Modul Kimia SPM A+ 2014

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MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015

KERTAS 2

[100 markah]

KELAS INTENSIF

Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Kimia A+

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

M.Sc. Ed USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS

REACTIONS

KADAR TINDA

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CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS

Kadar Ti

Kadar Ti ndak Balasndak Balas

A

A Rate Rate of of ReactionReaction

Kadar ti

Kadar ti ndak balasndak balas Activity

Activity 1: 1: What What is is rate rate of of reaction?reaction?

Apa itu

Apa itu kadar tikadar ti ndak balasndak balas??

Rate of reaction is the ……… at which

Rate of reaction is the ……… at which reactantsreactants are converted into .………are converted into .……… in ain a chemical reaction.

chemical reaction. Kadar tinda

Kadar tindak balas bek balas berlaku dengrlaku denganan ………..……….. di mana bahan tindak balas ditukar ke di mana bahan tindak balas ditukar ke dalamdalam ………..

……….. tindak balas kimia. tindak balas kimia.

The rate of reactio

The rate of reactio n is a measurement of the change in the quantity of ……….n is a measurement of the change in the quantity of ………. oror ………. against time.

………. against time. Kadar tinda

Kadar tindak balas adk balas adalah ukuran alah ukuran perubahan dperubahan dalam kuantitalam kuantitii ………..……….. atauatau ……… dalam satu unit masa.

……… dalam satu unit masa.

Activity 2: Determine the slow and fast reactions Activity 2: Determine the slow and fast reactions

Tentuk

Tentuk an tian ti ndak balas ndak balas peperrll ahan dan ceahan dan cepatpat

[6 markah] [6 markah]

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Activity

Activity 3: 3: Observable changes Observable changes for for measuring measuring the the rate rate of of reactionreaction Perubahan y

Perubahan yang dapat dang dapat diperhatikan iperhatikan untuk menguuntuk mengukur kadkur kadar tindak baar tindak balaslas The change in amount of reactant / product that can be measured by:

The change in amount of reactant / product that can be measured by: Perubahan da

Perubahan dalam jumlah blam jumlah bahan tindak ahan tindak balas / hasbalas / hasil yang boleil yang boleh diukur h diukur oleh:oleh:

For each of the reactions below, write a chemical equation and state the observable change/changes For each of the reactions below, write a chemical equation and state the observable change/changes can be used as selected quantities to measure the rate of reaction:

can be used as selected quantities to measure the rate of reaction: Bagi setiap

Bagi setiap tindak balas tindak balas berikut, berikut, tuliskan satuliskan satu persamaatu persamaan kimia dan n kimia dan nyatakan pnyatakan perubahan erubahan yang dapayang dapat diperhatikt diperhatikan/an/ perubahan y

perubahan yang boleh dang boleh digunakan sigunakan sebagai kuaebagai kuantiti untuk ntiti untuk mengukur kmengukur kadar tindak adar tindak balas:balas:

Example 1: The reaction between marble chip with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas and Example 1: The reaction between marble chip with hydrochloric acid to produce carbon dioxide gas and

chloride salt. chloride salt.

Tindak balas antara serpihan marmar

Tindak balas antara serpihan marmar dengan asid hidroklorik untuk menghasilkan gas karbondengan asid hidroklorik untuk menghasilkan gas karbon dioksida dan garam klorida.

dioksida dan garam klorida.

Chemical Equation: ………. Chemical Equation: ………. Persamaan k

Persamaan kimiaimia Changes:

Changes: (i)

(i) ………...………(reactants/(reactants/ bahan tindak balasbahan tindak balas)) (ii)

(ii) ………..………..(product/(product/ hasil hasil ))

Example 2: Reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution with sulphuric acid to produce yellow Example 2: Reaction between sodium thiosulphate solution with sulphuric acid to produce yellow

precipitate of sulphur, water, sulphur dioxide and sodium sulphate solution. precipitate of sulphur, water, sulphur dioxide and sodium sulphate solution. Tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat

Tindak balas antara larutan natrium tiosulfat dengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan mendakandengan asid sulfurik untuk menghasilkan mendakan kuning sulfur, air, sulfur

kuning sulfur, air, sulfur dioksida dan larutan natrium sulfat.dioksida dan larutan natrium sulfat.

Chemical equ

Chemical equation: ………..ation: ……….. Change:

Change:

•• ……….. in the mass of……….. in the mass of reactant

reactant ...

... jisim bahan tindak jisim bahan tindak balas

balas

•• ……….. in mass of product……….. in mass of product ...

... jisim hasil jisim hasil tindaktindak balas

balas

•• ……….. in volume of gas……….. in volume of gas released

released ...

... isi padu gas yangisi padu gas yang dibebaskan dibebaskan • • ……….. ……….. of of precipitateprecipitate ... ... mendakanmendakan sebagai has

sebagai hasil tindak bil tindak balasalas

•• Change Change in in pH, pH, temperature temperature or or electricalelectrical conductivity

conductivity Perubahan pH

Perubahan pH, suhu atau , suhu atau kekondukekonduksian elekksian elektriktrik

•• ……….. pressure……….. pressure ………

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Example 3: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas. Example 3: Decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to produce water and oxygen gas.

Penguraian

Penguraian hidrogen hidrogen peroksida peroksida untuk menguntuk menghasilkan aihasilkan air dan gas okr dan gas oksigen.sigen.

Chemical equation: ……….. Chemical equation: ……….. Change:

Change: (i)

(i) ……… (product……… (product / / hasil hasil ))

Activity

Activity 4: 4: Measusement of Measusement of the the Rate Rate of of Reaction.Reaction.

Pe

Pengukunguku rr an Kadaan Kadar Tr T inin dadak Balk Bal asas

Average Rage of Reaction

Average Rage of Reaction// Kadar Tind Kadar Tindak Balas Pak Balas Purataurata

Instantaneous Rate of Reaction = Gradient of the graph Instantaneous Rate of Reaction = Gradient of the graph Kadar Tinda

Kadar Tindak Balas Pk Balas Pada Masa Tada Masa Tertentu = ertentu = kecerukecerunan tangen nan tangen pada grafpada graf

The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid, The reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid, HCl release 25 cm

HCl release 25 cm33 of hydrogen gas and the gas is of hydrogen gas and the gas is collected in 60 seconds.

collected in 60 seconds.

Tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl Tindak balas antara zink dengan asid hidroklorik, HCl membebaskan 25 cm

membebaskan 25 cm33 gas hidrogen dan gas gas hidrogen dan gas dikumpulkan dalam masa 60 saat.

dikumpulkan dalam masa 60 saat.

0.2 g of magnesium ribbon reacts completely with 0.2 g of magnesium ribbon reacts completely with dilute hydrochloric acid in 40 seconds. What is the dilute hydrochloric acid in 40 seconds. What is the rate of reaction?

rate of reaction?

0.2 g pita magnesium bertindak balas sepenuhnya 0.2 g pita magnesium bertindak balas sepenuhnya dengan asid hidroklorik cair dalam 40 saat. Berapakah dengan asid hidroklorik cair dalam 40 saat. Berapakah kadar tindak balas?

kadar tindak balas?

Calculate the average rate of reaction for the Calculate the average rate of reaction for the reaction between 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm

reaction between 2.6 g of zinc and 50 cm33 of 1.0 of 1.0 mol dm

mol dm-3-3 hydrochloric acid. hydrochloric acid. Hitung

Hitung kadar kadar tindak tindak balas balas purata purata bagi bagi tindak tindak balasbalas antara 2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm

antara 2.6 g zink dengan 50 cm33 asid hidroklorik 1.0 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol

mol-3-3..

Calculate the average rate? /

Calculate the average rate? / hitung kadar tindakhitung kadar tindak balas purata? balas purata? Time Time 0 0 20 20 40 40 80 80 120120 Mass of Mass of CaCo CaCo33 0.0 0.0 0.048 0.048 0.116 0.116 0.164 0.164 0.1640.164 Rate

Rate of of reaction reaction = = Change Change in in quantity quantity of of reactant reactant or or Product Product // perubahan b perubahan bahan tindak ahan tindak balas atau balas atau hasilhasil Kadar tinda

Kadar tindak balask balas Time Time taken/taken/ masa diambil masa diambil

Instantaneous rate = Change of volume in y axis /

Instantaneous rate = Change of volume in y axis / perubahan i perubahan isi padu paksi padu paksi ysi y Change of volume in x axis /

Change of volume in x axis / perubahan isi padu pa perubahan isi padu paksi xksi x

V V22 – –VV11

T T22 – – T T11

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The results for the experiment of decomposition of hydrogen gas liberated are given below. The results for the experiment of decomposition of hydrogen gas liberated are given below. Keputusan

Keputusan eksperimeeksperimen tentang n tentang penguraian gapenguraian gas hidrogen s hidrogen dibebaskan dibebaskan seperti yseperti yang ditunang ditunjukkan di jukkan di bawah.bawah.

Time Time (s) (s) 0 0 30 30 60 60 90 90 120 120 150 150 180 180 210 210 240 240 270 270 300 300 330 330 360360 Volume of Volume of gas liberated gas liberated (cm (cm33)) 0 0 7.50 11.75 7.50 11.75 14.50 14.50 16.50 16.50 18.25 18.25 19.75 19.75 21.00 21.00 21.75 21.75 22.50 22.50 23.25 23.25 23.75 23.75 24.0024.00

Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 2 Calculate the average rate of reaction in the first 2 minutes.

minutes.

Kirakan kadar tindak

Kirakan kadar tindak balas purata dalam balas purata dalam masa 2 masa 2 minitminit pertama.

pertama.

Calculate the average rate of reaction in the Calculate the average rate of reaction in the second minute.

second minute. Kirakan k

Kirakan kadar tindak adar tindak balas purata balas purata dalam minit dalam minit kedua.kedua.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 30 Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 30 seconds.

seconds. Kira kadar ti

Kira kadar tindak balas padndak balas pada masa tertena masa tertentu dalam masatu dalam masa 30 saat.

30 saat.

Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 90 Calculate the instantaneous rate of reaction at 90 seconds.

seconds. Kira kadar ti

Kira kadar tindak balas pandak balas pada masa terteda masa tertentu dalam masantu dalam masa 90 saat.

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A graph o

A graph of the vof the volume of hylume of hydrogen gadrogen gas liberates liberated against d against timetime Graf isi padu gas

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B

B FACTORS FACTORS AFFECTING AFFECTING THE THE RATE RATE OF OF REACTIONREACTION

F

F aktor-faktor-f aktor yang meaktor yang mempempengarungaru hi hi kadakadar tr t inin dak badak balaslas

Activity

Activity 6: 6: Factors Factors affecting affecting the the rate rate of of reaction.reaction.

F

F aktor-faktor-f aktor yang meaktor yang mempempengaruhngaruh i ki k adaadar tr t inin dadak balask balas..

State five factors that affect the rate of reaction /

State five factors that affect the rate of reaction / Nyataka Nyatakan n lima lima faktor faktor yang yang mempengaruhmempengaruhi i kadar kadar tindaktindak balas: balas: (a) ………. (a) ………. (b) ………..(b) ……….. (c) ………. (c) ………. (d) ………..(d) ……….. (e) ………. (e) ………. Activity

Activity 7: 7: What What is is catalyst?catalyst? Apa itu pemangkinApa itu pemangkin ? ?

State three characteristics of the catalyst

State three characteristics of the catalyst //NyaNyatakatakan tin ti ga cga cirir i-ciri-cir i i pepemangmangkinkin : :

1. 1. 2. 2. 3. 3.

Industrial applications of Catalysts Industrial applications of Catalysts

Pe

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Activity 8: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and concentration of reaction Activity 8: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and concentration of reaction

Bentu

Bentu k lk leengkungku ng beng berr gantungantun g keg kepada pada iissi padu dan ki padu dan k eepepekatan tikatan ti ndak balasndak balas

Experiment

Experiment Initial Initial rate rate of of reactionreaction

Kadar

Kadar titi ndak balas andak balas awal wal

Maximum volume of Maximum volume of

hydrogen gas hydrogen gas

II ssi padu maksimui padu maksimu m gasm gas hidrogen hidrogen Graph Graph Set I Set I 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 50 cm powder + 50 cm33 ofof 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 50 cm + 50 cm33 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl Set II Set II 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 30 cm powder + 30 cm33 ofof 0.20 mol dm 0.20 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan +30 cm +30 cm33 0.20 mol dm 0.20 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl

The initial rate of set I is l The initial rate of set I is l …………..

………….. than that of than that of set II.

set II. Kadar

Kadar awal awal set set I I adalahadalah lebih

lebih ……….………. daripada daripada set II.

set II.

