Pub61_HighSpeedCraft

GUIDE

FOR

BUILDING AND

CLASSING

HIGH-SPEED CRAFT

OCTOBER 2001

American Bureau of Shipping

Copyright  2001

American Bureau of Shipping ABS Plaza

16855 Northchase Drive Houston, TX 77060 USA

Foreword

This Guide has been prepared to update the requirements of the ABS “Guide for Building and Classing High-Speed Craft October 1990”. An attempt has been made to update the Guide to incorporate current design practice and various types of hull design, e.g. catamarans, hydrofoils. The new Section 5/1 “Craft Intended to Carry Passengers” has also been developed in response to the needs from high-speed passenger craft industry and operators.

The Guide specifies machinery requirements and hull construction requirements based on three different materials, namely, steel, aluminum alloys and fiber reinforced plastics (FRP) which are considered to be broadly applied in the design of high-speed craft. The construction requirements are contained in a single booklet while the material requirements are published in two separate booklets, “Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding Part 2” for steel and “Requirements for Materials and Welding Part 2 - Aluminum and Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)”. These two booklets specify the requirements for these materials as applicable, welding (metals) and connections (FRP).

This Guide becomes effective immediately after publication in February 1997 and supersedes the 1990 version mentioned above.

Foreword to the 2001 Edition

This edition of the Guide has been published in October 2001, and the following changes have been made from the original version:

− Part 1, Section 3, titled “Surveys After Construction” has been removed as a consequence of the consolidated version of the ABS Rule Requirements for Survey After Construction – Part 7, 2001 being issued effective 1 January 2001. *

− The latest editions of the ABS Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding – Part 2 are applicable. − Corrigenda/editorial items have been incorporated into the current edition.

* The PDF file of this booklet is available for download on the ABS website at: www.eagle.org/rules/downloads.html.

G

UIDE FOR

B

UILDING AND

C

LASSING

H

IGH

-

S

PEED

C

RAFT

Contents

P

ART

1

Classification and Testing

2

Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding - Chapters

1, 2, 3 and 4 (published as a separate booklet, 2001*)

Requirements for Materials and Welding, - Aluminum,

- Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP) - Sections 4 and 5

(published as a separate booklet, 1997)

3

Hull Construction and Equipment

4

Machinery Equipment and Systems

5

Specialized Craft and Services

* The PDF file of this booklet is available for downloading on the ABS Website at

www.eagle.org/rules/downloads.html.

P

ART

1

Contents

Classification and Testing

S

1

Scope and Conditions of Classification

2

Testing and Trials During Construction - Hull

P

ART

1

SECTION

1

Scope and Conditions of Classification

1/1.1.1 Process

The Classification process consists of a) the development of rules, guides, standards and other criteria for the design and construction of marine craft and structures, for materials, equipment and machinery, b) the review of design and survey during and after construction to verify compliance with such rules, guides, standards or other criteria, c) the assignment and registration of class when such compliance has been verified, and d) the issuance of a renewable Classification certificate, with annual endorsements, valid for five years.

The Rules, Guides, and standards are developed by Bureau staff and passed upon by committees made up of naval architects, marine engineers, shipbuilders, engine builders, steel makers and by other technical, operating and scientific personnel associated with the worldwide maritime industry. Theoretical research and development, established engineering disciplines, as well as satisfactory service experience are utilized in their development and promulgation. The Bureau and its committees can act only upon such theoretical and practical considerations in developing Rules, Guides and standards.

For classification, the craft are to comply with both the hull and the machinery requirements of the Rules and Guides.

1/1.1.2 Certificates and Reports

a Plan review and surveys during and after

construction are conducted by the Bureau to verify to itself and its committees that a craft, structure, item of material, equipment or machinery is in compliance with the Rules, Guides, standards or other criteria of the Bureau and to the satisfaction of the attending surveyor. All reports and certificates are issued solely for the use of the Bureau, its committees, its clients and other authorized entities.

b The Bureau will release information from

reports and certificates to the Port State to assist in rectification of deficiencies during port state control intervention. Such information includes text of conditions of classification, survey due dates, and certificate expiration dates. The Owner will be advised of any request and/or release of information.

c The Bureau will release certain information to

the craft’s hull underwriters and P&I clubs for underwriting purposes. Such information includes text of overdue conditions of classification, survey due dates, and certificate expiration dates. The Owners will be advised of any request and/or release of information. In the case of overdue conditions of classification, the Owners will be given the opportunity to verify the accuracy of the information prior to release.

1/1.1.3 Representations as to Classification Classification is a representation by the Bureau as to the structural and mechanical fitness for a particular use or service in accordance with its Rules, Guides and standards. The Rules of the American Bureau of Shipping are not meant as a substitute for the independent judgment of professional designers, naval architects and marine engineers nor as a substitute for the quality control procedures of shipbuilders, engine builders, steel makers, suppliers, manufacturers and sellers of marine vessels, materials, machinery or equipment. The Bureau, being a technical society, can only act through Surveyors or others who are believed by it to be skilled and competent.

The Bureau represents solely to the vessel Owner or client of the Bureau that when assigning class it will use due diligence in the development of Rules, Guides and standards, and in using normally applied testing standards, procedures and techniques as called for by the Rules, Guides, standards or other criteria of the Bureau for the purpose of assigning and maintaining class. The Bureau further represents to the vessel Owner or other client of the Bureau that its certificates and reports evidence compliance only with one or more of the Rules, Guides, standards or other criteria of the Bureau in accordance with the terms of such certificate or report. Under no circumstances whatsoever are these representations to be deemed to relate to any third party.

1/1.1.4 Scope of Classification

Nothing contained in any certificate or report is to be deemed to relieve any designer, builder, Owner, manufacturer, seller, supplier repairer, operator, other entity or person of any warranty express or implied. Any certificate or report evidences compliance only with one or more of the Rules, Guides, standards or other criteria of American Bureau of Shipping and is

issued solely for the use of the Bureau, its committees, its clients or other authorized entities. Nothing contained in any certificate, report, plan or document review or approval is to be deemed to be in any way a representation or statement beyond those contained in 1/1.1.3. The validity, applicability and interpretation of any certificate, report, plan or document review or approval are governed by the Rules, Guides and standards of American Bureau of Shipping who shall remain the sole judge thereof. The Bureau is not responsible for the consequences arising from the use by other parties of the Rules, Guides, standards or criteria of the American Bureau of Shipping, without review, plan approval and survey by the Bureau.

The term "approved" shall be interpreted to mean that the plans, reports or documents have been reviewed for compliance with one or more of the Rules, Guides, standards, or other criteria of the Bureau.

