TALSMANDENS GRUPPE - SPFIEGHEFGRUI?E - SPOKESIMAN'S GROUP - GFIOTJPE DtJ POHTE.MROLE OMAAA EKNPO:OflO/ TYNOT - GFIIJPPO DEL PORTAVTfCE - zuREAU VAN DE WOORCVOERDER
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BrusseLs, JuLy 1981
COMMISSION FOREIdORD TO THE DRAFT FIFTH MEDIUM-TERM ECONOMIC POLICY
PRoGRAMME (19s1-85)
(1)
Ctm(SD
j't,{
&-Hitri'*ikil$
PRESENTATION BY MR
Press conference on
F.-X,
oRToLI, CoMMISSl0N VICE-PRESIDENT22
JuLy 1981The (a)
The Commission has adopted
the
draft fifth
medium-term economicpoticy
programme(981-85).
(See annex).Unden
the
Councit Decisionof
18 February 1974 onthe
attainmentof
a
h'ighdegree
of
convergenceof
the
economicpoticies
of
the
MemberStates,
the Commissionis
requ'iredto
draw up an economic po['icy programme everyfive
years.
When ParLiament andthe
Economic andSocial
Committee have beenconsuLted,
the
draft
programme wi t L besent
to
the
Counc'iL, wh'ichis
expec-ted
to
take
its
decision by the
endof
1981.The Commission has
set out
jts
own views onthe
draft
programmein
a forewond addressedto
the
Counci L.purpose
of this
forewordis two-fotd
:It
caLLs onthe
Member Statesto
take
the
actjon
that is
necessary in an economicsituation
whose dangers mustnot
beunderestimated:
theprojections indicate
an outLookfor
empLoymentthat is
so d'isturbingas
to just'ify
a najor
effort to
reversethe
trend.
The Commission thinksit
wiLL be possibLeto
doso:
whatis
neededis
anactive
consensus,and
this witI
be obtained onLyif
the
aimis
speLtout
with
cLarity
and
the
chancesof
successunderstood.
The aimis
not
to
shapedest'iny:
it is to
bring
abouta lasting return
to
a
satisfactory tevel
ofemp Loyment .
To achieve
this
objective
h/e must become Iess dependent on imponted enengy and we must be highLy competit'ive,for
inadequate competitiveness reducesthe
Communityrs market shares, impa'irs growth and adverseLyaffects
empLoyment, whiLe excessive dependence on 'imported energyaccentuates
the deftationary
bias
buiLt into
any majornet
transfer
ab road .
KOMMISSIONEN FOR DE EUROPIEISKE FIELLESSKABER - KOMMISSION DER EUROPAISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN
COMMISSION OF THE EUROPEAN COMMUNTTIES - COMMISSION DES COMMUNAUTES EUROPEENNES - ENIPONH TC]N EYPOTLqIKON KOINOTHTQN COMMISSIONE DELLE COMUNTTA EUROPEE - COMMISSIE VAN DE EUROPESE GEMEENSCHAPPEN
-2
(b)
It
explains
howthe
Community r:ouLd pLaya
role
in
the
strategyneeded, eLaborating on
the
ideasset
out
in
the
Commissionrs reportunder
the
Mandateof
30 May1980.
The Community shou[d be invoLvedat
two
LeveLs:formuLation
of
a
generaL economic pol-icy framework;impIementatjon
of
a
numberof
priori'Ey
measures.Community fnamework
for
policies
aimed botha
tackIing infLation
and promotingg rowt h
The respective roLes
of
suppLy-sidepoIicy
and demand-side poLicyare
notcovered by
the
fifth
programme. The Commission doesnot
wantto
seethis
probtem b[own up
into
a confLict
of
economicdoctrines; for
the
present,certain
aspects may be regarded as commonground
:(i)
in
a
numberof
MemberStates,
the
budgetarysituation
is
such thatthere
is
no Longer any roomfon
manoeuvre. This must berestored
byputting 'into
effect
stringent
proposatsfor
reducing deficits.
Atthe
sametime,
a
Larger shareof
pubL'ic budgetary expenditure shouLdbe aLLocated
to
the
promotionof
investnnent,train'ing
andthe
cutting
of
pnoduction costs- in
other
words,to
a
Lasting expansionin
emptoyment. The
opportunities
for
a
sel.ective revivaLof
demand wiLIthus be
very
different,
dependingnot
onty
on changing econom'icconditions
but
atso
on how successfulLythe
budget andthe
key economicaggregates
are
brought under controLin
each country;(ii)
any meansthat
our
economies dcloffer for
stimuLating demand-
and thelare
boundto
be
Limited-
must be deployedin
areas wheretheir
effect
on
the
baLanceof
paymentsis
negLigibler andin
sucha
waythat
they donot
have any generaLized fol.Low-througheffects
(indexation
ofincomes);
(iii)
introduction
of
concertedaction
ona
permanentbasis
shouLd hetpdemand as
high
aspossibLe.
More activer coordinationof
nationateconomic
poLicies, the
promotionof
invelstment andpracticaI
measuresof
financiaL
soLidarity
to
resoLve baLanceof
paymentsdifficuLties
-
aLL these wouLd providea
reaL stimuLttsto
growth;(iv)
another componentof
demand which caLLsfor initiatives al
CommunityteveL
is
worLd demand, wh'ich grew byonly
1.5/.in
1981 asagainst
anannuat
rate
of
87.during
the
1960s and 6% durlngthe 1974s.