This is because the This is because the concentration of HCl in concentration of HCl in set I is

set I is ………..……….. than thatthan that in set II.

in set II. Kerana

Kerana kepekatakepekatan n HClHCl dalam set I adalah lebih dalam set I adalah lebih ………..

……….. daripada set daripada set II.

II.

Zinc is excess. Zinc is excess. zink berle

zink berlebihan.bihan. Set I Set I = ……….. = ……….. Set II Set II =……… =………

The number of mole HCl in The number of mole HCl in set I is l

set I is l ……… than that in than that in set II.

set II.

Bilangan mol

Bilangan mol HCl dalam HCl dalam set Iset I adalah lebih

adalah lebih ……… daripada set II.

daripada set II.

Hence, maximum volume of Hence, maximum volume of H

H22 released in set I is released in set I is

………..

……….. than that in set II. than that in set II. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum H

H 22 dibebaskan dalam set I dibebaskan dalam set I

adalah lebih

adalah lebih ………..……….. daripada daripada set II. set II. Set I Set I 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 50 cm powder + 50 cm33 ofof 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 50 cm + 50 cm33 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl Set III Set III 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 150 cm powder + 150 cm33 ofof 0.05 mol dm 0.05 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 150 cm + 150 cm33 0.05 mol dm 0.05 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl

The initial rate of set I is The initial rate of set I is …………..

………….. than that of than that of set III.

set III. Kadar

lebih …………..………….. daripada daripada set III.

set III.

set I is …………..………….. than than that in set III.

that in set III. Kerana

Kerana kepekatakepekatan n HClHCl dalam set I adalah lebih dalam set I adalah lebih …………..

………….. daripada set III. daripada set III.

zink berlebihan.bihan.

Set I = ……….. Set I = ……….. Set II = ………..………. Set II = ………..………. The number of mole HCl in The number of mole HCl in set I is

set I is ……… than that than that in set III.

in set III. Bilangan mol

Bilangan mol HCl dalam HCl dalam set Iset I adalah lebih

adalah lebih ……….………. daripada set III.

daripada set III.

H22 released in set I is released in set I is

……….

………. than that in set than that in set III.

III.

Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum H

adalah lebih

adalah lebih ………..……….. daripada set III.

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Set I Set I 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 50 cm powder + 50 cm33 ofof 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 50 cm + 50 cm33 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl Set IV Set IV 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 25 cm powder + 25 cm33 ofof 0.15 mol dm 0.15 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 25 cm + 25 cm33 0.15 mol dm 0.15 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl

………….. than that of than that of set IV.

set IV. Kadar

lebih …………..………….. daripada daripada set IV.

set IV.

set I is …………..………….. than than that in set IV.

that in set IV. Kerana

………….. daripada set IV. daripada set IV.

zink berlebihan.bihan. Set I Set I = ……….. = ……….. Set IV Set IV =……… =………

The number of mole HCl in The number of mole HCl in set I is ………… than that set I is ………… than that in in set IV.

set IV.

Bilangan mol

Bilangan mol HCl dalam HCl dalam set Iset I adalah lebih ……… adalah lebih ……… daripada set IV.

daripada set IV.

H22 released in set I is l released in set I is l

…………

………… than that in set IV. than that in set IV. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum H

adalah lebih

adalah lebih ……… daripada set IV.

daripada set IV. Set I Set I 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 50 cm powder + 50 cm33 ofof 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 50 cm + 50 cm33 0.10 mol dm 0.10 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl Set V Set V 1 g of excess Zn 1 g of excess Zn powder + 100 cm powder + 100 cm33 ofof 0.05 mol dm 0.05 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan 1 g serbuk Zn berlebihan + 100 cm + 100 cm33 0.05 mol dm 0.05 mol dm-3-3 HCl HCl

………….. than that of than that of set V.

set V. Kadar

lebih …………..…………..daripadadaripada set V.

set V.

set I is …………..………….. than than that in set V.

that in set V. Kerana

………….. daripada set V. daripada set V.

zink berlebihan.bihan. Set I Set I = ……….. = ……….. Set V Set V =……… =………

The number of mole HCl in The number of mole HCl in set I is ………… than that in set I is ………… than that in set V.

set V.

Bilangan mol

Bilangan mol HCl dalam HCl dalam set Iset I adalah lebih ……… adalah lebih ……… daripada set V.

daripada set V.

H22 released in set I is l released in set I is l

……… than that in set ……… than that in set V.

V.

Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum H

adalah lebih

adalah lebih ………..……….. daripada set V.

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Activity 9: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and temperature of reaction Activity 9: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and temperature of reaction

Bentu

Bentu k lk leengkungku ng beng berr gantungantun g keg kepada pada iissi padu dan si padu dan suhuh u tiu ti ndak balasndak balas

Experiment

Experiment Initial Initial rate rate of of reactionreaction Kadar tindakKadar tindak bal

balas as awal awal

Maximum volume of carbon dioxide Maximum volume of carbon dioxide

gas liberated gas liberated

II ssi padu maksi padu maksiimum gas mum gas karkar bon dioksidabon dioksida dibebaskan dibebaskan Set I Set I 3 g of excess marble 3 g of excess marble chips + 50 cm chips + 50 cm33 of 0.5 of 0.5 mol dm

mol dm-3-3 nitric acid at nitric acid at temperature of 27.0 temperature of 27.0ooCC 3 g ketulan marmar 3 g ketulan marmar berlebihan + 50 cm berlebihan + 50 cm33 0.5 0.5 mol dm

mol dm-3-3 asid nitrik asid nitrik pada suhu 27. pada suhu 27.00ooCC Set II Set II 3 g of excess marble 3 g of excess marble chips + 50 cm chips + 50 cm33 of 0.5 of 0.5 mol

dm-mol dm-33 nitric nitric acid acid inin hot water bath a hot water bath a

constant at constant at temperature of 60.0 temperature of 60.0ooCC 3 g ketulan marmar 3 g ketulan marmar berlebihan + 50 cm berlebihan + 50 cm33 0.5 0.5 mol dm

mol dm-3-3 asid nitrik asid nitrik dalam air panas yang dalam air panas yang tetap pada suhu 60.0 tetap pada suhu 60.0ooCC

The initial rate of set I is l ………….. The initial rate of set I is l ………….. than that of set II.

than that of set II. Kadar awal

Kadar awal set I set I adalah lebih ……….adalah lebih ………. daripada set II.

daripada set II.