The Guide is published on the understanding that responsibility for stability and trim, for reasonable handling and loading, as well as for avoidance of distributions of weight which are likely to set up abnormally severe stresses in vessels does not rest upon the Committee. Speed is to be appropriately reduced with increasing sea conditions in order to limit dynamic hull responses.

1/1.2 Suspension and Cancellation of Class

1/1.2.1 Termination of Classification

The continuance of the Classification of any craft is conditional upon the Guide requirements for periodical, damage and other surveys being duly carried out. The Committee reserves the right to reconsider, withhold, suspend, or cancel the class of any craft or any part of the machinery for noncompliance with the Guide, for defects reported by the Surveyors which have not been rectified in accordance with their recommendations, or for nonpayment of fees which are due on account of Classification, Statutory and Cargo Gear Surveys. Suspension or cancellation of class may take effect immediately or after a specified period of time. 1/1.2.2 Notice of Surveys

It is the responsibility of the Owner to ensure that all surveys necessary for the maintenance of class are carried out at the proper time. The Bureau will give proper notice to an Owner of upcoming surveys. This may be done by means of a letter, a quarterly vessel status or other communication. The non-receipt of such notice, however, does not absolve the Owner from his responsibility to comply with survey requirements for maintenance of class.

1/1.2.3 Special Notations

If the survey requirements related to maintenance of special notations are not carried out as required, the suspension or cancellation may be limited to those special notations only.

1/1.2.4 Suspension of Class Includes:

a Class is suspended for any use, operation,

loading condition or other application of any craft for which it has not been approved and which affects or may affect classification or the structural integrity, quality or fitness for a particular use or service.

b If the periodical surveys required for

maintenance of class are not carried out by the due date and no Rule allowed extension has been granted, class will be suspended.

c If recommendations issued by the Surveyor are

not carried out within their due dates, class will be suspended.

d Class is suspended for any damage, failure,

deterioration or repair that has not been completed as recommended.

e If proposed repairs as referred to in 1/3.1.1

have not been submitted to the Bureau and agreed upon prior to commencement, class may be suspended.

1/1.2.5 Cancellation of Class

a If the circumstances leading to suspension of

class are not corrected within the time specified, the vessel's class will be canceled.

b A vessel's class is canceled immediately when

a vessel proceeds to sea without having completed recommendations which were required to be dealt with before leaving port.

1/1.3 Classification Symbols

1/1.3.1 Class Notation

Craft which have been built to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau to the full requirements of this Guide, or equivalent, where approved by the Committee for unrestricted ocean service, will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols !!!A1 HSC !! !!AMS indicating compliance! with the hull and machinery requirements of the Guide.

1/1.3.2 Special Requirements

Craft which have been built to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau to the requirements as contained in this Guide for special types of craft and which are approved by the Committee for restricted service will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols !!!!A1 HSC followed by the appropriate notation, namely Passenger Craft (A), Passenger Craft (B), Ro/Ro Passenger Craft (A), Ro/Ro Passenger Craft (B), Cargo Craft; the (A)

and (B) indicate a craft defined as a Category A Passenger Craft, a Category B Passenger Craft respectively in accordance with the International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft. The notation “Cargo Craft” defines a vessel that is certified in accordance with the IMO International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft.

1/1.3.3 Special Purpose Craft

Special purpose craft, which have been built to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau to arrangements and scantlings approved for the particular purpose, where approved by the Committee for the particular service will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols !!!A1! HSC followed by a description of the service for which special modifications to the Rules have been approved, e.g. Government Service etc.

1/1.3.4 Service Limitations

a Geographical Limitation Craft which have

been built to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau to special modified requirements for a restricted service, where approved by the Committee for that particular service, will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols and notations as described in 1/1.3.1, 1/1.3.2 and 1/1.3.3 above, but the symbols and notations will either be followed by or have included in them the appropriate restricted service, e.g., Gulf of Mexico Service, Philippines Inter-Island Service, Coastal Service Less than 25 Miles, Harbor Service, etc.

b Significant Wave Height Craft which have

been designed and built for limited service operation with a significant wave height less than 4 m (13 ft) will be distinguished in the Record by the special comment. Specific significant wave height to be used in the design is to be clearly indicated in operating manual for restriction of service.

1/1.3.5 Craft not Built under Survey

Craft not built under survey to this Bureau, but which are submitted for classification, will be subjected to a special classification survey. Where found satisfactory and thereafter approved by the Committee, they will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols and special notations as described in 1/1.3.1 to 1/1.3.4 above, but the symbol !

! !

! signifying the survey during construction will be omitted.

1/1.3.6 Equipment Symbol

The symbol placed after the symbols of classification, thus; !!!!Al , will signify that the equipment of anchors and cables of the craft is in compliance with the requirements of the Guide or with the requirements corresponding to the service limitation noted in the craft’s classification, which have been specially approved for the limited service. 1/1.3.7 !!!!AMS Symbols

Machinery constructed and installed to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau to the full requirements of the Guide, when found satisfactory after trial and approved by the Committee, will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols !!!AMS.!

1/1.3.8 AMS Symbols

Machinery which has not been constructed and installed under survey to this Bureau, but which is submitted for classification, will be subjected to a special classification survey. Where found satisfactory and thereafter approved by the Committee, the machinery will be classed and distinguished in the Record by the symbols AMS. The symbol !!!! signifying the survey during construction will be omitted.

1/1.3.9 ACCU or ABCU Symbols

The automatic and remote-control systems are to be in accordance with the applicable requirements of Section 4/11.

1/1.5 Application

1/1.5.1 Application Limits

This Guide is applicable to high speed craft for commercial or governmental use constructed of steel, aluminum, or FRP and having

V /

L

Vessel Type Applicable Length

Mono-hull < 130 m (427 ft.) Multi-hull < 100 m (328 ft.) Surface Effects Ship (SES) < 90 m (295 ft.) Hydro Foil < 60 m (197 ft.)

The criteria contained in this Guide are meant to be applicable to those features that are permanent in nature and can be verified by plan review, calculation, physical survey or other appropriate means. Any statement in this Guide regarding any other feature is to be considered as guidance to the designer, builder, owner, et al.

1/1.5.2 Direct Analyses

a Required Analyses Direct analyses are required in particular cases to demonstrate the adequacy of the structural design. When the length of craft constructed of steel or aluminum exceeds 61m (200 feet), when the length of craft constructed of FRP exceeds 50m (164 feet) or when the operating speed (V) exceeds 50 knots, the design of the main supporting members of the hull (e.g. web frames and deep girders supporting stiffened plating) is to be demonstrated by the performance of suitable direct analyses.

Similarly for vessel designs having the length or speed values exceeding the mentioned ones, a suitable direct analysis is to be performed to demonstrate the adequacy of the hull girder strength. (See also 3/6.1.1b and 3/6.3.1.)