MoreresoLute
action
is
therefore
needed, notabLyin
the
areaof
recycLing. The Councit
mustattach
speciaL impontanceto
the
contribr.rtion theCommunity can make
in this
respect/
espec'ialtyin its
reLietions withthe
deveIop'ing countries.Communityts
roIe
in
impLementingspecific
poLicies :
Action
in
the
monetaryfie
Ld(a)
The Commission urgesthe
needto
consoIidate anddeve[op.ioint
actionin
monetaryaffairs
(EMS), as anessentiaI
factor
for
the
successof
economic
poticies.
Decisjons should be taken beforethe
endof
theyear
:- to institute
moreeffective
coordinationof
nationaL mrlnetarypoLicies
(setting
of
intermediateobjectives,
interest
rate
poL'icy,poLicy on extennaL indebtedness, use and
structure
of
rnonetary(b)
-3
to
encourage useof
the
ECUfor
Community borrowings,but
atso
onfinanciaL
markets generaL LY;to
step
up cooperationwith
non-Communitycurrencies, as
regardsboth
interest
rates
and exchangerates;
the
Commission proposesconcerted
action with
our
major partnerswith
a
viewto
containingftuctuations
onthe foreign
exchange marketswithin
pLausibLebands,
i.e.
within
Limits
fLexible
enoughto
take due account oftrade,
economic and monetaryfactors
assessedjointLy;
to
resume taLkswith the
United Kingdom and Greece onthe
questionof their
futL
participation
in
the
EMS-The commission proposes
that
steps be takento
enabLethe
councit
toreach
a
decision
in
1982 onthe
second phaseof
the
EMS.Apart from
the
practicaL
advantagesof
moving!o
the
second stage,the
Commission beLievesthat
Europets concernfor
a
Less unstabLeorganization
of
internationaL
monetaryaftairs
must beattested
bythe
exampLeit
sets.This
meansthat
the
concLusions must be drawnduring
the
monthsahead from
the technical
workcarried out
onthe
folLowing fourquest
ions
:-
howto
organizea
European monetary fundconsoLidating
thevarious
Community Lending systems;-
howto
deveLopthe
useof
the
ECUin
relations with other
centralbanks;
-
whether and under whatconditions
ECUs shouLd be createdin
the absenceof
corresponding goLd andforeign
currency deposits;-
the nature, structure
and powensof
the
institutions
responsibLefor
managingthe
European monetary fund'The Communitvrs roLe
in
i L ementi
ecific
Licies increased investmentThe need
for
increased investment can be seen fromthe
figures'
Since 1973'aggregate .investment has decLined
sLightty
:
GFcF* represented 21'05% ofCommunity GDp on avenage
from
1974to
198b comparedwith
?2.47' between 1967 and1g73.
Europerscoitribution
shouLd stemnot
onLy fromparticipation
ina
series
of
generaL measuresto
promotestabiL'ity
and growth,but
aLsofrom
the fo[Lowing
:(i)
expansionof
the
commun'ityrsfinancial
instruments(EIB,
ECSC, Euratom,NCI).
As regardsthe
NCI,the
fifth
medium-term programmemust be characterized from
the outset
bythe
determinedpursuit
ofone
of
the
fewinitiatives that
the
community can boastin
recentyea r s;
(ii)
scrutiny
of
the
financiaL
or tax
measuresin
favourof
investmentand
of
the
savings requiredto
finance
it, in
order
to
assess theeffectiveness
of
the
means used,identify
the
mostefficient
'techniquesand
set in train
a
dynamic processof
harmonizationin this
sector;(iii)
energy investments continueto
be studied aspart
of
the
process
L-of
workingout
an energystrategy
that
combines mutuaIty consistentnationaI
policies with the
mobitization
of
the
Communityts.tlnanciaLresources and
tegisLative
powers.