This is because the temperature of the This is because the temperature of the reaction f

reaction f or set I is ………or set I is ……… than that for set II

than that for set II

kerana suhu tindak balas bagi set I adalah kerana suhu tindak balas bagi set I adalah lebih ………. daripada set II

lebih ………. daripada set II

Marble chips are excess. Marble chips are excess. Ketulan mar

Ketulan marmar berlebmar berlebihan.ihan. Set I Set I = ……….. = ……….. Set II Set II =……… =………

Quantities of marble and nitric acid used, Quantities of marble and nitric acid used, in mol, in both sets I and II are the in mol, in both sets I and II are the ……….

………. Kuantiti

Kuantiti marmar marmar dan dan asid asid nitrik nitrik digunakan,digunakan, dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah ...

...

Hence, maximum volume of carbon Hence, maximum volume of carbon dioxide gas liberated in both sets I and II dioxide gas liberated in both sets I and II are the ………

are the ………

Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas karbon Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas karbon dioksida dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dioksida dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dan II adalah ...

dan II adalah ... Graph

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Activity 10: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and catalyst of reaction Activity 10: Shapes of curve depend on the volume and catalyst of reaction

Bentu

Bentu k lengkunk lengkun g bg beerr gantungantun g keg kepada pada iissi padu dan pei padu dan pemangkimangki n tin ti ndak balasndak balas

Experiment

Experiment Initial Initial rate rate of of reactionreaction Kadar tindakKadar tindak bal

bal as as awal awal

Maximum volume of hydrogen gas Maximum volume of hydrogen gas

liberated liberated

II ssi i padu makspadu maksimim um gas hydrogeum gas hydrogen din di bebebasbaskankan

Set I Set I 2 g of granulated zinc 2 g of granulated zinc + 25 cm + 25 cm33 of 0.1 mol of 0.1 mol dm dm-3-3 of of copper(II)copper(II) sulphate solution. sulphate solution. 2 g pasir zink + 25 cm 2 g pasir zink + 25 cm33 0.1 mol dm

0.1 mol dm-3-3 larutan larutan kuprum (II) sulfat.

kuprum (II) sulfat.

Set II Set II

2 g of granulated zinc 2 g of granulated zinc + cm

+ cm33 of 0.1 mol dm of 0.1 mol dm -3-3 hydrochloric

hydrochloric

2 g pasir zink + 25 cm 2 g pasir zink + 25 cm33 0.1 mol dm-3

0.1 mol dm-3 hidroklorikhidroklorik

The initial rate of set I is l ………….. The initial rate of set I is l ………….. than that of set II.

than that of set II. K

K adar awal set I adalah lebih ……….adar awal set I adalah lebih ………. daripada set II.

daripada set II.

This is because copper(II) sulphate This is because copper(II) sulphate solution in set I acts as a catalyst to solution in set I acts as a catalyst to speed up the reaction.

speed up the reaction.

kerana larutan kuprum (II) sulfat dalam kerana larutan kuprum (II) sulfat dalam set

set I I bertindak bertindak sebagai sebagai pemangkin pemangkin untukuntuk mempercepatkan tindak balas

mempercepatkan tindak balas

.The use of copper(II) sulphate as a .The use of copper(II) sulphate as a catalyst does not change the amount catalyst does not change the amount of products formed.

of products formed. Penggunaan

Penggunaan kuprum kuprum (II) (II) sulfat sulfat sebagaisebagai pemangkin

pemangkin tidak tidak mengubah mengubah jumlah jumlah hasilhasil yang terbe

yang terbentuk.ntuk.

Marble chips are excess. Marble chips are excess. Ketulan ma

Ketulan marmar berlermar berlebihan.bihan. Set I Set I = ……….. = ……….. Set II Set II =……… =………

Quantities of zinc and hydrochloric acid Quantities of zinc and hydrochloric acid used, in mol, in both sets I and II are the used, in mol, in both sets I and II are the ……….

………. Kuantiti zink

Kuantiti zink dan dan asid hidroklorik asid hidroklorik digunakandigunakan,, dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah dalam mol, kedua-dua set I dan II adalah ...

...

Hence, maximum volume of hydrogen gas Hence, maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in both sets I and II are the liberated in both sets I and II are the ………

………

Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dan II dibebaskan dalam kedua-dua set I dan II adalah ...

adalah ... Graph

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Activity 11: Solving problems involving the factors effecting the rate of reaction Activity 11: Solving problems involving the factors effecting the rate of reaction

Penyele

Penyelesaian masalah saian masalah faktor-faktofaktor-faktor yang r yang melibatkan melibatkan kadar tinkadar tindak balasdak balas Set

Set Reacting Reacting condition condition / / keadaan keadaan tindakantindakan I

I 5 5 g g of of excess excess zinc zinc powder powder + + 100 100 cmcm33 of 0.4 mol dm of 0.4 mol dm-3-3 sulphuric acid + 5 cm sulphuric acid + 5 cm33 of 1 mol dm of 1 mol dm-3-3 copper(II) sulphate solution at room temperature

copper(II) sulphate solution at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 100 cm

5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 100 cm33 0.4 mol dm 0.4 mol dm-3-3 asid sulfurik + 5 cm asid sulfurik + 5 cm33 1 mol dm 1 mol dm-3-3 larutan kuprum larutan kuprum (II) sulfat pada suhu bilik

(II) sulfat pada suhu bilik II

II 5 5 g g of of excess excess zinc zinc powder powder + + 50 50 cmcm33 of 0.4 mol dm of 0.4 mol dm-3-3 sulphuric acid at room temperature sulphuric acid at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 50 cm

5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 50 cm33 0.4 mol dm 0.4 mol dm-3-3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik III

III 5 5 g g of of excess excess zinc zinc powder powder + + 70 70 cmcm33 of 0.4 mol dm of 0.4 mol dm-3-3 sulphuric acid at room temperature sulphuric acid at room temperature 5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 70 cm

5 g serbuk zink berlebihan + 70 cm33 0.4 mol dm 0.4 mol dm-3-3 asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik asid sulfurik pada suhu bilik

Sketch the graphs of volume of hydrogen gas liberated against time for sets I, II, and III on the same Sketch the graphs of volume of hydrogen gas liberated against time for sets I, II, and III on the same axes. Explain how you obtain your answer.

axes. Explain how you obtain your answer. Lakarkan

Lakarkan graf isi padgraf isi padu gas hidrou gas hidrogen dibebgen dibebaskan melaaskan melawan masa unwan masa untuk set I, tuk set I, II, dan III pada II, dan III pada paksi yanpaksi yang sama.g sama. Terangkan bagaimana anda

