Characteristic category Characteristic of the action case
11. TOWARDS A DEEPER UNDERSTANDING OF THE PROBLEM DOMAIN
11.3. Towards a basic theoretical gender-knowledge base
Even though there are various examples of ways gender‐knowledge has been integrated by informaticians into informatics study programs, one interesting result of the research conducted was that in those cases when gender‐knowledge was integrated into a study program, there was still more or less a lack of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base in the study program (Addressing RQ 5). In only one case was such a theoretical gender‐knowledge base clearly integrated. But the integration of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base might in this case be due to one of the lecturers being exceptionally competent in gender‐knowledge, at least by informatics standards. However, to integrate gender‐knowledge into informatics study programs, it should not be necessary to gain a PhD in the subject first. Hence I will in this section develop a basic theoretical gender‐knowledge base from which informaticians can depart from in their gender‐knowledge integration efforts. The integration of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base is of great importance, because if there is no theoretical base, the informatics group managing the study program will not live up to an embedded (Verdonk, Mans and Lagro‐ Janssen, 2005), and thorough (Westberg, 2005) and skillful integration (Hammarström, 2003) of gender‐knowledge. It is also the case that if the students do not acquire a thorough theoretical gender‐knowledge base, they will be unprepared or at least less prepared to use gender‐knowledge in their subsequent professional work as systems developers, researchers, etc.
The lack of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base indicates that informatics as a subject has had difficulties in identifying what parts of gender‐knowledge to integrate. The integration of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base could be viewed as the same for all subjects. However, identifying the “whats” and “hows” of gender‐knowledge, in other words the adaption of the theoretical gender‐ knowledge base to the subject’s existing knowledge base, is however unique. It can be inspired by other adjacent fields but must in all essential ways be adapted to, in this case, an informatics context.
The more or less lack of a theoretical gender‐knowledge base in informatics study programs is to some extent surprising. How can one manage to make discussions related to gender‐knowledge an integrated part of a study program without a theoretical base? One possible explanation is that the lecturer has acquired a theoretical knowledge base, and from that has related it to areas addressed in informatics study programs. It could also be the result of difficulties in acquiring a theoretical gender‐knowledge base, but in order to meet the desire for gender‐knowledge integration, some more common sense discussion is initiated. However, the problem is that the students are not given a knowledge‐ base that could be applied in other areas. Instead only the application of the knowledge‐base is communicated, hence restricted to one area. This makes the knowledge‐base more or less black‐boxed and the base for the application could be anything from an essential view of gender to a view of gender as a social construction, and anything in between. Hence a theoretical gender‐knowledge base is required.
The foundation of the theoretical gender‐knowledge base suggested here is derived from the earlier discussion concerning gender‐knowledge in Chapter 4 and is only briefly revisited here. The suggestion is that the theoretical introduction should be divided into three parts. The first part is a general introduction to basic concepts and debates related to gender, hence the foundation of gender‐ knowledge, for example:
• Gender and the ascribing of social positions • Gender and its relation to equality
• The relationship between the biological body and the social process of gender
• Gender as an insulated category or entwined with other categories • Structural and interactional properties of gender
For this initial introduction to gender and gender‐knowledge, the suggested reading‐list is: • Lykke, Nina. (2009). Genusforskning: En guide till feministisk teori, metodologi och skrift [Eng: Gender research: A guide to feminist theory, methodology and writing]. • Gemzöe Lena. (2002). Feminism[Eng: Feminism]. • Thurén Britt‐Marie. (2003). Genusforskning – Frågor, villkor och utmaningar. [Eng. Gender research – Questions, conditions and challenges].
This literature gives an introduction to gender‐knowledge that is comprehensible and at the same time not too difficult to access for an informatician with no or only limited gender‐knowledge to begin with.
The second part is to gain a more in‐depth but still rather basic, theoretical understanding of gender‐knowledge by applying Connell’s ideas of gender as being a set of human relations: • Power • Production • Emotions • Symbols For this part, Connell’s book from 2002 is the natural choice because the ideas are discussed there.
The third part is the scrutiny of gender‐knowledge in relation to technology in general. Here issues like ‘what is the gender of technology?’ and ‘what are the consequences of this gendering process?’ could be addressed, focusing on for example: • Technology as a masculine field • Masculine and feminine technology Literature related to this includes: • Wajcman, Judy. (1991). Feminism confronts technology. • Mellström, Ulf. (2004). Machines and Masculine Subjectivity – Technology as an Integral Part of Men’s Life Experience.
• Oudshoorn, Nelly., Rudinow, Saetnan, Ann. & Lie, Merete. (2002). On
gender and things: Reflections on an exhibition on gendered artifacts.
• Berg, Anne‐Jorunn. & Lie, Merete. (1995). Feminism and Constructivism: Do
Artifacts Have Gender?
With that, a theoretical base providing at least some ideas of what gender‐ knowledge is all about and ways of relating gender to technology has been proposed. This base is far from covering every aspect of gender‐knowledge, but that is not the point either. The informaticians of tomorrow should not know everything about gender‐knowledge. They should however have basic gender‐ knowledge in order to understand their work context and work practices in a more differentiated way. This is the next thing to turn to. To suggest some different ways of integrating gender‐knowledge into informatics study programs by addressing some frequently occurring areas in informatics study programs.