It is
extnemeLy importantto
draw up genuine programmes based on
a
reatistic
assessmentof
administrative
andfinanciaL
possibitities;
the
definition
of
aclear policy
stance onthe contribution
of
nucIear energy comes underthis
heading.The. Communityrs roLe
in
impLementingsp,ecific
poLicies
:
compIeting the ma r ketThe Community does
not
makesufficient
the
competitive stimuLusoffered
by aof
our
aspinations asa
continent.ruse
of
the
economiesof
scarLe andtarge
internaI
market-
the
backboneThe Commission advocates
the
removaLof
technicaLbarriers
which inf Luences product'ion; and harmonisation
of
IegisLation(i)
(ii)
a
community poLicy on technotogyand'innovation, since
without
it
the
community may welL one dayfind
itsetf
managinga
decLin'inge c onomy;
(iii)
the
estabtishmentof
a
European terx modeL which woutd incIude(a)
a
common approach, which woutd be both graduaL andfIexibLe,
to
the
baLance betweendirect
andindirect
taxation
and parafiscaLcharges,
(b)
a
common vaLue addedtax
frarnework comprisingseveral
ranges ofrates within
whichaLt
productssubject
to
VAT wou[d graduaLLybe grouped according
to
the
same system.The community wouLd
thus
begiving
proof
of its vitaL.ity,
andthe
rstepwoutd
be !ess
revoLutionary than wasthe
estabtishmentof
a singte
marketin
1958,at
a
time
of
high
customsduties
and,
in
some Member states,generaI
ized
quotas.The. communitvts roLe
in
impLementinqspecific
pot,icies :
an active empLoyment poI icyThe
finaL
elements must now be addedto
the
overaLLstrategy
outlined
here, wh'ich,if
unemptoymentis to
be reduced,wilt
require
bothgreat
effort
onthe
investmentfront
and an assautt on productionrcosts,
andthus
noderationin
wage trends.The Commission has many times
referred
to
the
needfor
a
harmonize,C approachto
sociat protection
andthe
estabLishmentof
commonfeatures
in
the
fieLd
of
workersrrights,
occupationaL heaLth andsafety
andthe
improvementof
working
conditions,
which couLd bewritten
into
coLLect'ive agreements.Priority
areasinclude
:(i)
more consul.tation betweenthe
Communityinstitutions
andboth
sidesof
industry;(ii) fulter,
more concentrated and moreftexibte
useof
the
Communityrs meansof
action,
notabLythe
SociaL Fund, as proposedin
the
Commission5-(iii)
jobs
for
youngpeopte:
in
viewof this
priorrty,
the
Commissionproposes
a
commonobjective
-
sett'ing
up,
during
the
period
of
thefifth
programme,the
machinery and arrangementsto
ensurethat,
on
Leavingschool,
aLt
young peopLeobtain
either
a paid
job
or
accessto
a
vocationaLtraining
coursethat
improvestheir
chancesof
emp Loyment .
The Councit shoutd
expLicitLy
adoptthis
objective
andtake
theappropriate measures;
(iv)
drawingpracticat
concLusions fromcurrent
discussions oncertain
aspects
of
the
adaptationof
working time.l/here
the
reductionof
workingtime
is
concerned,the situations
andviews
differ
betweenthe
Member States.It is,
however, necessaryto
continueat
Community IeveLthe
studies onthe
effectiveness
of
this
measure and onthe
conditions
(in
particuLarthe
needto
improve productioncosts)
which must befuIfiLLed
wherethis
measureis taken.
SimiLarLy,the
work oncertain
methodsof
adaptation
(part-time
work,overtime, fLexibte
working hours, earIyretirement
and soon)
must be compLetedwithout
deLay, and shouLd,k
ANNEXMain
tines
of
the
draft
5th
medium term economl c Li c ramme1.
BackgroundThis
is
the
Latest
in
a series
of
medium term programmes whichstarted
in
1966, which haveto
be drawn upat
Least everyfive
yeiars(Counci L Deci
sion
1 974>-The procedure
for
drawing upthe
programmesis
compLex,the
pre-Liminary
draft of
the
Economic PoL'icy Comm'ittee(wjth the
Commission asmember and
secretariat)
is
passedto
the
Commission' Thelatter, in
trans-forming
it
into
the
draft,
can introduce duLy expLained changes and can adda poLiticaL
commentaryof
a
generaLnature.
The ParLiament andthe
Economicand SociaL Commjttee
give
their
opinions.- Finalty the
CounciL decides thedefinitive
text.
In
the
Present caseprogrammerw'ithout changera PreL
Committee.
the
Commission has adopted asthe draft
imjnary
draft
drawn up bythe
Economic PoLicy2.
Main Linesof
the
strategy
of
the 5th
ProgrammeThe programme
is
buiLt
around two mainobjectives,
the'controLof
infLation
andstructuraL change.
Bothare pnerequisites
for
t;he creatjonof
new stabLe empLoyment which must bea
priority
objective
g'iventhe
back-ground
of
high
andris'ing
unemploymen'l Q%in
1970, 7.57,]n
1981).Apart f rom unempLoyment,
the
anaLys'irs madeof
present probLemsunderLines sLow growth Q.5%
sjnce
197',3 conparercto
5%before),
and h'ighinfLat.ion
(6%jn
the
1960s,10%since
1973>.
It
aLsostress the
faLLingoff
in
investment andthe
decLinein
the
externaLcompetitivity
of
the
Commun'ity-These probLems
are
seen as aninterreLated whoLe.
In
order
to7
2.
are not
accompaniedby
wage moderation(in
sheLtered aslle[t
as competitivesectors)
and controL over pubLicsector
deficits
(notabLy throughrestraining
sociaL
security
budgets which have been an important sourceof
increase) theywiLL be
ineffective. If
they
are
so accompaniedthere
wiLLnot
only
be.LessinfLation but
aLso roomfor
reaLgrowth.
In
addition,
there
must be consciousefforts
to
improvethe
capacity
of
our
economiesfor
structuraL
changel Labour market measures (especiaLty professionaLtraining
'in
newsk'itLs),
freedom
for
reLative
price
movements,the
phasingout
of
pubLic interventionswhjch hoLd back adjustment,
greater
priority
within
pubLic spending-capitaL
or
current
- for
actions
which heLp adjustment.An'important pLace must be given
to
energy investment, whichcontributes
to
reduc'ing the energyconstraint
whi[e
aLso havinga
major impacton overaLL economic
activ'ity.