The direct analyses are to be performed using an acceptable finite element method computer program. The extent of, and boundary conditions applied to, the analytical model(s) are to be appropriate to reflect adequately the behavior of the structure. The loads to be applied to the structural model are to be based on consideration of the design values; deck cargo and similar internal loads in the hull (accounting for dynamic effects as appropriate); the external pressure loads (see 3/8) and distribution specified in this Guide; and appropriate wave induced hull girder bending moment and shear force effects. (For example see 3/6.1.)

b Supplementary Analyses In addition to the direct analyses required in a above, the Bureau may require the performance of additional direct analyses to demonstrate and document the adequacy of other features of the hull structural design, which are considered to be within the scope of classification. The need to provide such analyses can arise: in the

case of novel designs; where structural displacement is expected to influence (more than usually) structural response; where hull propulsion or steering system load transmission in the hull needs to be specially addressed; to demonstrate the efficiency of novel connection details on hull strength; etc.

For types of behavior or loading effects which are not within the scope of classification of the vessel to be classed, the Bureau will upon request provide advice on what it feels constitutes an appropriate analysis. Such analyses include those for vibration and docking arrangements.

c Analysis Scope and Documentation The scope, details and manner of documenting the analyses are to be agreed with the Bureau before the analyses are done.

1/1.5.3 Design by Testing

Where it is intended to use physical testing (e.g. tank model testing, etc.) as the primary or supplementary basis of design, the details of such testing and the procedures to be followed to establish design values are to be agreed to by the Bureau, prior to the performance of the testing.

1/1.5.4 Alternatives

a General The Committee is at all times ready to consider alternative arrangements and scantlings which can be shown, through either satisfactory service experience or a systematic analysis based on sound engineering principles, to meet the overall safety and strength standards of the Guide.

b National Standards The Committee will consider special arrangements or details of hull, equipment or machinery which can be shown to comply with standards recognized in the country in which the craft is registered or built, provided they are not less effective.

c Other Rules The Committee will consider hull, equipment or machinery built to the satisfaction of the Surveyors to the Bureau in accordance with the plans that have been approved to the Rules of another recognized classification society with verification of compliance by the Bureau. A notation will be entered in the Record indicating that classification has incorporated the provisions of this subparagraph. Submission of plans is to be in accordance with 1/1.11.

1/1.5.5 Novel Features

Craft which have novel features of design in respect of the hull, machinery or equipment to which the provisions of this Guide are not directly applicable may be classed, when approved by the Committee, on the basis that this Guide insofar as applicable has been complied with and that special consideration has been given to the novel features based on the best information available at the time.

1/1.5.6 Effective Date of Rule Change

a Six Month Rule Changes to the Guide are to become effective on the date specified by the Bureau. In general, the effective date is not less than six months from the date of their publication. However, the Bureau may bring into force individual changes before that date if necessary or appropriate.

b Implementation of Rule Changes In general, until the effective date, plan approval for designs will follow prior practice unless review under the latest Guide is specifically requested by the party signatory to the application for classification. If one or more vessels are to be constructed from plans previously approved, no retroactive application of the latest Guide changes will be required except as may be necessary or appropriate for all contemplated construction.

1/1.7 Regulations

1/1.7.1 General

While the Guide covers the requirements for the classification of new craft, the attention of Owners, designers, and builders is directed to the regulations of international, governmental and other authorities dealing with those requirements in addition to or over and above the classification requirements.

1/1.7.2 International Conventions or Codes Where authorized by the Administration of a country signatory thereto and upon request of the Owners of a classed craft or one intended to be classed, the Bureau will survey a new or existing craft for compliance with the provisions of International Conventions or Codes including the following, and certify thereto in the manner prescribed in the Convention or Code.

International Convention on Load Lines, 1966. International Convention for the Safety of Life at Sea,

1974, as amended.

International Code for Safety for High Speed Craft (HSC Code).

International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969.

International Convention for the Prevention of Pollution from Ships, 1973/78, as amended.

1/1.7.3 International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft

Where authorized by the Administration of a country signatory to the SOLAS convention, and upon request of the Owners of an existing craft or a craft under construction, the Bureau will review plans and survey the craft for compliance with the provisions of the Code and certify thereto in the manner prescribed in the Code. Builders and owners are advised that Administrations may have special interpretations of the requirements as given in the International Code of Safety for High Speed Craft and they should contact the Administration as to this at an early stage in the design.

1/1.7.4 Governmental Regulations

Where authorized by a government agency and upon request of the owners of a classed craft or one intended to be classed, the Bureau will survey and certify a new or existing craft for compliance with particular regulations of that government on their particular regulations of that government on their behalf.

1/1.9 IACS Audit

The International Association of Classification Societies (IACS) conducts audits of processes followed by all its member societies to assess the degree of compliance with the IACS Quality System Certification Scheme requirements. For this purpose, auditors from IACS may accompany ABS personnel at any stage of the classification or statutory work which may necessitate the auditors having access to the craft or access to the premises of the manufacturer or shipbuilder.

In such instances, prior authorization for the auditor's access will be sought by the local ABS office.

1/1.11 Submission of Plans

Hull and machinery plans, as required below, are to be submitted to the Bureau for review and approval. Plans from designers and shipbuilders should generally be submitted in triplicate, one copy to be returned to those making the submission, one copy for the use of the Surveyor where the craft is being built, and one copy to be retained in the ABS Technical office for record. Manufacturers plans are to be submitted in quadruplicate where construction is to be carried out at a plant other than that of the shipbuilder. However, additional copies may be required when the required attendance of the Surveyor is anticipated at more than one location. All plan submissions originating from manufacturers are understood to be made with the cognizance of the shipbuilder. A fee may be charged for the review of plans for which there is no contract of classification.

1/1.11.1 Hull Plans

Plans showing the arrangements, scantlings, details of principal parts of the hull structure, and welding details of each craft to be built under survey are to be submitted and approved before construction is commenced. These plans are to include such particulars as the design draft, displacement and design speed. Where provision is to be made for any special type of cargo or for any exceptional conditions of loading, particulars of the weights and of their distribution are also to be given. In general the following plans are to be submitted for review or reference.

Anchor handling arrangements

Bottom construction, floors, girders, inner bottom plating, etc.

