARMONY is the single, comprehensive bibliographic reference for all available primary source foreign technical and military documents and their translations. The HARMONY database is web-enabled and can be readily accessed, easily used, and responsive to the needs of analysts and other users within the US Government community. The HARMONY database application is supplemented by the Deployable HARMONY DOCEX System application, a field deployable front-end application that facilitates field collection and management of foreign documents.
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z Processing in a Collaborative Environment (PRINCE). The OSC’s PRINCE system
provides web interfaces that enable product creation, editing, and dissemination. Users can direct items for translation, editing, and dissemination from any point in the globe through their Internet access. PRINCE accommodates value-added products, such as open source analysis, in addition to translations. To ensure the broadest possible dissemination, open source products created in PRINCE or Opensource.gov are distributed to classified networks, including JWICS and SIPRNET, as well as customer platforms.
z World Basic Information Library. WBIL is a US Intelligence Community program that the
US Army Training and Doctrine Command’s (TRADOC’s) Foreign Military Studies Office (FMSO) manages on behalf of the Community Open Source Program Office. Army Reserve and the Reserve personnel of other Services collect unclassified information from Internet sites then archive the collected information into the WBIL. The archived information on functional threat issues and countries answers basic and background information needs of the US Intelligence Community and operational units. Authorized personnel use the Pathfinder analytic tool suite to access the WBIL on the Intelink-SBU, the SIPRNET, or the JWICS.