The implementation
of
thesetwo
Linesof
poljcy
is for
the
strategythe
wayin
whjcha
Lastingsolution
can be foundto
the
crjticaL
probLem of rising:uflefipLoyment made worse by demographictrends.
However,the
programmestresses
the
needfor
specific
Labour market measures, andthe
needfor
openness
to
take
into
account temporary measuresto
aLLeviate unemptoyment overthe
initiaL
years.
Measuresof
work sharing shouLdnot
be such as toworsen
competitivity,
and shouLd be negotiatedat
a
decentraLised LeveL.Community
poLicies
must aLso supportthis
strategy.
A strengtheningof
the
internaL
market shouLd be foILowed systematicatLy; econom'ic poLjciesshoutd be coordinated more
efficientLy
at
Community LeveL; Community poLic'iesshouLd reduce d'ivergence and
reinforce
communjty cohesion.There mu* be
fLexibiLity
in
appLyingthe
strategy
to
the
different
circumstancesof
each MemberState,
and overtime;
to
this
end progress 'inimpLementing
the strategy
should be reviewedreguLarLy.
Forit
to
besuccess-fuL,
the
strategy
must be based on widespread understanding,in
which thesociaL
partners
havea
key roLeto
pLay.Quantified
eIementThe programme does
not
containquantified
macro-economjc objectives. Howeverit
doescontain
itLustrative
quantitative materiaL.
This
is'based ona
Community econometric modeL whichis
necessari[y
rather
simpLified,
andin
particutar
has no monetaryor
sectoraLdimension.
For these reasons,3.
results,
aLthoughthe
baseprojection
hasin
generaLnot
been contested.tts
ttbasctthc
Comnunltyrc
(rvcrlgc mnu.t,grorth
r.tar'ln I
erccpt
yhcrc
otherulqe
Indlcrtrdl
e
' : '
79?3t&
1980/71,.
,1985/80
t9E5/81t.i
GDP
GDP
pricc
lnvcstncnt
Enp toynent
Purchrsing
gourr
of
per
crpftr
rrge
(Corrcctcd)
vage sharein
GDPEnd
of
pcriod
batrnceof
goods gndservlscs
(GDP percentrgcpolnts)
I t
I
2.2
10.{
or7
I o.o
2.9
d.o- l.t
t.g
0-t
t.t
:
0.20.E
-
1.1,..
I
2.5 7.7 2.1
0.0
t.0
-
1.4-
0.?The resuLts
of
this
projection
underIinethe
scateof
the
chaLtenge posedto
econom'icpolicy'in
the
medium term bythe
severe probtems ofadjustmenlr-
given
the
objective
of
restoring a sat'isfactory
LeveI ofTALSMANDENS GRUPPE - SPRECHEFGRUPPE - SPOKESMAN'S GROTJP - GROTJPE DU POHTE.PAROLE OMAAA EKNPO:OTPY TYNO{ - GRUPPO DEL PORTAVOCE - zuREAU VAN DE WOORD\OERDER
BruxeLIes,
juiLLet
1981AVANT-PROPOS DE LA COIqMISSION AU PROJET DE
Ve PROGRAMME DE POLITIQUE ECONOMIOUE A MOYEN TERME 1981-1985
$
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ilIill|
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PRESENTATION PAR LE Conf6rence de
VICE-PRESIDENT
F.X.
ORTOLIpresse du 22.7 .81
La Commission
vient
dradopter[e
projet
de 5e Programme de poLitique6conomique
i
moyen terme 1981-
1985.(voir
annexe)En
vertu
de[a
d6cision
du ConseiI du 18.02.1974reLative
A Lar6a[isa-tion
drun deg16 6[ev6 de convergence despoIitiques
6conomiques des Etatsmembres,
[a
Communaut6doit
6tablin tous
tes
5
ans untet
programme. Leprojet
de programme, aprdsevis
du ParLementet
du CESdoit faire
Lrobjetdfune
ddcision
duConseit.
Cet[e-ci
est
pr6vue poun[a
fin
de 1981..aa_Cq_qqrlss_rpn_i-_t_enu A
faine part
deses'r6fl'exions
A propos de cep r9j e_!r-_da nsjn_:' av-a n!*-p1-oqg
sl'
cqle ! te
soqnqt
au
Co ns e i [ .Le
but
decet
avant-proposest
doubLe :a)
It
constiiue
tout
drabord un appeL auxEtats
membres pourprendre Les
dispositions
qui
srimposent fa,ce A unesituation
6conomique
dont
Ies
dangers ne peuvent€tre
sous-.estim6s;Ies
projections 6tabIies
mettent en tumiAre des perspectivesen mati€re dtemptoi assez inqui6tantes pour
justifier
unpuissant
effort
drinversion de
[a
tendance. La Commissionestime qurune
teL[e
inversion
est
possible
:
eLLerequiert
un consensus
actif,
qui
ne pourra6tre r6a[is6
quesi
Lrob-jectif
pounsuiviest
cLairement exprim6et
ses chances desuccds comprises. Cet
objectif
ntest
pas deg6rer
LafataIit6.
It
est
dtassurer
te
retour
dunabLe A un niveau drempLoisatis-faisant.
