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199 Table 1

Participant Characteristics and Details of Involvement in Test Procedures

Participant Age

Years of participation in

supervised activities related

to main sport

Highest level of competition

DHAQ (initial)

DHAQ (retest)

Athlete interview

Parent interview

Current coach interview

Former coach interview

FH1 24 11 open international Y Y Y Y Y Y

FH2 20 15 junior international Y Y Y N Y Y

FH3 21 16 open national Y Y Y Y Y Y

FH4 19 12 open national Y N Y Y Y Y

MH1 19 12 under 21 national Y Y Y Y Y N

MH2 20 14 under 21 national Y Y Y Y Y Y

MH3 20 10 under 21 national Y N Y Y Y Y

MH4 27 22 open national Y Y Y Y Y N

FS1 23 18 open international Y Y Y Y Y N

FS2 20 15 open international Y Y Y Y Y Y

FS3 22 18 open international Y N Y Y Y N

MS1 18 14 open international Y N Y Y N N

MS2 24 17 open international Y Y Y Y Y N

MS3 23 11 open international Y Y Y Y Y Y

MS4 20 16 open international Y Y Y N Y N

201 Table 2

Classification Criteria for Validity and Reliability of the DHAQ

Classification Criteria

Agreement PA

very good agreement 80.00 – 100.00%

good agreement 65.00 – 79.99%

moderate agreement 50.00 – 64.99%

poor agreement 0.00 – 49.99%

Correlation ICC p Value

very good correlation .80 – 1.00 + ≤ .10

good correlation .65 – .79 + ≤ .10

moderate correlation .50 – .64 + ≤ .10

poor correlation ≤ .49

≥ .50

+ OR

+

≤ .10

> .10

Overall validity/reliability Agreement Correlation

very good validity/reliability very good + any correlation

good validity/reliability good + any correlation

moderate validity/reliability moderate + very good or good poor validity/reliability moderate

poor

+ OR

+

moderate or poor

any correlation

203 Table 3

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Sporting Career and Milestones

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

Highest level of competition 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Greatest sporting achievement 75.00 b

N/A Good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good Age when first moved house for reasons related to sport 99.14 a

.97** a Very good

99.07 a

0.94** a

Very good

Not collected

92.78 a

.37 d

Very good

Reached peak of career (yes/no) 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

90.91 a

204 Age when formed the idea to become an elite athlete 81.57 a

.55* c Very good

83.45 a

.61* c

Very good

Not collected

81.01 a

.22 d

Very good Age when set the goal to become an elite athlete 91.08 a

.57** c Very good

92.42 a

.62* c

Very good

Not collected

89.99 a

.57* c

Very good Age at first regular participation in supervised practice activities for main sport 86.00 a

.88** a Very good

82.28 a

.76** b

Very good

Not collected

86.73 a

.83** a

Very good Age at first regular participation in unsupervised practice activities for main sport 76.97 b

.50† c Good

72.73 b

.49 d

Good

Not collected

66.48 b

-.95 d

Good Age at first regular participation in non-sport specific practice activities 88.87 a

.36† d Very good

88.32 a

.41†c

Very good

Not collected

86.98 a

.46 d

Very good Age at first regular participation in sport-specific informal play 80.27 a

.78** b Very good

63.80 c

.68** b

Moderate

Not collected

93.20 a

.96** a

Very good Age at first participation in off-season or year-round practice for main sport 84.20 a

.75** b Very good

76.85 b

.35 d

Good

Not collected

78.00 b

.59* c

205 Age at first participation in club level competition 89.82 a

.87** a Very good

87.99 a

.80** a

Very good

Insufficient data

91.90 a

.92** a

Very good Age when first recognised among the top 5 athletes at the club level 87.82 a

.98** a Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age when first recognised as the best athlete at the club level 84.52 a

.98* a Very good

79.17 b

.89 d

Good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age at first participation in regional level competition 48.02 c

.84** a Poor

59.41 c

.84** a

Moderate

96.16 a

.00 d Very good

82.05 a

.93** a

Very good Age when first recognised among the top 5 athletes at the regional level 90.00 a

.88 d Very good

83.34 c

.86** a

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age when first recognised as the best athlete at the regional level 80.63 a

.86** a Very good

81.25 a

.82†c

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age at first participation in state level competition 91.49 a

.81** a Very good

80.44 a

.52* c

Very good

92.31 a

.00 d Very good

94.31 a

.95** a

206 Age when first recognised among the top 5 athletes at the state level 84.52 a

.33 d Very good

89.90 a

.69†b

Very good

84.89 a

.38 d Very good

94.71 a

.97** a

Very good Age when first recognised as the best athlete at the state level 88.14 a