Bow framing Capacity plan Craft Specifications Damage Control plan Deck plans

Framing plan General Arrangement

Hatches and hatch-closing arrangements Hull port and framing details

Lines and body plan

Machinery casings, engine and main auxiliary foundations

Midship section

Miscellaneous nontight bulkheads which are used as structural supports

Operating manual and where applicable, maintenance manual (see 3/6.9)

Pillars and girders

Scantling profile and decks Shaft struts

Shaft tunnels Shell expansion Stem

Stern frame and rudder Stern framing

Superstructure and deckhouses, and their closing arrangements

Through-hull penetrations for thrusters, stabilizers, exhausts, and sea valves

Ventilation systems on weather decks Watertight and deep-tank bulkheads Watertight doors and framing

Weathertight doors, framing, and sill heights

Welding Schedule and details, bonding details (FRP) Window and framing details

1/1.11.2 Machinery Plans and Data

Plans and data required to be submitted to the Bureau for review and approval are listed in 4/1.11.

1/1.11.3 Additional Plans

Where certification under 1/1.7.2 or 1/1.7.3 is requested, submission of additional plans and calculations may be required.

1/1.11.4 FRP Building Process Description and Quality Manual

For FRP structure, the builder is to submit a process description of the construction before the construction commences. Details of the information to be submitted are given in Section 2/5.

1/1.13 Conditions for Surveys after Construction

1/1.13.1 Damage, Failure and Repair

a Examination and Repair Damage, failure, deterioration or repair to hull, machinery or equipment, which affects or may affect classification, is to be submitted by the Owners or their representatives for examination by a Surveyor at first opportunity. All repairs found necessary by the Surveyor are to be carried out to the Surveyor’s satisfaction.

b Repairs Where repairs to hull, machinery or equipment, which affect or may affect classification, are planned in advance to be carried out, a complete repair procedure including the extent of proposed repair and the need for Surveyor's attendance is to be submitted to and agreed upon by the Bureau reasonably in advance. Failure to notify the Bureau, in advance of the repairs, may result in suspension of the craft’s classification until such time as the repair is redone or evidence submitted to satisfy the Surveyor that the repair was properly carried out.

Note: The above applies also to repairs during voyage.

The above is not intended to include maintenance and overhaul to hull, machinery and equipment in accordance with the recommended manufacturer's procedures and established marine practice and which does not require Bureau approval; however, any repair as a result of such maintenance and overhauls which affects or may affect classification is to be noted in the ship's log and submitted to the Surveyor as required by 1/1.11.1a.

c Representation Nothing contained in this section or in a rule or regulation of any government or other administration, or the issuance of any report or certificate pursuant to this section or such a rule or regulation, is to be deemed to enlarge upon the representations expressed in 1/1.1.1 through 1/1.1.4 hereof and the issuance and use of any such reports or certificates are to be governed in all respects by 1/1.1.1 through 1/1.1.4 hereof.

1/1.13.2 Notification and Availability for Survey The Surveyors are to have access to classed craft at all reasonable times. For the purpose of Surveyor Monitoring, monitoring Surveyors shall also have access to classed craft at all reasonable times. Such access may include attendance at the same time as the assigned Surveyor or during a subsequent visit without the assigned Surveyor. The Owners or their representatives are to notify the Surveyors on all occasions when a craft can be examined in dry dock or on a slipway.

The Surveyors are to undertake all surveys on classed craft upon request, with adequate notification, of the Owners or their representatives and are to report thereon to the Committee. Should the Surveyors find occasion during any survey, to recommend repairs or further examination, notification is to be given immediately to the Owners or their representatives in order that appropriate action may be taken. The Surveyors are to avail themselves for every convenient opportunity for carrying out periodical surveys in conjunction with surveys of damages and repairs in order to avoid duplication of work.

1/1.13.3 Attendance at Port State Request

It is recognized that Port State authorities legally may have access to a craft. In cooperation with Port States, ABS Surveyors will attend on board a classed craft when so requested by a Port State, and upon concurrence by the craft's master will carry out a survey in order to facilitate the rectification of reported deficiencies or other discrepancies that affect or may affect classification. ABS Surveyors will also cooperate with Port States by providing inspectors with background information, if requested. Such information includes text of conditions of class, survey due dates, and certificate expiration dates.

Where appropriate, the vessel's flag state will be notified of such attendance and survey.

1/1.15 Fees

Fees in accordance with normal ABS practice will be charged for all services rendered by the Bureau. Expenses incurred by the Bureau in connections with these services will be charged in addition to the fees. Fees and expenses will be billed to the party requesting that particular service.

1/1.17 Disagreement

1/1.17.1 Guide

Any disagreement regarding either the proper interpretation of the Guide, Rules, or translation of this Guide from the English language edition, is to be referred to the Bureau for resolution.

1/1.17.2 Surveyors

In case of disagreement between the Owners or builders and the Surveyors regarding the material, workmanship, extent of repairs, or application of the Guide relating to any craft classed or proposed to be classed by this Bureau, an appeal may be made in writing to the Committee, who will order a special survey to be held. Should the opinion of the Surveyor be confirmed, the expense of this special survey is to be paid by the party appealing.

1/1.19 Limitation of Liability

The combined liability of American Bureau of Shipping, its committees, officers, employees, agents, or subcontractors for any loss, claim, or damage arising from its negligent performance or nonperformance of any of its services or from breach of any implied or express warranty of workmanlike performance in connection with those services, or from any other reason, to any person, corporation, partnership, business entity, sovereign, country or nation, will be limited to the greater of a) $100,000 or b) an amount equal to ten times the sum actually paid for the services alleged to be deficient.

The limitation of liability may be increased up to an amount twenty-five times that sum paid for services upon receipt of Client's written request at or before the time of performance of services and upon payment by Client of an additional fee of $10.00 for every $1,000.00 in the limitation.

P

ART

1

SECTION

2

Testing and Trials During Construction-Hull

Testing

1/2.1.1 General

After all hatches and watertight doors are installed, penetrations including pipe connections are fitted and before cement work or ceiling is applied over joints, all tanks and watertight bulkheads or flats are to be tested and proven tight. Refer to Table 1/2.1 for specific test requirements. Close visual examination combined with non-destructive testing may be accepted in certain areas where specially approved, as an alternative to hose testing.

1/2.1.2 Hydrostatic Testing

Unless air testing has been approved as an alternative, tanks are to be tested with a head of water to the overflow or to the highest point to which the contents may rise under service conditions, whichever is higher. This may be carried out before or after the vessel is launched. Special coatings may be applied before hydrostatic testing provided all welding at joints and penetrations is visually examined to the satisfaction of the Surveyor before special coating is applied.

Sliding watertight doors are to be tested with a head of water equivalent to the height of the bulkhead deck or freeboard deck at the maker’s works.