Poun
atteindre cet
objectif,
unemoindre
d6pendance 6nerg6tiqueet
une exceLtentecomp6titivit6
sont desconditions
absolues. Unecomp6titivit6
insuffisante r6duit
eneffet
les parts
du march6 deta
Communaut6, pdsesur
[a
croissanceet
affecte
Lremploi;(1)
coM(81)
344KOMMISSIONEN FOR DE EUROPIEISKE FIELLESSKABER - KOMMISSION DER EUROPAISCHEN GEMEINSCHAFTEN
2
-une d6pendance dnengr6tique
excessive
accentuele
lrbierisd6ftation-nisterl li6
Atout
tnansfentnet
impontantvens
lrext6nieurn.b)
il
ddfinit
en secondlieu
la panticipation de
ta communautd A lastrat6gie
qui
doit
Atne mise enoeuvne,
explicitant ainsi les
iddes expnim6esdans le rapport
pr'€sent6par
la
Commission en exdcutlondu mandat du 3o
,n.'l?tfl," panticipation de
ta Communaut6doit
slexencen de deux manibnes :
-
danslt6labonation
ducadre
g6n€nal desporitlquco
6c,rnomiques ;-
dans lamise
enoet
/ne de centainesactions prio,;r.aines.
Un cadne communautaire poun des
pollitiques qtri associent
lutte
contre
I
tinflation
et
mei lleune cnoissance.Le rSle respectif
despolitiques
de
ltoffne
et de la
demandentest
pas16916
par
le pnojet de Ve prognamme.La
Comnnission ne pense pas gue ce pnoblbme doive €tne 6ni96 enconflit
dedoctnine;
dbs maintenantet
sans pol€miqueluncertain
nombne d16l6ments pounnaient pouvoinfainr:
lraccond :-
dans centainsEtats,
la
situation
budgr€taineest telle
que,toutemange de manoeuvne a dispanu.,
ll
convientde les
necn6€,p €n mettant en oeuvne despnopositions
nigouneuses de n6duction desddficits.
ll
convient,
dansle
m€metemps,
defaine
une placeplus
gnande,A
ltint6nieun
des budgetspublics,
aux d6penses encoura$eantlrinves-tissement, la fonmation, la
morl€natiop rles coOts de pnodr.rction,ctest-i-dine
le
d6veloppernent dunable de ltemrploi;Les possibilit6s
de nelances6lective
de la
demande vanieno,nt donc fontement nonseulement avec
la
conjonctune,
mais aus;si, de pays A pa1,s, enfonction
du degn6 demaltrise
des budgetset
de contn6le rde gnands6qui
libres.
-
Dansla
mesureo!
des moyens de nelance dela
demandeexisfent, its
sont
limit6s,
et devront
Stneutilis6s
dansles
domainesor) Lteffet
sun la
balance des paiements e$tfaible
et
detelle
maniSrequlils
n taient pas ;d
teffet
d tentnaflnement gdn6na l i s6 ( indexati on 4es nevenus).-
La
penennisationde
llaction
concentSedoit
contnibuer
au maintiende
la
demande aumeilleur
niveaupossible. une
coondination plusactive
despolitiques
6conomiquresnationales,
la pnomoticn de"5 :r
-f, ;" ;.
l
ti"..''"
r
:::,,
l,jjjt'
' ;a.
:,i,
.].
: :i,
';ii.r
tn.,t -4,"
-3-llinvestissement,..la
mlse en oer/re
de la solldanit6
financilne
enmatiBne de balance des
paiements, constituent
des appoints n6elsA
la
croissance.
Le
ddveloppementdlun
autne 6l6mentde
la
cnoissance exige desinitiatives
au niveau europ€enI il
stagit
de la
demande intennationale,dont llexpansion
(8
% pan an pendantles
ann6es60,
6
7o pan anpendant
les
anndes 7O)nta 6t6
quede
lrS
0lo en 1981. Uneaction
plusconvaincue
est
donc nScessainq.zno!eo!!-enL en-oaliAne=de--rccy-clase.-*L_e Corsei!_9e_i!_fj,lf9 d-9_!a_cq4grib34!lo':t qllt__pgrt
Stre
cet ts_de- _t_a _*--Comm una ut 6's ur
c e -Lol_41!_?_nqta_mm ent
v i s-A-v is
de s_ P_--!-D_.2 _u41i e d e s thdmesprivi
tegi6s.:
R0le
de
la Communaut6dans
la
mise en oeuvne depolitiques
sp6cifiques
:I
taction
mon6taire.
!