.80* a Very good

88.46 .00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age at first participation in national level competition 96.90 a

.92** a Very good

92.20 a

.70** b

Very good

Insufficient data

97.63 a

.94** a

Very good Age when first recognised among the top 5 athletes at the national level 93.08 a

.84** a Very good

97.57 a

.97** a

Very good

76.32 b

.49 d

Good

95.24 a

.92* b

Very good Age when first recognised as the best athlete at the national level 92.27 a

.80** a Very good

84.38 a

-.92 d

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Age at first participation in international level competition 92.63 a

.57* c Very good

89.62 a

.57†c

Very good

90.55 a

.62†c

Very good

96.07 a

.79* b

Very good Age when first recognised among the top 5 athletes at the international level Insufficient

data

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

Insufficient data Age when first recognised as the best athlete at the international level Insufficient

data

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

207 Number of career transitions experienced to date 77.26 b

.64** c Good

59.09 c

-.07 d

Poor

Not collected

73.69 b

.54* c

Good

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_Poor

209 Table 4

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Family Characteristics and Participation in Sport and Physical Activity

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

Mother

Date of birth 99.90 a

.98** a

Very good

99.98 a

.98** a

Very good

Not collected

99.96 a

.93** a

Very good

Nationality 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Occupation 61.54 c

N/A Moderate

58.83 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

90.91 a

210 Age athlete ceased living with this family member 96.65 a

.80** a

Very good

96.83 a

.82** a

Very good

Not collected

97.88 a

.88** a

Very good Participation in regular physical activity during the time living with the

athlete (y/n)

80.00 a

N/A Very good

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

81.82 a

N/A Very good Frequency of participation in regular physical activity during the time

living with the athlete

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

0.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

54.55 c

N/A Moderate Participation in competitive sports during any time in their life (y/n) 100.00 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Number of competitive sports participated in during any time in their life 93.33 a

.85** a

Very good

81.41 a

.70** b

Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Sport 1: Sport type 100.00 a

N/A Very good

72.73 b

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Sport 1: Highest level of competition reached 84.62 a

N/A Very good

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

88.89 a

211

Sport 2: Sport type 87.50 a

N/A Very good

37.50 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Sport 2: Highest level of competition reached 37.50 d

N/A Poor

0.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

Sport 3: Sport type 60.00 c

N/A Moderate

20.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Sport 3: Highest level of competition reached 60.00 c

N/A Moderate

20.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

Father

Date of birth 99.91 a

.76** b

Very good

99.91 a

.74** b

Very good

Not collected

99.88 a

.67* b

Very good

Nationality 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

212

Occupation 64.29 c

N/A Moderate

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Age athlete ceased living with this family member 98.75 a

.99** a

Very good

99.14 a

1.00** a

Very good

Not collected

96.41 a

.99** a

Very good Participation in regular physical activity during the time living with the

athlete (y/n)

66.67 b

N/A Good

75.00 b

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Frequency of participation in regular physical activity during the time

living with the athlete

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

90.91 a

N/A Very good Participation in competitive sports during any time in their life (y/n) 86.67 a

N/A Very good

76.92 b

N/A Good

Not collected

72.73 b

N/A Good Number of competitive sports participated in during any time in their life 77.78 b

.63** c

Good

46.67 d

.05 d

Poor

Not collected

65.15 b

.54* c

Good

Sport 1: Sport type 86.67 a

N/A Very good

69.23 b

N/A Good

Not collected

63.64 b

213 Sport 1: Highest level of competition reached 61.54 c

N/A Moderate

27.27 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

Sport 2: Sport type 75.00 b

N/A Good

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

87.50 a

N/A Very good Sport 2: Highest level of competition reached 63.64 c

N/A Moderate

30.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

57.14 c

N/A Moderate

Sport 3: Sport type 75.00 b

N/A Good

12.50 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

80.00 a

N/A Very good Sport 3: Highest level of competition reached 71.43 b

N/A Good

12.50 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

80.00 a

N/A Very good Sibling one

Date of birth 99.99 a

.99** a

Very good

92.29 a

.99** a

Very good

Not collected

99.99 a

.99** a

214

Nationality 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Age athlete ceased living with this family member 85.72 a

.80 d

Very good

92.05 a

.81** a

Very good

Not collected

97.86 a

.99** a

Very good Participation in regular physical activity during the time living with the

athlete (y/n)

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Frequency of participation in regular physical activity during the time

living with the athlete

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

37.50 d

N/A Poor Participation in competitive sports during any time in their life (y/n) 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Number of competitive sports participated in during any time in their life 83.61 a