1/2.1.3 Air Testing

Where permitted in Table 1/2.1, air testing or combined air testing and hydrostatic testing by an approved procedure may be accepted unless the specified test is deemed necessary by the Surveyor. Where air testing is adopted, all boundary welds, erection joints, and penetrations including pipe connections are to be examined under the approved test procedure with a suitable leak indicator solution prior to the application of special coatings. Air test pressure differential should normally be 0.137 bar (0.14 kgf/cm2, 2 psi). Means are to be provided to prevent accidental overpressuring of tanks during testing. Air-pressure drop testing, i.e. checking for leaks by monitoring drop in pressure, is not an acceptable substitute for required hydrostatic or air/soap testing.

1/2.1.4 Hose Testing

Hose testing is to be carried out under simultaneous inspection of both sides of the joint. The pressure in the hose is not to be less than 2.06 bar (2.1 kgf/cm2, 30 psi).

1/2.2 Tank Tests for Structural Adequacy In order to demonstrate the structural adequacy, representative hydrostatic testing of tanks may be required in connection with the approval of the design. In general this would include at least one tank of each type of new or unusual vessel or tank design. 1/2.3 Anchor Windlass Trials

Each anchor windlass is to be tested under normal working conditions to demonstrate satisfactory operation. Each required anchor handling unit, independently, is to be tested for braking, clutch functioning, power lowering, hoisting, and proper riding of the chain through the hawsepipe, over the wildcat (chain wheel), through the chain pipe, and stowing in the chain locker. Also, it is to be demonstrated that the windlass is capable of lifting each anchor with 82.5m (45 fathoms) length of chain submerged and hanging free. Where the available water depth is insufficient, the proposed test method will be specially considered.

1/2.4 Bilge System Trials

All elements of the bilge system are to be tested to demonstrate satisfactory pumping operation, including emergency suctions and all controls. Upon completion of the trials, the bilge strainers are to be opened, cleaned and closed up in good order.

1/2.5 Steering Trials

Refer to Section 4/8.8.2 for the technical details of the steering trials.

1/2.6 Construction Welding and Fabrication For surveys of hull construction welding and fabrication, refer to Section 2/3 and the ABS "Rules for Nondestructive Inspection of Hull Welds". 1/2.7 Hull Castings and Forgings

For surveys in connection with the manufacture and testing of hull castings and forgings, refer to Section 2/1.

1/2.8 Piping

For surveys in connection with the manufacture and testing of piping, refer to Section 4/6.

TABLE 1/2.1

Initial Tank, Bulkhead and

Rudder Tightness Testing

Requirements

Item Test Method

Double Bottom Tanks Hydro Test * Deep Tanks Hydro Test * Forepeak & Afterpeak Tanks Hydro Test * Ballast Tanks, Cargo Craft Hydro Test * Forepeak Dry Space Hose Test * Duct Keels Hydro Test * Shaft Tunnels (clear of deep

tanks)

Hose Test Chain Lockers (aft of fore peak

bulkhead)

To be filled with water Hawse Pipes Hose Test

Weathertight Hatchcovers & Water/Weathertight Closing Appliances

Hose Test

Watertight Bulkheads & Flats Hose Test * Void Space Boundaries Required

to be Watertight

Hose Test * Double Plate Rudders and Skegs Hydro Test *

Note: Air test or combined air and hydrostatic testing may be

accepted for those items marked (*) under the conditions specified in 1/2.1.3. Such test may also be considered for other items where hydrotest is impracticable.

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Materials and Welding

The independent booklets, “Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding – Part 2” for steels,

irons, bronzes, etc. and “Requirements for Materials and Welding Part 2 - Aluminum, - Fiber

Reinforced Plastics (FRP)” are to be referred to. Each booklet consists of the following

Chapters/Sections:

Rule Requirements for Materials and Welding

C

*

1

Materials for Hull Construction and Equipment

2

Materials for Equipment

3

Materials for Machinery, Boilers, Pressure Vessels and Piping

4

Welding and Fabrication

Part A - Hull Construction

Part B - Boilers, Unfired Pressure Vessels, Piping and Engineering Structures

Part C - Weld Test

Appendices*

1

List of Destructive and Nondestructive Tests Required in Sections 2/1 and 2/2,

and Responsibility for Verifying

2

Requirements for Approval of Filler Metals

3

Application of ABS Filler Metals to ABS Steels

Requirements for Materials and Welding - Aluminum

- Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)

S

4

Materials for Hull Construction - Aluminum

5

Materials for Hull Construction - Fiber Reinforced Plastics (FRP)

Appendix

2/E

Aluminum Welding in Hull Construction

* The original Sections 1 through 3 have been replaced by Chapters 1 through 4. Also,

the original Appendices 2/A through 2/C have been replaced by the Appendices 1

through 3, with Appendix 2/D having been removed.

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Contents

Hull Construction and Equipment

S

1

Definitions

2

General

3

Subdivision and Stability

4

Keels, Stems, and Shaft Struts

5

Rudders

6

Primary Hull Strength

8

Design Pressures

9

Plating

10

Internals

12

Hull Structural Arrangement

14

Arrangement, Structural Details and Connections

18

Protection of Deck Openings

20

Bulwarks, Rails, Ports, Portlights, Windows, and Ventilators

21

Protective Coatings

22

Equipment

23

Welding, Forming, and Weld Design

24

Fire Safety Measures

Appendices

3/A

Guidelines in Calculating Bending Moment and Shear Force in Rudders and

Rudder Stocks

3/B

Guidance on Torsional Analysis of the cross Deck Structure of a Multi-Hull

Craft

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SECTION

1

Definitions

The following definitions of terms are to be understood (in the absence of other specifications) where they appear in the Guide.

3/1.1 Length

L is the distance in meters or feet on the summer load

line, or if applicable, the design load waterline in the displacement mode, from the fore side of the stem to the centerline of the rudder stock. For use with the Guide, L is not to be less than 96% and need not be greater than 97% of the length on the summer load line, The forward end of L is to coincide with the foreside of the stem on the waterline on which L is measured.

3/1.3 Breadth

B is the greatest molded breadth in meters or feet.

3/1.5 Depth

D is the molded depth in meters or feet, measured at

the middle of the length L, from the molded keel line to the top of the freeboard deck beams at the side of the craft. On craft with rabbeted keel construction, D is to be measured from the rabbet line, In cases where watertight bulkheads extend to a deck above the freeboard deck and are to be recorded in the Record as effective to that deck, D is to be measured to the bulkhead deck,

3/1.7 Draft for Scantlings

d is the draft, in meters or feet, measured at the middle

of the length L from the molded keel or the rabbet line at its lowest point to the estimated summer load waterline or the design load waterline in the displacement mode, whichever is greater.

3/1.9 Freeboard Deck

The freeboard deck is normally the uppermost continuous deck having permanent means for weathertight closing of all openings in its weather portions, and below which all openings in the craft side are equipped with permanent means for watertight closure. In cases where a craft is designed for a special draft considerably less than that corresponding to the least freeboard obtainable under the International Load Line Regulations, the freeboard deck for the purpose of the Rules may be taken as the lowest actual deck from which the draft can be obtained under those regulations.