a)
L
a Commissioninsiste sun
la n6cessit6
de consolldenet
de d6veloppenllaction
mon€taire commune (S. M.E ),
convaincue que ce nenfoncement estune
desconditions
de n6ussite despolitiques
dconomiques. Des d6cisionsdevnaient Stne
pnises avant la
fin
de
ltann6epour
:-
mieux concentenles
politiques
mon6tainesnationales (fixation
des
objectifs
intenm6diaines,
politique
des tauxdrint6r6tr politique
dtendettementext6nieun,
utilisation
et
stnuctune des instnumentsde
la
politique mon6taire,
pnise
de mesunessignificatives)
;-
encounagen llusagede lIECUpoun
les
eqnpnuntsde la
Communautd, rllaisaussi,
de
manibneg6n6nale,
sunles
manch6sfinanciens
;-
renfoncen la
coop6nationavec les
monnaiestiences,
tant
en ce quiconcenne
les
tauxdlint6n3tr
queles
taux de change;
la Commission pnopose de menen uneaction
concent6e avec nos pnincipauxpante-naines
pour
contenin les
fluctuations
sun les
manch6s des changesb
ltint6nieun
de llzones devnaisemblancell,
clest-A-dine
delimites
nendant compte avec suffisamment de souplesse de donn6es
commen-ciales,
6conomiqueset
mon6taines appn6ci6es en commun ;-
neprendreavec la Grande-Bretagne
et
la Grbce la
guestionde leur
pleine
panticipatlon au
S. M. E.La
Commission pnopose que desdispositions soient
prises
pour
mettneConseil
en6tat
dese
pnononceren
1982sun la
seconde phase du S.M.E
-4-Outre
lrutilit€
pnatlquedu
passageI
la
secondephase,
la
Commission estlmeque
ltattachementde
llEunope A une oPganisation mondtaine internationaf emoins
instable
doit
Stne affinm6epar
trrexenp{e-1
convient donc detiner
dans lesi mois qu{viennent
les
coflclusions
des tnavaux technihues
sun les 4
questionsci-dessous
:-
modalit6s
drun f-bnds mondtaine e,-rnop6en oU senaientionsoltdds
les
diff6rents
systBmesde
cr6rjit
communautai;'e I-
d6veloppementde
llusagede
lr|ECU dansles
nelations
avec dlautnesbanques centnales ;
-
oppontunit6et
conditions
deerdation
dlpcus
sans contre;rantieen on
et
endevises
;-
natune, stnucture
et
comp6tencesdes
institutions
changdes de 96nenle
Fonds mon6taire europ6en.Role
de
la Communaut6 dansla
mlse en oegvre depolitigues
sp(lcifiques
:d6veloppement
de
I linvestissement.La
n6cessit6 drun nednessement dans ce domaineapparaft
dansles
chiffnes:
depuis
1g?3,llinvestisscment global
(FBCF*:
2lrOS
% en moyennede
19?4a
lgBO,contre
22r4
?oentne
196?et
1973)a
l6gbnementnecul6. La
contni-bution
eunop6ennedoit
n6sulter
dlunepaPticipation
A un ensemble dfactionsde pont6e g6n6nale
favonisant la
stabilitd
etlla
croissance,
maisaussi
:-
du d6vetoppement des instnumentsfinanciers
de la
Communaut6(Bel,
CECA,
EI-IRATOM,NIC).
En
cequi
concennele
l',llg'
lapoursuite
sans
6quivoguedlune'des
nar'esinitiatives
a
mettneau
cn6dit
de la
Communautd dans cesdennilnes
ann6es cloit marquendls
sond6but
le Ve
Prognamrmei
moyen terme ;-
drun examen des mesures financi&nes oufiscales
pnises
en faveunde lrinvestissement et
de tr6pargne destin6eI
le
financen,
pounappn6cien,
lrefficacit€
des moyensmis
enoeuvner
necensen lestechniques
les plus
efficaces,
enclenchen unprocessus
c[lhanmonisatidynamique dans ce secteun ;
-
en cequi
concenneles
irvestissements
dansle
secteun delt6nergier
ll6tude est pounsuivie
dansle
cadnede la
d6finition
drunestrat6gie
*FBCF
-5-6nerg6tique qui
combine coh6nence despolitigues
nationales etmobil
isation
des moyens communautaines, 169lementaines etfinanciers.
Lldtablissement
de pnognammesn6els,
fond6s sun despenspectives sdnieuses de
r6alisation
administnativeet
definan-cement,
senait
un
6l6mentmajeuni
la
d6finition
dtorientations
sans dquivoque
sun
ltappontde
lt6nengie nucl6aine enfait
pantie.ROle
de la
Communaut6 dansla
mise en oeuvne depolitiques sp6clfiques:
I lachlvement du nranch6.
La
Communaut6nlexploite
pas suffisammerrtles
6conomies dt6chelleet
la
contnainteconcurentielle positive
dlun
gnand manchd intdnieun,pnincipal
616mentqui
justifie
sa pn6tention continentale.La Commission pn6conise :
-
La suppression des entnaves techniqueset
lrharmonisbtion desL6gisLations infLuengant
Ia
production;-
unepolitique
communautainede
la
technologieet de
lrinnovationrA d6faut
de
laquelle
la
Communaut6risque
de g6ren unjoun
une6conomie en
netnaite
I-
lt6tablissement
dlLl6 llmedblefiscal
eunop6atttlqul
componteralt :.
desorientations
communes, encone gue pnognessiveset
souples,sun le
poids nespectif
desfiscalit6s
dinecte
et
indinecte
ainsique
de la
panafiscalit6
I.
un
cadnepoun la
taxe A la valeun ajout6e compontantdcsifounchettes
de
taux,
I
lrint6nieun
desquelles senaientprognessivement
negnoup6s,suivant
un schdma commun, lrensembl6des pnoduits soumis A
T.V.A.
L
a Communaut6fenait airrsi
la
pneuve de savitallt6
sans
accompllrun
acte
aussi
ndvolutionnaine quela
mise en placedlun
manch6 unique en1958,
6poque dedroits
de douane6lev6s et
danscentains Etats
membresde contingents g€n6nal is6s.