.62** c

Very good

70.83 b

.25 d

Good

Not collected

96.97 a

.96** a

Very good

Sport 1: Sport type 86.67 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

90.91 a

215 Sport 1: Highest level of competition reached 71.43 b

N/A Good

25.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

70.00 b

N/A Good

Sport 2: Sport type 100.00 a

N/A Very good

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Sport 2: Highest level of competition reached 58.33 c

N/A Moderate

30.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

Sport 3: Sport type 72.73 b

N/A Good

70.00 b

N/A Good

Not collected

71.43 b

N/A Good Sport 3: Highest level of competition reached 63.64 c

N/A Moderate

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

42.86 d

N/A Poor Sibling two

Date of birth 99.99 a

.99** a

Very good

99.98 a

.99** a

Very good

Not collected

99.98 a

.99** a

216

Nationality 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Age athlete ceased living with this family member 97.50 a

.00 d

Very good

97.50 a

.00†d

Very good

Not collected

95.00 a

.87** a

Very good Participation in regular physical activity during the time living with the

athlete (y/n)

88.89 a

N/A Very good

77.78 b

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Frequency of participation in regular physical activity during the time

living with the athlete

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

57.14 c

N/A Moderate Participation in competitive sports during any time in their life (y/n) 80.00 a

N/A Very good

77.78 b

N/A Good

Not collected

75.00 b

N/A Good Number of competitive sports participated in during any time in their life 65.83 b

.44† d

Good

40.00 d

.04 d

Poor

Not collected

64.58 c

.53† c

Poor

Sport 1: Sport type 80.00 a

N/A Very good

66.67 b

N/A Good

Not collected

62.50 b

217 Sport 1: Highest level of competition reached 66.67 b

N/A Good

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

28.57 d

N/A Poor

Sport 2: Sport type 77.78 b

N/A Good

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

57.14 c

N/A Moderate Sport 2: Highest level of competition reached 62.50 c

N/A Moderate

12.50 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Sport 3: Sport type 40.00 d

N/A Poor

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

50.00 c

N/A Moderate Sport 3: Highest level of competition reached 25.00 d

N/A Poor

25.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_Poor

219 Table 5

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Places of Residence

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

All residences

Total number of residences 90.26 a

.86** a

Very good

91.35 a

.87** a

Very good

Not collected

90.80 a

.94** a

Very good Age at first relocation for reasons related to sport 99.67 a

.97** a

Very good

98.81 a

.91** a

Very good

Not collected

95.61 a

.42 d

Very good Total number of times relocated for reasons related to sport 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

87.18 a

.72** b

Very good

Not collected

92.42 a

.92** a

220 Residence one (birthplace)

Location of residence 100.00 a

N/A Very good

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Whom lived with at this residence 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Residence two

Location of residence 92.31 a

N/A Very good

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

90.00 a

N/A Very good Age started living at this residence 89.67 a

.99** a

Very good

84.57 a

.83** a

Very good

Not collected

85.96 a

.99** a

Very good Reason for relocation to this residence 69.23 b

N/A Good

72.73 b

N/A Good

Not collected

90.00 a

N/A Very good

Whom lived with at this residence 92.31 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

90.00 a

221 Residence three

Location of residence 81.82 a

N/A Very good

77.78ba

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good Age started living at this residence 98.54 a

1.00** a

Very good

68.34 b

.38 d

Good

Not collected

97.78 a

.99** a

Very good Reason for relocation to this residence 90.91 a

N/A Very good

77.78 a

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Whom lived with at this residence 100.00 a

N/A Very good

77.78 a

N/A Good

Not collected

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Residence four

Location of residence 66.67 b

N/A Good

44.44 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

66.67 b

N/A Good Age started living at this residence 69.47 b

.99** a

Good

65.31 b

.99** a

Good

Not collected

74.11 b

.99** a

222 Reason for relocation to this residence 70.00 a

N/A Good

66.67 b

N/A Good

Not collected

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

Whom lived with at this residence 60.00 c

N/A Moderate

55.56 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_Poor

223 Table 6

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Organised Sport Practice History