3/1.11 Bulkhead Deck

The bulkhead deck is the highest deck to which watertight bulkheads extend and are made effective. 3/1.13 Strength Deck

The strength deck is the deck which forms the top of the effective hull girder at any part of its length. See Section 3/6.

3/1.15 Superstructure Deck

A superstructure deck is a deck above the freeboard deck to which the side shell plating extends or of which the sides are fitted inboard of the hull side not more than 4% of the breadth, B. Except where otherwise specified the term superstructure deck where used in the Guide refers to the first such deck above the freeboard deck

3/1.16 Superstructure

A superstructure is an enclosed structure on the main weather deck having side plating as an extension of the shell plating, or not fitted inboard of the hull side more than 4% of the breadth B.

3/1.17 Deckhouses

A deckhouse is an enclosed structure above the freeboard deck, having side plating set inboard of the hull side-shell plating more than 4% of the breadth B of the craft.

3/1.18 Displacement

The displacement ∆, is the mass displacement of the vessel in the design condition in metric tons (long tons), unless otherwise specifically noted.

3/1.19 Gross Tonnage

The measurement of the internal volume of spaces within the craft as defined by the International Convention on Tonnage Measurement of Ships, 1969. 3/1.20 Significant Wave Height

Significant wave height is the average height of the one-third highest observed wave heights over a given period.

3/1.21 Speed

Speed is the design speed in knots with the craft running ahead at the maximum continuous rated shaft rpm and at the summer load waterline. Operational speed is 90% of design speed.

3/1.22 Rabbet Line (Fiber Reinforced Plastic) The rabbet line is the line intersection between the outside of a craft’s bottom and a craft’s keel. Where there is no keel, the rabbet line is the bottom of the craft.

3/1.23 Administration

The government of the state whose flag the craft is intended to fly.

3/1.25 Passenger Craft

Any craft which carries more than twelve passengers. See also 5/1.3.

3/1.27 Cargo Craft

Any craft other than a passenger craft, which is capable of maintaining the main functions of safety systems of unaffected spaces after damage in any one compartment on board.

3/1.29 Passenger

A passenger is every person other than the master and members of the crew or other persons employed or engaged in any capacity on board a craft on the business of that craft, and a child under one year of age.

3/1.31 Place of Refuge

Any naturally or artificially sheltered area which may be used as shelter by a craft under conditions likely to endanger its safety.

3/1.33 Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (FRP)

FRP consists of two basic components: a glass-filament or other material fiber reinforcement and a plastic, or resin, in which the reinforcing material is imbedded.

3/1.33.1 Reinforcement

Reinforcement is a strong, inert material bonded into the plastic to improve its strength, stiffness and impact resistance. Reinforcements are usually fibers of glass (a lime-alumina-silicate composition having a low alkali content) or other approved material such as aramid or carbon fiber, in a woven or non-woven form, with a strong adhesive bond to the resin.

a Strand A bundle of continuous filaments

combined in a single, compact unit.

b Roving A band or ribbon of parallel strands

grouped together.

c Yarn A twisted strand or strands suitable for

weaving into a fabric.

d Binder A polyester applied in small quantities

to fibers to hold them together in mat form.

e Coupling Agent An active water soluble

chemical that allows resin to adhere to glass,

f Chopped-strand Mat A blanket of randomly

oriented chopped-glass strands held together with binder.

g Woven Roving A coarse fabric woven from

rovings.

h Cloth A fabric woven from yarn

i Peel-Ply An "E" glass fabric that does not have

any coupling agent applied, used as a protective covering on a laminate being prepared for a secondary bond to keep foreign particles from adhering to the surface.

j Uni-directional A woven or non-woven

reinforcement with substantially more fibers in one principal axis of the reinforcing ply.

k Double Biased A woven or non-woven

reinforcement with fibers primarily at + 45° to the principal axes of the reinforcing ply.

l Knitted or Stitched Fabrics Two or more layers

of unidirectional fabrics that are stitched together.

m Bi-axial Fabric A stitched or knitted

reinforcement with fibers primarily in the principal axis of the reinforcing ply.

n Tri-axial Fabric A stitched or knitted

reinforcement with fibers running in one principal axis of the ply and in addition, with fibers running at + and -45° to the warp.

o Ply Principal Axes The two principal axes of a

reinforcing ply are the axis that is parallel to the warp and the axis that is parallel to the fill.

p Warp The roving or yarn running lengthwise in

woven fabric (in the “roll direction”).

q Fill, Weft or Woof The roving or yarn running

at right angles to the warp in a woven fabric.

r “E” glass A family of glass reinforcement

material of aluminoborosilicate composition and having high electrical resistivity.

s “S” glass A family of glass reinforcement

material of magnesium aluminosilicate composition that contains a higher silicon content and provides higher strength and stiffness properties than “E” glass.

t Kevlar An aramid fiber reinforcement.

u Carbon Fiber A reinforcement material made

of mostly carbon produced by the pyrolysis of organic precursor fibers in an inert environment.

3/1.33.2 Resin

Resin is a highly reactive synthetic that in its initial stage is a liquid, but upon activation is transformed into a solid.

a Accelerator A material that, when mixed with

b Additive A substance added to another

substance, usually to improve properties, such as plasticizers, initiators, light stabilizers and flame retardants.

c Catalyst or Initiator A material that is used to

activate resin, causing it to harden.

d Crazing Hairline cracks, either within or on the

surface of resin, caused by mechanical or thermal stresses.

e Cure To change resin from a liquid to a solid. f Cure time The time required for resin to change

from a liquid to a solid after a catalyst has been added.

g Exothermic Heat The heat given off as the

result of the action of a catalyst on resin.

h Filler A material added to resin to modify its

working properties or other qualities, or to lower costs.

i Gel A partially cured resin in a semi-solid state

similar to gelatin in consistency.

j Gel Time The time required to change a

flowable, liquid resin into a nonflowing gel.

k Inhibitor A material that retards activation or

initiation of resin, thus extending shelf life or influencing exothermic heat or gel time.

l Polymerization The reaction that takes place

when resin is activated or initiated.

m Pot Life The length of time that a catalyzed

resin remains workable.

n Shelf Life The length of time that an

uncatalyzed resin maintains its working properties while stored in a tightly sealed, opaque container.

o Tack The degree of stickiness of the resin. p Thixotropy The property or phenomenon,

exhibited by some resins, of becoming jelly-like at rest but becoming fluid again when stirred or agitated. This facilitates the application of the resin to inclined or vertical surfaces.

