Mobile and Wireless IS
Athens University of Economics and Business
Department of Management Science and Technology ISTLab/ Wireless Research Center
George M. Giaglis
Learning Objectives
•
Discuss the drivers and characteristics and attributes of
mobile, wireless, and pervasive IS
•
Understand the technologies that support mobile, wireless,
and pervasive IS
•
Outline wireless standards and transmission networks
•
Discuss mobile, wireless, and pervasive computing
applications and services (organizational, consumer and
personal)
•
Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of mobile
Landscape of mobile and wireless
information systems
Mobile Business
Supports the exchange of
•
Goods
•
Services
•
Information
•
Knowledge
Between
•
Business to Business(B2B model)
•
Business to Customer (B2C model)
•
Business to Employee (B2E model)
•
Machine to Machine (M2M)
•
...
• Voice
Mobile Business
Open new opportunities to businesses
Advantage Description Outcome
Ubiquity • Continuous information exchange
• Transactions at all times
• Independence from location
Localization
• Precise localization of a
connected mobile device • Quick response for emergency matters • Context-specific content,
depending on place and time
Identification/ Personalisation
• Users can be uniquely identified through their mobile device
• Personalized information can be made available
• Relationship-building (CRM) • Wide audience
Mobile Business
•
Mobile Technology empowers interactivity
•
Its use affects all areas of daily life
o
The way businesses are being organized and run
o
The way employees work (m-working)
o
The way consumers carry out their purchases (m-payments,
m-commerce)
o
Advertising strategies (m-marketing)
o
Personal communication (social networking,
mBusiness Models
B2B: Business-to-Business
• CRM -mobile devices can optimise the information flow
o Real-time access to company data
o Immediate information on product availability, etc.
o Streamlined workflow (activities carried out in different locations at the same
time)
• Mobile maintenance- service technicians are able to perform remote
checks
o Minimize down times
o All spare parts and tools available
• Fleet management
o Integration of location-identification services in mobile data communication.
o Routing is optimised and capacities can be better used since necessary
documents such as delivery notes or clearance papers, are transmitted electronically.
mBusiness Models
B2E: Business-to-Employee
• Intranet available to all staff (including tools like travel
management, address books, etc.)
• Real-time data synchronization (calendars, e-mails, etc.) and
multi-party communication (video conferencing, presentations, etc.)
• Employee support
• Cost reductions and convenience (e.g. by avoiding expensive and
mBusiness Models
B2C: Business to Customer
• Integration of typical e-commerce applications with m-commerce
(banks, financial service providers, insurance agencies, tourism, entertainment, automotive, consumer goods)
• Implementation of location-based services allowing for one-to-one
marketing (e.g. location/time sensitive ads) and communication (e.g. Personalized announcements in stations/airports)
• Medical and emergency services.
• Mobile shopping (especially for impulse purchases)
• Mobile entertainment
mBusiness Models
M2M: Machine-to-Machine
• Using wire line networks, the remote transmission of data for
monitoring, decision making, and control of machines, referred to as telemetry, has already produced a wide range of
applications.
• Devices that are too costly to wire can be telemetered with
mobile technology.
• Progress in remote diagnosis and self maintenance of machines
Mobile
Augmented Reality
•
Augmented Reality:
projection of information to the user for an item of interest which
is captured via the PC’s camera
o Example: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NK59Beq0Sew
•
Mobile Augmented Reality:
projection of information to the user for an item of interest which
is captured via the mobile phone’s camera
Augmented Reality
Mobile AR requires 5 key features
:
o Camera
o GPS
o Broadband Connectivity
o Tilt sensors (accelerometer)
o Digital Compass
Drivers
o The launch of iPhone, Android, etc.
o The development of Location Based Services
o Mobile Internet Adoption is increasing
o Technological Advances – networks
Mobile AR – Fields of Application
•
Location Based Services
Uses GPS and Compass to identify user’s exact location and
orientation. AR can be used as:
o a tour guide (for Tuscany region)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TIetwAU3ZdY&feature=related
o London Cycle Hire
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uXuD3nCBW2I&feature=related
o Marketing tool in Real Estate (Layar)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ve3fEAX8hFU
o Navigator (Wikitude)
Mobile AR – Fields of Application
•
Location Based Services
Social Networking
TwittAround: An AR Twitter viewer. User can see where the tweet
comes from and how far it is away
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_Vbh7nHalCc
•
Games:
ARhrrrr is an augmented reality shooter for mobile
camera-phones, created at Georgia Tech Augmented Environments Lab
and the Savannah College of Art and Design.