Rble
de
la Communaut6 dansla
mise en.oeuvne depolitiques sp6cifiques:
politique
active de
llemploi.ll
est
n6cessaine de compl6tenllaction
dlensembledont
lesprincipaux
f
,6-du
chOmage, exlgeaussi
blen unpuisaant
effort
dlinvestlssement
guelram6lioration
des
co0ts deproduction et
doncla
mod6nation dansI
l6volution salaniale.
[-a Commission
a
6voqu6 Adivenses
nepnfses ltint6n8t
dturreattitude
hanmonis6e en mat{bne de pnotection
$cciate
et
ta mise enplace
dl6ldments-cadre
communsen
matlbre
dednoits des
tr-availleuns,
des6cunit6
du tnavaifet dram6lioration
desconditions
detravail,
qui
pourraient figuren
dansdes
conventionscollectives
:Elle
netieht les
pniorit6s
sp€cifiques ci-dessous
:-
penforcement du dialogue entrelinstitutions
corlmunaut;til'es etpartenaires
sociaux
;-
utilisation
plus
ample,
plue
cc[Tcentrdeet
plus
souple des moyen;dtaction
communautaineset
notamment du Fondssocial,
tel qutelle
est
pnopos6e dansle
napportde
la Commission6tabli
en ex6cutiondu mandat
du
30mai
l98b
;-
pour
marquenla
prionit6
queconstitue
ltemploi
desjeunr:s,
la Commission propose dans cecadre
unobjectif
commun:
mettne enplace,
drici
lafin
du 5e pnognamme, des m6canismeset
des moyenspenmettant dlassunen A
tous les
jeunes,
ausontin de
leunscolanit6
obligatoire, soit un
emploi r6nrundn6,soit
ltaccbs
A uncycle
deformation
professionnel le.I
e
Conseil
devrait
adoptenbxplicitement cet
objectif
et pnendneles
mesunes correspondantes.-
Enfin
ta concn6tisation desdlscussions
engag6essur
certains
aspects
de
ltam6nagement du temps detnavail.
En
ce
qui concerne
la
rdduction
clu temps detnavail
desdiff6nences de
situation
et aussi
des diff6nences dlappn6,ciationexistent
entneEtats
membres.ll
convient
cependant depoursuivFe
au niveau comrnunautaineles
dtudes engag6essur
llefficacit6
decette action
et
sun lesconditions,
enpanticulier
le respect de
ltobiectif
dtam6lioration
des
cofits
de pnoductionqui doivent
Etnenemplis
lA oUelle
intenvient.
De m3me.tes tnavaux sun
certains
modalit6s dtam6nagem,ent (tnavailA temps
pantiel,
heunes suppl6imentaires, honainesflexibles,
netnaitg
anticip6e
etc.)
doivent
atre
men6s A leun tenmeet
aboutint1
ANNEXE
Principaux 6[6ments du
projet
Ve Programme de
poLitique
6conomique deA moyen terme
Hi
stori
queLractueL programme
est
Ledernier
drunes6rie
de programmesd
moyen.terme,dont
Le premier remonte A 1966,et
qui
doit
6tre
pr6par6 au moins unefois
tous
Lescinq
ans (Decision du Conseit
def6vrier
1974).La proc6dure de prdparation des programmes
i
moyen termeest
complexe :Lravant-projet
du Comit6 depoLitique
6conomique (Comit6dont
[a
Commissionest
membreet
assurepar
aitteurs [e
secr6tariat) est
transmis A LaCommis-sion.
CeLLe-ci,en
[e
transformant enprojet
peuty
introduire
desmodifica-tions
d0mentexpLicit6es
et
Lraccompagner de commentaires poLitiques96n6-raux.
Le Partementet
[e
Comit6 Economiqueet
Sociat
donnent Leuravis.
Enfin,
Le Conseit d6cide dutexte
finat.
Dans
[e
casactuel,
La Commissiona
adopt6 commeprojet
sans modificationLravant-projet
de programme6tabLi
par
[e
Comit6 depoLitique
6conomique.-
ELernentsprincipaux de
ta
strat6gie
du Ve ProgranmeCe programme
est construit
autour de deuxobjectifs
fondamentaux:
Lecon-t16Le
de
Irinftation et
trajustementstructure[.
Ces deuxobjectifs
consti-tuent
des pr6alabLesd ta
cr6ation
durable de nouveaux emptois, Laquet[eest
pour
ta
Communaut6 unobjectif
prioritairer
6tant
donn6te
haut niveaude d6part
atteint
par
Le ch6mageet
La perspective de son accroissement(2
7.de
La poputationactive
en 1970'7'5
Z
en 1981).outre
Le ch6mage, LranaLysefaite
des probtdmes actuets met en 6vidence [e ratentissementde
ta
croissance(2.5 i(
par an depuis 1973 compar6e 5
Zavant 19?3) et.
te
ma'intien detaux
drinftation
6tev6s(6
Z danstes
ann6es60,'lO
Z depuis 1973). EtLe souligne 6gaLementta
chutede
Lrinvestissement2.