q Polyester Resin A thermosetting resin that is

formed by combining saturated and unsaturated organic acids. Such as otrhophthalic and isophthalic acids.

r Vinylester Resin A thermosetting resin that

consists of a polymer chain and an acrylate or methacrylate termination.

s Epoxy A resin that contains one or more of the

epoxide groups. 3/1.33.3 Laminate

A laminate is a material composed of successive bonded layers, or plies, of resin and fiber or other reinforcing substances.

a Bi-directional Laminate A laminate having

essentially the same strength and elastic properties in the two in plane principal axes. Bi-directional laminates may be constructed of bi-axial, double bias, tri-axial, mat or unidirectional reinforcing layers, or a combination of any of these.

b Uni-directional Laminate A laminate with

substantially more of the fibers in the plane of the laminate oriented in one of the two principal axis of the laminate plane so that the mechanical properties along that axis are appreciably higher than along the other natural axis.

c Sandwich Laminate A laminate consisting of

two fiber reinforced plastic skins attached to a non-structural or non-structural core (see 3/1.33.4 Encapsulation),

d Barcol Hardness A measurement of the

hardness of a laminate and thereby the degree of completion of the cure.

e Delamination The separation of the layers of

material in a laminate.

f Gel Coat The first resin applied to mold when

fabricating a laminate to provide a smooth protective surface for the laminate.

g Layup The process of applying to a mold the

layers of resin and reinforcing materials that make up a laminate. These materials are then compressed or densified with a roller or squeegee to eliminate entrapped air and to spread resin evenly. Also a description of the component materials and geometry of a laminate.

h Peel Ply A partially impregnated, lightly

bonded layer of glass, cloth or woven roving used to protect a laminate in anticipation of secondary bonding, providing a clean, fresh bonding surface.

i Secondary Bonding The practice of bonding

fresh material to a cured or partially cured laminate.

j Verified Minimum Mechanical Property The

mechanical properties, in 2/5, of laminates differing from the basic, verified by the appropriate test(s) listed in Table 2/5.1.

k Laminate Principal Axes The two principal

axes of a square or rectangular plate panel are for the application of this Guide those perpendicular and parallel to the plate panel edges.

1 Vacuum Bagging A method used to apply a

uniform pressure over an area by applying a vacuum to that area.

m Resin Impregnation A process of construction

for large layers of fabric that consists of running a roll of fabric through a resin bath to completely saturate the fabric.

n Resin Transfer Molding A closed mold method

that mechanically pumps resin through dry fabric previously placed in the mold.

o Resin Infusion A method of FRP construction

that uses a vacuum (from a vacuum bag) to pull catalyzed resin through dry fabric.

p Primary Bond The bond that is formed between

two laminated surfaces when the resin on both surfaces has not yet cured.

q Secondary Bond The bond that is formed

between two laminated surfaces when the resin on one of the two surfaces has cured.

r Post Cure The act of placing a laminate in an

autoclave and raising the temperature to assist in the cure cycle of the resin.

s Autoclave A large oven used in post curing

large laminated parts. 3/1.33.4 Encapsulation

The containment of a core material such as softwoods, plywood, balsa, PVC (cross linked), or linear polymer within FRP laminates. The cores may be structurally effective or ineffective.

a Bedding Putty Material used to adhere the core

material to the FRP skins.

b Scores Slits cut into the core material to aid in

forming the core to complex shapes. 3/1.35 Units

These Rules are written in three systems of units SI units, MKS units and US customary units. Each system is to be used independently of any other system.

The format of presentation in the Guide of the three systems of units is as follows:

SI units (MKS units, US customary units) unless indicated otherwise.

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ART

3

SECTION

2

General

This Guide is intended for welded craft constructed of steel, welded craft constructed of aluminum, and fiber reinforced plastic (FRP) craft; complying with the requirements of section 2/1, 2/4, and 2/5 respectively. The use of materials other than those specified in 2/1, 2/4, and 2/5 and the corresponding scantlings will be specially considered.

3/2.1.1 Selection of Material Grade

For craft 61 m (200 ft) and over in length, steel materials are not to be lower grades than those required by Table 3/2.1b for the material class given in Table 3/2.1a for the particular location.

3/2.1.2 Note for the Users

The attention of users is drawn to the fact that, when fatigue loading is present, the effective strength of higher-strength steel in a welded construction may not be greater than that of ordinary-strength steel. Precautions against corrosion fatigue may also be necessary.

3/2.3 Workmanship

All workmanship is to be of commercial marine quality and acceptable to the Surveyor. Welding is to be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 2/3, 2/E and 3/23.

3/2.5 Design

3/2.5.1 Continuity

Care is to be taken to provide structural continuity. Changes in scantlings are to be gradual. Strength members are not to change direction abruptly. Where primary structural members terminate at another structural member, tapering of the primary member may be required beyond the other structural member. Stanchions and bulkheads are to be aligned to provide support and to minimize eccentric loading. Major appendages outside the hull and strength bulkheads in superstructures are to be aligned with major structural members within the hull

3/2.5.2 Openings

The structural arrangements and details are to be in accordance with Section 3/14. In general, major openings such as doors, hatches, and large vent ducts are to be avoided in the hull in close proximity to the gunwale. Corners of openings in strength structures are to have generous radii. Compensation may be required for openings.

3/2.5.3 Brackets

a Steel BracketsWhere brackets are fitted having thicknesses as required by Table 3/2.1 and faces at approximately 45 degrees with the bulkhead deck or shell and the bracket is supported by a bulkhead, deck or shell structural member, the length of each member, l, may be measured at a point 25% of the extent of the bracket beyond the toe of the bracket as shown in Figure 3/2.1. The minimum overlap of the bracket arm along the stiffener is not to be less than obtained from the following equation.

x = 1.4y +30 mm x = 1.4y + 1.2 in.

x = length of overlap along stiffener in mm or in. y = depth of stiffener in mm or in.

Where a bracket laps a member, the amount of overlap generally is to be 25.5 mm (1 in.).

b Aluminum Brackets Aluminum brackets are to comply with 3/2.5.3a except that the thicknesses given in Table 3/2.1 are to be multiplied by 1.45 for the same length of face.

3/2.5.4 Structural Design Details

The designer is to give consideration to the following: a The thickness of internals in locations susceptible to rapid corrosion.

b The proportions of built-up members to comply with established standards for buckling strength.

c The design of structural details such as noted below, against the harmful effects of stress concentrations and notches:

1 Details of the ends, the intersections of members and associated brackets.

2 Shape and location of air, drainage or lightening holes.

3 Shape and reinforcement of slots or cut-outs for internals.

4 Elimination or closing of weld scallops in way of butts, “softening” of bracket toes, reducing abrupt changes of section or structural discontinuities.

d Proportions and thickness of structural members to reduce fatigue response due to engine, propeller or wave-induced cyclic stresses, particularly for higher-strength steels.