Future Mobile AR Applications
The future of Mobile Augmented Reality
• Sixth Sense Project MIT Lab
Basic components:
o Camera
o Small projector
o Smartphone
o Mirror
• The projector essentially turns any surface into an interactive screen
• The device works by using the camera and mirror to examine the surrounding
world, feeding that image to the phone (which processes the image, gathers GPS coordinates and pulls data from the Internet), and then projecting information
from the projector onto the surface in front of the user, whether it's a wrist, a wall, or even a person.
• See example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=eUy8j4TMH2M&feature=PlayList&p=C679F11114C7FFB7&playnext=1&playne xt_from=PL&index=7
Mobile
Payments
Mobile Payments – Types
• Mobile Payments based on Payment Mode
o Near Field Communication (NFC)-Based Payments
o SMS-based payments
o Mobile Web Payments
• Mobile Payments based on Value
o Micro-Payments
o Macro-Payments
• Mobile Payments based on location
o Remote Transactions
o Proximity/Local Transactions
• Mobile Payments based on Charging Methods
o Post-paid
o Pre-paid
o Real-time
• Mobile Payments based on Relationship Models
o Consumer to Business (C2B) Mobile Payments
o Business to Business (B2B) Mobile Payments
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based on Payment Mode
)
SMS-based Payments
1. The customer purchases goods and the bill
gets generated
2. Bill is sent to the datacentre through the
Internet, mobile device or a wireline
3. The datacentre contacts the person
through an automated call or SMS
4. The customer sends back the approval with
the Personal Identification Number (PIN) and unique short code
5. The datacentre issues the bill to customer’s issuer
for releasing the required funds
6. The issuer credits the required amount to the merchant and debits the same
amount (plus a processing fee) from the customer’s credit card/phone bill/pre-paid account
Example:
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based on Payment Mode
)
Near Field Communication (NFC)-Based Payments
1. Involve a mobile phone with
an embedded chip -which acts as the mode of payment
2. Contactless communication
between two devices over a range of 10 cm
3. The handset act as a smart contact credit/debit card, which can be read by
any smart card reader and NFC device
Example:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vdjWhm_OI_U&feature=relmfu
• NFC-based mobile payment systems:
family of contactless mobile payment methods
• Similar methods (methodology remains the same across all members but
there are slight changes in the implementation technology)
o RFID (radio-frequency identification),
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based o
n Location)
•
Remote Transactions
o Money transactions irrespective of the customer’s location
•
Proximity/Local Transactions
o Mobile device must be in the local vicinity
o The technology platform for this type of payment includes Bluetooth,
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based o
n Charging Methods)
•
Post-paid
o the user pays after the bill is generated
o the most common method for m-/e-commerce
o 2 payment methods: Phone bill based: Internal phone bill charged by
the operator; Account based: payment done through banks/credit cards
•
Pre-paid
o The user pays in advance
o The most common method for evaluating a customer’s potential
(frequency of recharge, amount recharged)
o flexibility to monitor usage in advance
•
Real-time
o The user pays in (almost) real time
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based o
n Relationship Models)
•
C2B: Customer-to-Business
o Alternative to the usual cash transaction & one of the most popular
models
o Consumers pay for all types of day-to-day items using this kind of
a payment model
o The model’s success is therefore dependent upon the capability of
the handset and its user interface
•
B2B: Business-to-Business
o Transactions between businesses or enterprises through mobile
phones
o The supply chain generally involves the purchase of specific
Mobile Payments – Types
(
based o
n Relationship Models)
•
C2C: Customer-to-Customer
o end-to-end transactions between two consumers through a third
party business platform (on-line auctions)
o Commission charges by platform on every sale completed
•
P2P: Person-to-Person
o private mobile transactions between two people either directly or
through a third party