q
et
te
d6'ctin de[a
comp6titivitE
de
ta
Communaut6.Ces probldmes
sont
appr6hend6s comme un ensembte,i
travers teurs
inter-retations. Afin
de permettrete
reddmarragede
Irinvestissementet
[e
re-tour
d ta
croissance,
trinftation
et
Lesincertitudes qurette
fait
pesersur
Lesconditions
g6n6ratesde
tractivite<
6conomiquedoivent
6t'^emaitri-s6es. Ceci impLique
[a
poursuite
depotitiques
mon6taires sansfaitte;
mais,ainsi
queIra
montr6 Lrexp6rience,si
ces dernidres nesont
pas acconpagndespar
une mod6ration dessataires
(aussi bien
dansles
sect*urs
prot6g6s quedans Les secteurs expos6s)
ainsi
quepar
uncontr6le suffisant
desd6ficits
du secteur pubLic (en
particuLier
i
triavers unegestion
ad6qr:e;;"des budgetsde
s6curft6 sociate)
etLesresteront inefficaces.
Parcontre,
si
cescondi-tions
sont r6unies,
ettes
permettront non seul.ement der6duire
L''inftatior
mais encore
drd'Largir tes
possibiLit6s
de croissance.De pLus, des
efforts
soutenusdoivent
iitre
poursuivis
pouraccro'itre
Laca-pacit6
de nos 6conomiesd
adapter Leursstructunes
:
des mesures doivent6tre prises
dans ce sens en cequi
concernete
marchd'dutravait
(enparti-cuLier
ta
formation professionneLte pour de nouveLLesquaLificatiions),
Lalibert6
pour
les
mouvenents deprix
rel.atifs,
ta
suppression desinterven-tions
pubtiquesqui
retardent
ttajustement,
uneptus
grandepriorit6 i
Lrint6rieur
des d6penses pubtigues (d€penses courantes ou encapitaL)
pourdes
actions
qui
aident
d
t'ajustement-Une ptace importante
doit
6tre
donn6eir
Irinvestissement dans Le domaine detr6nergie,
cequi
contribue
Ardduire
[.acontrainte
6nerg6tiquetout
enayant un impact important
sur
tractivitd
6cononique.Lrapptication
de ces deuxorientations
depoLitique
6conomique, avec Lesmesures indispensables quretLes
requiArent,
constitue
Lepoint
de passageoblig6
pour unesotution
du problAmecritique
gue pose un chdmagecroissant,
probLdme aggrav6
par
Les€votutions
d6mographiqures. Cependant, Le programme soutigne Le besoin de prendre des tsesuressp6cifiques
enfaveur
du march6du
travait
ainsi
que La ndcessite derester
ouvert
i
des mesures temporairesdestin6es
6
aLL6ger[e
sous-emploi en d6but dep6riode.
Dr6ventueLtesmesu-res
de partage dutravaiL
devraient
€tre
congues detelte
sorte qure[les
ne7
3.
Les
potitiques
communautairesdoivent
6gatementconforter cette
strat6gie.
Un approfondissement du march6
intdrieur
doit
6tre
syst€natiquementre-cherch6;
tes
poIitiques
6conomiquesdoivent
€tre
coordonn6es de mani6replus
efficace;
les potitiques
et
actions entreprises
au niveaucommunautai-re
doivent
viser
d r€duire
Les divergenceset
Arenforcer
[a
coh6sion.Une
certaine
fLexibititd
sera
requise danstrapplication
de
ta
strat6gie
selon
tes situations
propresi
chaqueEtat
nembreet
Les6volutions
dans[e
temps;crest
pourquoites
progrds accomptisdevraient
6tre
revusr6gu-tidrement.
Le succAs exige une[arge
comprdhension desobjectifs
retenuset
Lespartenaires
sociauxont
encette
matidre unr6[e
essentiet
i
jouer.Donn6es
quantitatives
Le programme ne
contient
pasdrobjectifs
macro-dconomiqueschiffr6s.
It
contient
cependant des donn6esquantifi6es
ayant un caractAreiLLustratif.
Ces donndes
sont
fond6essur
trutiIisation
drun moddte 6conom6trique pourta
Communaut6, moddtequi est
n6cessairement assezsimpLifi6
et
qui
enpar-ticuLier
necontient
ni
dimension mon6taireni
dimensionsectorieIte.
Pour cesraisons,
certaines
d6L6gationsont
exprim6 des rdserves quant AtrutiIit6
defaire
apparaitre
Lesr6suttats
du nod6Le. Cependantta
projec-tion
de base pr6sent6e ci-dessousnra
en g6n6rat pas6t6
contestEe.Principaux
r6sultats
de
[a projecfion
de basepour
ta
Communaut6 dans sonensenb Le
I
(taux
de croissance annuets moyens en %,sauf indica.tion contraire)
1973t60
1980t73 1985t80
1985t81PIB
Prix
du PIB FBCFEmpLoi
Pouvoir drachat du
salaire
par tEtePart
saLariate
corrig6eSol,de
sur
bienset
services
enfin
dep6riode
(enZ
du PIB)4.6 4.9 5.4 o.? 5.0 0.2 o.4 2.2 10.4 o.7 0.0 2.0 0.0
-
1.4'1.9
2.58.1
7.7'1.1
?.1-
o:2
0.00.8
1.0- 1.1
-
1.4-
0.2Les
r6suttats
ta potitique
qur i
t
faudraet
drempLoi.de
oette projection
soutignent lranpleur
dud6fi
que pose 66conomique