Terangkan bagaimana anda mendapatkan jawapan tersebut.mendapatkan jawapan tersebut. Solution /

Solution / penyelesaian penyelesaian ::

Step 1: Compare the yield / bandingkan hasil: Step 1: Compare the yield / bandingkan hasil:

Set

Set Mass Mass of of zinc zinc // jisim zink jisim zink Number Number of of moles moles of of sulphuric sulphuric acid acid // bilangan mobilangan mol l asasid sulfurid sulfur ik ik

II II II III III Number of moles

Number of moles of sulphuric acid reacted in set …………. > ………….. > ………of sulphuric acid reacted in set …………. > ………….. > ……… Bilangan m

Bilangan mol asid suol asid sulfurik berlfurik bertindak balas tindak balas dalam setdalam set

Hence, the maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in set

Hence, the maximum volume of hydrogen gas liberated in set ………… > ………… > ………..………… > ………… > ……….. Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen dibebaskan dalam set

Oleh itu, isi padu maksimum gas hidrogen dibebaskan dalam set Step 2: Compare the rate /

Step 2: Compare the rate / bandbandinin gkan tidak balas gkan tidak balas :: Set

Set Surface Surface area area of of zinczinc

L

L uas uas pepermrm ukaan zukaan zinin kk

Concentration of hydrochloric acid / Concentration of hydrochloric acid /

kep

kepeekatan askatan asid hiid hi drokldrokl oriori k k

Catalyst /

Catalyst / mangkinmangkin

II

II II

III III

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Initial rate

Initial rate of reaction for set …… of reaction for set …… > > set …… because set …… because of the pressure of catalyst in set of the pressure of catalyst in set ………… Kadar tindak

Kadar tindak balas awal balas awal bagi set .bagi set ...> ...> set …...set …... kera... kerana tekanan na tekanan pemangkin pemangkin dalam set dalam set ... Initial rate of reaction for set …… >

Initial rate of reaction for set …… > set …… because oset …… because of thef the total surface area of zinc used in set total surface area of zinc used in set ………….. is larger than that in set ……….

………….. is larger than that in set ………. Kadar tindak

Kadar tindak balas awal bbalas awal bagi set ...agi set ...>...> set … set …... kerana isi padu luas permukaan zink yang digunakan... kerana isi padu luas permukaan zink yang digunakan dalam set ... adalah lebih besar daripada set ...

dalam set ... adalah lebih besar daripada set ... Hence, the initial of rea

Hence, the initial of reaction for ction for set ……... set ……... > > set set …….. . …….. . > > set …….set ……. Oleh itu, tindak balas awal bagi set ...> set ... > set ...

Oleh itu, tindak balas awal bagi set ...> set ... > set ... This means that the

This means that the initial gradient of the initial gradient of the curve for set curve for set ……. > ……. > set ……. set ……. > > set …….set ……. Ini bermakna

Ini bermakna kecerukecerunan awal lenan awal lengkung bagngkung bagi set ...i set ... > se.. > set ... t ... > set > set ...

Step 3: sketch the graph / lakar graf: Step 3: sketch the graph / lakar graf:

C

C COLLISION COLLISION THEORY THEORY // TEORI PERLANGGARAN TEORI PERLANGGARAN

Activity 12: What is an Effective Collision /

Activity 12: What is an Effective Collision / Apa iApa itu tu PePerlrl anggaanggaran ran BerkesBerkesan an ??

What is definition of Activation Energy /

What is definition of Activation Energy / TakrTakr ifif an bagan bagi Ti T eenaga Pnaga Peengaktifngaktif an?an?

Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction/

Draw an energy profile diagram for the reaction/ lulu kiki s s ssatu gaatu gambar rmbar r ajah profajah prof il il tetenaga naga untuuntu k tik ti ndak bandak balaslas

Activation

Activation energy wenergy without a caithout a catalysttalyst / Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, E / Tenaga pengaktifan tanpa mangkin, E aa

Activation

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Activity 13: Activity 13:

Two sets of experiments are carried out as shows below: Two sets of experiments are carried out as shows below: Dua set e

Dua set eksperimen ksperimen yang teyang telah dijalanklah dijalankan seperti an seperti di bawah:di bawah: Set

Set I I 1.0 1.0 g g of of granulated zinc granulated zinc is is added added to to 20 20 cmcm33 of 0.5 mol dm of 0.5 mol dm-3-3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 sulphuric acid at 27.0 ooCC Set II

Set II 1.0 g 1.0 g of zinc of zinc powder is powder is added to added to 20 cm20 cm33 of 0.5 mol dm of 0.5 mol dm-3-3 sulphuric acid at 27.0 sulphuric acid at 27.0 ooCC Set

Set I I 1.0 1.0 g g ketulan ketulan zink zink ditambah ditambah kepada kepada 20 20 cmcm33 0.5 mol dm 0.5 mol dm-3-3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 ooCC Set

Set II II 1.0 1.0 g g serbuk serbuk zink zink ditambah ditambah kepada kepada 20 20 cmcm33 0.5 mol dm 0.5 mol dm-3-3 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 asid sulfurik pada 27.0 ooC C

The initial rate of liberation of hydrogen gas in set II is higher than that in Set I. Explain the difference in The initial rate of liberation of hydrogen gas in set II is higher than that in Set I. Explain the difference in rate using the collision theory.

rate using the collision theory. Kadar awal

Kadar awal pembebasan pembebasan gas hidrogegas hidrogen dalam Sen dalam Set II adalah lt II adalah lebih tinggi ebih tinggi daripada daripada di Set I. Tedi Set I. Terangkan perangkan perbezaanrbezaan dalam kadar dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

dalam kadar dengan menggunakan teori perlanggaran.

[5 marks] [5 marks] Particle size

Particle size of zinc powder in Set II is of zinc powder in Set II is ………..……….. than that of granulated zinc in Set I. than that of granulated zinc in Set I.

Sa

Saiiz z ZarZar ah ah serbuk z serbuk zink di daink di dalam Set II adalam Set II adalah lebih lah lebih ……… da……… daripada pasir ripada pasir zink di Sezink di Sett I. I. Thus,

Thus, the total exposed surface areathe total exposed surface area of 1.0 g of zinc powder in Set II is of 1.0 g of zinc powder in Set II is ………..than that of..than that of 1.0 g granulated zinc in Set I.