Standard construction details based on the above considerations are to be indicated on the plans or in a booklet submitted for review and comment.

3/2.5.5 Termination of Structural Members Unless permitted elsewhere in the Guide, structural members are to be effectively connected to the adjacent structures in such a manner to avoid hard spots, notches and other harmful stress concentrations. Where members are not required to be attached at their ends, special attention is to be given to the end taper, by using soft-toed concave brackets or by a sniped end of not more than 30°. Bracket toes or sniped ends are to be kept within 25 mm (1.0 in.) of the adjacent member and the depth at the toe or snipe end is generally not to exceed 15 mm (0.60 in.). Where a strength deck or shell longitudinal terminates without end attachment it is to extend into the adjacent transversely framed structure or stop at a local transverse member fitted at about one transverse frame space beyond the last floor or web that supports the longitudinal.

3/2.7 Effective width of plating

The section modulus and moment of inertia of stiffening members are provided by the member and a portion of the plating to which it is attached. The effective width is as given in the following sub-sections. The section modulus and moment of inertia of a shape, bar, fabricated section, or layed-up member not attached to plating is that of the member only.

3/2.7.1 FRP Laminates

Where the plating is an FRP single-skin laminate, the maximum effective width of plating for floors, frames, beams and bulkhead stiffeners is not to exceed either the stiffening member spacing or the width obtained from the following equation, whichever is less. See Figure 3/2.2.

w = 18t + b where:

w = effective width of plating in mm or in.

t = thickness of single skin plating in mm or in.

b = net width of stiffening member in mm or in., but not more than 18t

Where the plating is an FRP sandwich laminate with a flexurally and compressively ineffective (balsa, cross linked PVC, or linear polymer) core, t in the above equation is the thickness of a single skin laminate having the same moment of inertia per unit width as the two skins of the sandwich about the neutral axis of the sandwich, excluding the core.

For a stiffening member along an opening, the maximum effective width of plating is equal to either one-half the stiffening member spacing or the width obtained from the following equation, whichever is less.

w = 9t + b

where w, t and b are as defined above. 3/2.7.2 Steel and Aluminum Plating

a Primary Structural Members The effective

width of plating for deep supporting members is to equal to the lesser of either one half the sum of spacing on each side of the member, 0.33 time the unsupported span, l, or 750mm (30 in). For girders and webs along hatch openings the effective width of plating is to be half of that obtained from the above. Due account is to be taken in regards to plate buckling, see 3/9.1.1

b All Other Structural Members The maximum

effective width of plating is equal to either one-half the sum of spacing on each side of the member or the width obtained from the following equation, whichever is less.

Steel Members: w = 80t

Aluminum Members: w = 60t

w = effective width of plating in mm or in.

t = thickness of single skin plating in mm or in.

For a stiffening member along an opening, the maximum effective width of plating is one-half of the effective width given above.

TABLE 3/2.1a

Material Class of Structural Members

Structural member Within 0.4L Amidships Outside 0.4L Amidships Material Class (1) or Grade Material Class or Grade Shell

Bottom plating including keel plate Bilge strake

Side plating

Sheer strake at strength deck (5)

Class II Class III (2),(3) Class I Class III (3) Grade A(7)/AH Class II (4) Grade A(7)/AH Class II (4) Decks

Strength deck plating (6)

Stringer plate in strength deck (5) Strength deck plating within line of

hatches, and exposed to weather in general Class II Class III (3) Class I Grade A(7)/AH Class II (4) Grade A(7)/AH Longitudinal Bulkhead

Lowest strake in single bottom vessels Uppermost strake including that of the

top wing tank

Class I Class II

Grade A(7)/AH Grade A(7)/AH Other Structures in General

External continuous longitudinal

members (excluding longitudinal hatch coamings) and bilge keels

Stern frames, rudder horns, rudders, and shaft brackets

Strength members not referred to in above categories and above local structures Class II – Grade A(7)/AH Grade A(7)/AH Class I Grade A(7)/AH Notes

1 Special consideration will be given to vessels in restricted service. 2 May be class II in vessels with a double bottom over the full breadth B.

3 Single strakes required to be of material class III or E/EH are to have breadths not less than 800 + 5L mm (31.5 + 0.06L in.), but need not exceed 1800 mm (71 in.).

4 May be class I outside 0.6L amidships.

5 A radius gunwale plate may be considered to meet the requirements for both the stringer plate and the sheerstrake, provided it extends a suitable distance inboard and vertically. For formed material see 2-4-1/3.13

6 Plating at the corners of large hatch openings, is to be specially considered.

7 ASTM A36 steel otherwise tested and certified to the satisfaction of ABS may be used in lieu of Grade A for a thickness up to and including 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) for plate and up to and including 40 mm (1.57 in.) for sections.

TABLE 3/2.1b Material Grades Material Class Thickness t mm (in.) _{I II III} t ≤ 15 (t ≤ 0.60) A(2), AH A, AH A, AH 15 < t ≤ 20 (0.60 < t ≤ 0.79) A, AH A, AH B, AH 20 < t ≤ 25 (0.79 < t ≤ 0.98) A, AH B, AH D, DH 25 < t ≤ 30 (0.98 < t ≤ 1.18) A, AH D, DH D (1), DH 30 < t ≤ 35 (1.18 < t ≤ 1.38) B, AH D, DH E, EH 35 < t ≤ 40 (1.38 < t ≤ 1.57) B, AH D, DH E, EH 40 < t ≤ 51 (1.57 < t ≤ 2.00) D, DH E, EH E, EH Notes

1 Grade D, of these thicknesses, is to be normalized. 2 ASTM A36 steel otherwise tested and certified to the

satisfaction of ABS may be used in lieu of Grade A for a thickness up to and including 12.5 mm (0.5 in.) for plate and up to and including 40 mm (1.57 in.) for sections.

FIGURE 3/2.1

Bracket

TABLE 3/2.1

Brackets (Steel)

Thickness

Length of Face f, mm Millimeters Width of Flange, mm

Plain Flanged Not exceeding 305 5.0 --- --Over 305 to 455 6.5 5.0 38 Over 455 to 660 8.0 6.5 50 Over 660 to 915 11.0 8.0 63 Over 915 to 1370 14.0 9.5 75

Thickness

Length of Face f, in. Inches Width of Flange, in.

Plain Flanged Not exceeding 12 3/16 -- --Over 12 to 18 1/4 3/16 1 ½ Over 18 to 26 5/16 1/4 2 Over 26 to 36 7/16 5/16 2 ½ Over 36 to 54 9/16 3/8 3

FIGURE 3/2.2