1.0 g granulated zinc in Set I. Oleh itu,

Oleh itu, jum jumllah ah lluas uas permupermu kaan kaan terdedah terdedah 1.0 g serbuk zink di dalam Set II 1.0 g serbuk zink di dalam Set II adalah lebihadalah lebih ……… daripada 1.0 g ketulan zink dalam Set I.

daripada 1.0 g ketulan zink dalam Set I. As a result,

As a result, the frequency of collisionthe frequency of collision between the hydrogen ions from sulphuric acid and the between the hydrogen ions from sulphuric acid and the zinc atoms at the surfare of zinc powder in Set II is

zinc atoms at the surfare of zinc powder in Set II is ……….………. than that occurring at the than that occurring at the surface of granulated zinc in Set I.

surface of granulated zinc in Set I. Hasilnya,

Hasilnya,kekekekerrapan apan peperr llanggaran anggaran antara ion-ion hidrogen daripada asid sulfurik dan atom zink di antara ion-ion hidrogen daripada asid sulfurik dan atom zink di surfare serb

surfare serbuk zink duk zink di dalam Sei dalam Set II adalah t II adalah lebih ……lebih ……… dar……… daripada yang ipada yang berlaku dberlaku di permukaan i permukaan pasirpasir zink di Se

zink di Set I.t I. This causes the

This causes the frequency of effective collisionfrequency of effective collision between hydrogen ions and zinc atoms in Set between hydrogen ions and zinc atoms in Set II to be

II to be ………..……….. than that in Set I. than that in Set I. Ini menyeba

Ini menyebabkanbkankekekekerr apan peapan perr lanlan ggaran ggaran beberrkeskesan an antara ion hidrogen dan atom zink dalam Set II lebih antara ion hidrogen dan atom zink dalam Set II lebih ……… daripada yang di Set I.

……… daripada yang di Set I. Hence,

Hence, the initial rate of liberatedthe initial rate of liberated of hydrogen gas in Set II is of hydrogen gas in Set II is ………..……….. than that than that in Set in Set I.I. Akhir,

Akhir,kadar kadar awal bagi awal bagi gas gas hihi drdr ogeogen yang din yang di bebebasbaskan kan dalam Set II adalah lebih dalam Set II adalah lebih ………..……….. daripadadaripada di Set I.

di Set I. Summary:

Summary: Teori Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan dengan Kadar Tindak Balas Teori Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan dengan Kadar Tindak Balas

Factors Factors Faktor-faktor Faktor-faktor Effecting Effecting Kesan Kesan frequency of collision frequency of collision Frekuensi Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran frequency of effective frequency of effective collision collision Frekuensi Perlanggaran Frekuensi Perlanggaran Berkesan Berkesan Rate of reaction Rate of reaction Kadar tindak balas Kadar tindak balas

Saiz bahan tindak Saiz bahan tindak balas

balas

Semakin kecil bahan, semakin Semakin kecil bahan, semakin luas jumlah permukaan yang luas jumlah permukaan yang terdedah kepada pelanggaran terdedah kepada pelanggaran

Meningkat

Meningkat Meningkat Meningkat MeningkatMeningkat

Kepekatan

Kepekatan larutan larutan Semakin Semakin tinggi tinggi kepekatankepekatan larutan, semakin banyak larutan, semakin banyak bilangan zarah per unit isi bilangan zarah per unit isi padu

padu

Meningkat

Meningkat Meningkat Meningkat MeningkatMeningkat

Suhu

Suhu larutan larutan Semakin Semakin tinggi tinggi suhu, suhu, semakinsemakin tinggi tenaga kinetik

tinggi tenaga kinetik

Meningkat

Meningkat Meningkat Meningkat MeningkatMeningkat Mangkin

Mangkin Mangkin Mangkin menyediakan menyediakan laluanlaluan alternative bagi tindak balas alternative bagi tindak balas berlaku dengan merendahkan berlaku dengan merendahkan tenaga pengaktifan, E

tenaga pengaktifan, Eaa’’

Meningkat

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BAHAGIAN A BAHAGIAN A

SPM 2011 SPM 2011 In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm

In an experiment to investigate the rate of reaction, 50.0 cm33 of 2.0 mol dm of 2.0 mol dm-3-3 sodium thiosulphate sodium thiosulphate solution and 5.0 cm

solution and 5.0 cm33 of 1.0 mol dm of 1.0 mol dm-3-3of sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed can be used toof sulphuric acid, are used. The sulphur formed can be used to measure the rate of reaction.

measure the rate of reaction. Dalam satu ekspe

Dalam satu eksperimen untuk menrimen untuk mengkaji kadar tindgkaji kadar tindak balas, 50.0 cmak balas, 50.0 cm33 larutan natrium tiosulfat 2.0 mol dm larutan natrium tiosulfat 2.0 mol dm-3-3dan 5.0dan 5.0 cm

cm33 asid sulfurik 1.0 mol dmasid sulfurik 1.0 mol dm-3-3 digunakan.Sulfur yang terbentuk boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak digunakan.Sulfur yang terbentuk boleh digunakan untuk mengukur kadar tindak balas itu.

balas itu.

The equation for the reaction is given below. The equation for the reaction is given below. Persamaan tindak balas itu diberi di bawah. Persamaan tindak balas itu diberi di bawah.

Na

Na22SS22OO33 + + HH22SOSO44 NaNa22SOSO44 + + SOSO44 + S + S + H+ H22OO

(a) What is the colour of sulphur? (a) What is the colour of sulphur?

Apakah war

Apakah warna sulfur?na sulfur?

……… ………

[1 mark] [1 mark] (b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using formula, n = MV.

(b) The number of moles of a solute can be calculated using formula, n = MV. [n= Number of moles of solute (mol), M= Molarity of solution (mol dm [n= Number of moles of solute (mol), M= Molarity of solution (mol dm-3-3),), V= Volume of solution (dm

V= Volume of solution (dm33)])] Bilangan mo

Bilangan mol suatu zat l suatu zat terlarut boterlarut boleh dihitunleh dihitung menggunakg menggunakan rumus,n=an rumus,n=MV.MV. n=Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol, M= Kemolaran larutan (mol dm

n=Bilangan mol zat terlarut (mol, M= Kemolaran larutan (mol dm-3-3 ), ), V= isi padu larutan (dm

V= isi padu larutan (dm33 )] )] Calculate /

Calculate / Hitung Hitung :: (i)

(i) The number of The number of mole of sodium mole of sodium thiosulphate in the solution.thiosulphate in the solution. Bilangan mo

Bilangan mol bagi natrl bagi natrium tiosulfaium tiosulfat dalam lart dalam larutan itu.utan itu.

[1 mark] [1 mark]

(ii)

(ii) The number The number of of mole of mole of sulphuric acid.sulphuric acid. Bilangan m

Bilangan mol bagi asol bagi asid sulfurik id sulfurik ..

[1 mark] [1 mark]

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(c) Based on the answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii),name the reactant which determines the quantity of (c) Based on the answers in (b)(i) and (b)(ii),name the reactant which determines the quantity of

sulphur formed at the end of the reaction. sulphur formed at the end of the reaction. Berdasark

Berdasarkan jawapan an jawapan di (b)(i) dan (di (b)(i) dan (b)(ii), namakab)(ii), namakan bahan tindak n bahan tindak balas yanbalas yangg menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.

menentukan kuantiti sulfur yang terbentuk pada akhir tindak balas itu.

……….. ………..

[1 mark] [1 mark] (d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment.

(d) (i) State three factors that can affect the rate of reaction in this experiment. Nyatakan

Nyatakan tiga faktiga faktor yang botor yang boleh mempenleh mempengaruhi kadgaruhi kadar tindak ar tindak balas itu dbalas itu dalam ekspealam eksperimen ini.rimen ini. 1……… 1……… 2……… 2……… 3……… 3……… [3 marks] [3 marks] (ii) Using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in (d)(i) increases the rate of (ii) Using the collision theory, explain how any one of the factors in (d)(i) increases the rate of

reaction. reaction. Mengguna

Menggunakan teori pkan teori perlanggaran,erlanggaran,terangkan terangkan bagaimana mabagaimana mana-mana satu dana-mana satu daripadaripada faktor di (

faktor di (d)(i) meningd)(i) meningkatkan kakatkan kadar tindak dar tindak balas itu.balas itu.

……… ………

[2 marks] [2 marks]

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BAHAGIAN B BAHAGIAN B

SPM 2013 SPM 2013 Diagram shows the energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Copper Diagram shows the energy profile diagram for the reaction between zinc and hydrochloric acid. Copper (II) sulphate solution is added to the reactants mixture to increase the rate of reaction.

(II) sulphate solution is added to the reactants mixture to increase the rate of reaction. Rajah

Rajah menunjukkmenunjukkan an rajah rajah profil profil tenaga tenaga bagi bagi tindak tindak balas balas antara antara zink zink dengan dengan asid asid hidroklorikhidroklorik. . LarutanLarutan kuprum(II)sulfat ditambahkan kepada campuran bahan tindak balas untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.

kuprum(II)sulfat ditambahkan kepada campuran bahan tindak balas untuk meningkatkan kadar tindak balas.

Diagram Diagram

Rajah Rajah

(i) Which of the values r or s represents the activation energy for the reaction after adding copper(II) (i) Which of the values r or s represents the activation energy for the reaction after adding copper(II)

sulphate solution? sulphate solution? Antara

Antara nilai nilai r r atau atau s s yang yang manakah manakah yang yang mewakili mewakili tenaga tenaga pengaktifapengaktifan n bagi bagi tindak tindak balas balas itu itu selepasselepas penambahan

penambahan larutan kuplarutan kuprum(II) sulfat?rum(II) sulfat?

[1 markah] [1 markah] (ii) By using collision theory,explain how copper(II) sulphate solution increase the rate of reaction.

(ii) By using collision theory,explain how copper(II) sulphate solution increase the rate of reaction. Dengan

Dengan menggunakan menggunakan teori teori perlanggarperlanggaran,terangkan an,terangkan bagaimana bagaimana kuprum(II) kuprum(II) sulfat sulfat meningkameningkatkan tkan kadarkadar tindak balas

tindak balas..

[4 markah] [4 markah] (iii) 100 cm

(iii) 100 cm33 of 1.0 mol dm of 1.0 mol dm-3-3 hydrochloric acid and excess zinc are used in the reaction. hydrochloric acid and excess zinc are used in the reaction.

Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at Write the chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the volume of hydrogen gas released at room conditions.

room conditions.

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm

[1 mol of gas occupies 24 dm33 at room condition] at room condition] 100 cm

100 cm33 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm-3-3 dan zink berlebihan digunakan dalam tindak balas itu. dan zink berlebihan digunakan dalam tindak balas itu.

Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu pada gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan pada Tulis persamaan kimia bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu pada gas hydrogen yang dibebaskan pada keadaan bilik.

keadaan bilik.

[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm

[1 mol gas menempati 24 dm33 pada keadaan bilik] pada keadaan bilik]

[5 markah] [5 markah] Products

Products Hasil tindak Hasil tindak balasbalas

Reaction path Reaction path Lintasan tin

Lintasan tindak balasdak balas Reactants

Reactants Bahan tindak Bahan tindak balasbalas Energy Energy tenaga tenaga _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ r r s s _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _

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(b) Table shows the information for three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate of (b) Table shows the information for three sets of experiment to investigate factors affecting the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid.

reaction between calcium carbonate and hydrochloric acid. Jadual menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set

Jadual menunjukkan maklumat bagi tiga set eksperimeksperimen untuk en untuk menyiasat faktor-fakmenyiasat faktor-faktor tor yang mempengaruhi kadar yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan

tindak balas antara kalsium karbonat dengan asid hidroklorik.asid hidroklorik. Experiment Experiment Eksperimen Eksperimen Reactants Reactants Bahan t

Bahan tinin dak badak balaslas

Time taken to collect Time taken to collect

40 cm

40 cm33 carbon carbon dioxide gas (s) dioxide gas (s)

M

M asasa yaa yang diambilng diambil untu

untu k mek mengumpul 40ngumpul 40 cm

cm 3 3 gas gas karkar bonbon diok

diok ssiida (sda (s))

Set

Set I I 5 5 g g calcium calcium carbonatecarbonate powder

powder

5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat 5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

50 cm

50 cm33 of 1.0 mol dm of 1.0 mol dm-3-3 hydrocloric acid hydrocloric acid 50 cm

50 cm33 asid hidroklorik 1.0 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

mol dm--33

33 33

Set

Set II II 5 5 g g calcium calcium carbonatecarbonate chip

chip 5 g

5 g ketulan kalsium karbonketulan kalsium karbonatat

50 cm

50 cm33 asid hidroklorik 1.0 asid hidroklorik 1.0 mol dm

mol dm-3-3

45 45

Set

Set III III 5 5 g g calcium calcium carbonatecarbonate 5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat 5 g serbuk kalsium karbonat

25 cm

25 cm33 asid hidroklorik 2.0 asid hidroklorik 2.0 mol dm mol dm-3-3 25 25 Table Table Jadual Jadual

Based on the information in Table, compare the rate of reaction between Based on the information in Table, compare the rate of reaction between (i)

(i) Set I Set I and Set and Set IIII (ii) Set I and Set III (ii) Set I and Set III

By using the collision theory, explain your answers. By using the collision theory, explain your answers. Berdasarkan

Berdasarkan maklumat dmaklumat dalam Jaduaalam Jadual, banding kl, banding kadar tindak adar tindak balas antarabalas antara (i)

(i) Set I Set I dan Sedan Set IIt II (ii) Set I dan Set III (ii) Set I dan Set III Dengan mengg

Dengan menggunakan teounakan teori perlanggri perlanggaran,teranaran,terangkan jawagkan jawapan andapan anda

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BAHAGIAN C BAHAGIAN C

SPM 2012 SPM 2012 A student carried out

A student carried out three sets of three sets of experimentexperiments to s to investigate the factors that affect the investigate the factors that affect the rate of reaction.rate of reaction. Time taken to collect 40 cm

Time taken to collect 40 cm33 of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table. of hydrogen gas is recorded in Table. Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set

Seorang pelajar menjalankan tiga set eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor eksperimen untuk mengkaji faktor yang mempengaruhi yang mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.kadar tindak balas. Masa yang

Masa yang diambil undiambil untuk mengutuk mengumpul 40 cmmpul 40 cm33 gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual. gas hidrogen direkodkan dalam Jadual.

Set Reactant

Bahan ti

Bahan ti ndak balasndak balas

Temperature Temperature of the mixture of the mixture

S

Suhu uhu cacampurmpur anan

Time taken to collect Time taken to collect

40 cm

40 cm33 of hydrogen of hydrogen gas (s)

gas (s)

M

M asasa yaa yang diambilng diambil untu

untu k mek mengumpul 40ngumpul 40 cm

cm 3 3 gas gas hihi drogen (s)drogen (s)

I

I 25 25 cmcm33 of 0.2 mol dm of 0.2 mol dm-3-3 hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid 25 cm

25 cm33 asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm asid hidroklorik 0.2 mol dm-3-3 +

+ excess zinc powder excess zinc powder serbuk zink

serbuk zink berlebihanberlebihan

30

30ooC C 9090

II

II 25 25 cmcm33 of 0.4 mol dm of 0.4 mol dm-3-3 hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid 25 cm

30

30ooC C 5555

II

II 25 25 cmcm33 of 0.2 mol dm of 0.2 mol dm-3-3 hydrochloric acid hydrochloric acid 25 cm

40 40ooC C 3030 Table Table Jadual Jadual (a)

(a) Zinc, Zn Zinc, Zn reacts with reacts with hydrochloric acid, HCI to hydrochloric acid, HCI to produce zinc produce zinc chloride, ZnCIchloride, ZnCI22 and hydrogen gas, H and hydrogen gas, H22..

Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen Write a balanced chemical equation for the reaction and calculate the maximum volume of hydrogen

gas produced in set I. gas produced in set I.

[Relative atomic mass: Zn =65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm

[Relative atomic mass: Zn =65; 1 mol of any gas occupies 24 dm33 mol mol-1-1 at room conditions] at room conditions] Zink, Z

Zink, Zn bertindak n bertindak balas dengabalas dengan asid hidron asid hidroklorik, klorik, HCI menghasHCI menghasilkan zink ilkan zink klorida, ZnCklorida, ZnCI I 22 dan gas hydrogen, H dan gas hydrogen, H 22..

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi

Tulis persamaan kimia yang seimbang bagi tindak balas itu dan hitung isi padu maksimumpadu maksimum gas hydroge

gas hydrogen yang dn yang dihasilkan daihasilkan dalam set I.lam set I.

[Jisim atom relatif: Zn =65; 1 mol bagi sebarang gas menempati 24 dm

(20)

(b)

(b) Based on Based on Table, compare the Table, compare the rates of rates of reactionreaction Berdasarka

Berdasarkan Jadual, bn Jadual, bandingkan kandingkan kadar tindak adar tindak balasbalas (i)

(i) between between set set I I and and set set IIII antara set I dan set II antara set I dan set II

(ii)

(ii) betweebetween sen set I t I and and set set IIIIII antara set I dan set III antara set I dan set III

By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in (b)(i) or (b)(ii). By referring to collision theory, explain your answer in (b)(i) or (b)(ii). Dengan meru

Dengan merujuk kepajuk kepada teori pda teori perlanggaran,erlanggaran,terangkan terangkan jawapan anda djawapan anda di (b)(i) atau (i (b)(i) atau (b)(ii).b)(ii).

[6 markah] [6 markah] (c) Catalyst and size of reactants can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc. Choose one (c) Catalyst and size of reactants can also affect the rate of reaction between acid and zinc. Choose one

of these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of reaction. of these two factors and describe an experiment to show how this factor affects the rate of reaction. Mangkin dan saiz bah

Mangkin dan saiz bahan tindak balas juga dapaan tindak balas juga dapat mempengaruhi kt mempengaruhi kadar tindak balaadar tindak balas antara asid dan zink. Pilihs antara asid dan zink. Pilih satu

satu daripada daripada dua dua faktor faktor ini ini dan dan huraikan huraikan satu satu eksperimeeksperimen n untuk untuk menunjukmenunjukkan kan bagaimana bagaimana faktor faktor ini ini dapatdapat mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

mempengaruhi kadar tindak balas.

Modul Kimia SPM A+ 2014

MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015

MODUL KIMIA SPM 2014/2015

KERTAS 2

KERTAS 2

[100 markah]

[100 markah]

KELAS INTENSIF

KELAS INTENSIF

Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Sekolah Kluster Kecemerlangan

Kimia A+

Kimia A+

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

Written by: Cikgu Marzuqi Mohd Salleh

M.Sc. Ed USM

M.Sc. Ed USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

BSc (hons) Ed (Chemistry) USM

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

GURU CEMERLANG KIMIA

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5

MODUL 1 TINGKATAN 5

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF

CHAPTER 1: RATE OF REACTIONS

REACTIONS

KADAR TINDA

Good Luck!

Good Luck!