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

All organised sports other than main sport

Total hours Not collected

.98** a

Good Highest level of

competition

Not collected Not collected Not collected 81.82 a

N/A Very good Age at

specialisation in main sport

93.28 a

.85** a

Very good

86.57 a

.34 d

Very good

Not collected

.44† c

Very good

Other organised sport one

Age started 79.97 b

.06 d

Good

73.44 b

-.20 d

Good

Not collected 75.16 b

.15 d

Good Age stopped 87.72 a

.24 d

Very good

76.62 b

.05 †d

Good

Not collected

.57† c

Very good Total hours Not collected Not collected

.82** a

Moderate Highest level of

competition Not collected Not collected Not collected

70.00 b

224 Other organised sport two

Age started 77.94 b

.79** b

Good

56.88 c

.04 d

Poor

Not collected

.08 d

Good Age stopped 73.65 b

.55* c

Good

51.09 c

.05 d

Poor

Not collected 72.69 b

.44† d

Good Total hours Not collected Not collected Not collected 51.20 c

.98** a

Moderate Highest level of

competition

Not collected

N/A Good

Other organised sport three

Age started 79.68 b

.51* c

Good

39.13 d

-.69 d

Poor

Not collected

.21 d

Good Age stopped 81.29 a

.59* c

Very good

43.72 d

-.25 d

Poor

Not collected

.36†d

Good Total hours Not collected Not collected Not collected 57.82 c

.96** a

Moderate Highest level of

competition

Not collected

N/A Poor

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_{Poor agreement/correlation classification.}

225 Table 7

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Participation in Informal, Playful Sporting Games

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating All informal, playful sporting games

Total number 64.58 c

.70** b

Moderate

51.60 c

.34 d

Poor

Not collected

70.08 b

.67** b

Good

Total hours Not

collected

Not collected

Not collected

43.09 d

.78** b

Poor Who played with 26.67 d

N/A Poor

16.67 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

36.36 d

N/A Poor Age of people who

played with

20.00 d

N/A Poor

16.67 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Where played 33.33 d

N/A Poor

25.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

44.44 d

N/A Poor Informal, playful sporting game one

Age started 48.92 d

.70* b

Poor

30.69 d

.03 d

Poor

Not collected

39.04 d

.43 d

Poor

Age stopped 53.14 c

.58* c

Moderate

34.69 d

.63 d

Poor

Not collected

45.21 d

.50 d

Poor

Total hours Not

collected

Not collected

Not collected

25.64 d

.44 d

226 Informal, playful sporting game two

Age started 56.45 c

.55* c

Poor

33.33 d

.86* a

Poor

Not collected

51.50 c

.00 d

Poor

Age stopped 59.80 c

.70** b

Moderate

34.95 c

.59 d

Poor

Not collected

58.63 c

.78* b

Moderate

Total hours Not

collected

Not collected

Not collected

35.62 d

.79† b

Poor

Informal, playful sporting game three

Age started 61.01 c

.69* b

Moderate

65.93 b

.00 d

Good

Not collected

75.45 b

.45 d

Good

Age stopped 60.22 c

.33 d

Poor

67.56 b

.71 d

Good

Not collected

76.77 b

.72†b

Good

Total hours Not

collected

Not collected

Not collected

64.62 c

.93** a

Moderate

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_{Poor agreement/correlation classification.}

227 Table 8

Validity and Reliability of Recall for General Involvement in Main Sport

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

Age at first participation 97.94 a

.99** a

Very good

84.79 a

.80** a

Very good

Not collected

95.58 a

.99** a

Very good Months per year

Age 4 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

81.41 a

.14 d

Very good

Insufficient data

87.60 a

.73** b

Very good

Age 5 93.33 a

.94** a

Very good

53.21 c

-.17 d

Poor

Insufficient data

96.69 a

.96** a

Very good

Age 6 93.33 a

.73** b

Very good

84.62 a

.41† d

Very good

Insufficient data

78.51 b

.76** b

Good

Age 7 92.22 a

.72** b

Very good

71.79 b

.12 d

Good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

.86** a

Very good

Age 8 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

71.58 b

.45* d

Good

Insufficient data

99.17 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 9 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

77.99 b

.49* d

Good

Insufficient data

99.17 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 10 97.44 a

.98** a

Very good

69.91 b

.47* d

Good

Insufficient data

99.17 a

1.00** a

228

Age 11 92.36 a

.85** a

Very good

68.98 b

.39 d

Good

Insufficient data

94.63 a

.91** a

Very good

Age 12 94.70 a

.97** a

Very good

81.46 a

.75** b

Very good

Insufficient data

96.21 a

.99** a

Very good

Age 13 96.97 a

.96** a

Very good

89.29 a

.93** a

Very good

Insufficient data

97.80 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 14 97.73 a

.98** a

Very good

82.68 a

.71* b

Very good

Insufficient data

97.02 a

.98** a

Very good

Age 15 97.94 a

.99** a

Very good

86.36 a

.80** a

Very good

Insufficient data

94.75 a

.97** a

Very good

Age 16 92.67 a

.87** a

Very good

82.79 a

.70* b

Very good

Insufficient data

87.91 a

.76** b

Very good

Age 17 96.50 a

.97** a

Very good

86.69 a

.85** a

Very good

82.08 a

.29 d

Very good

87.43 a

.72** b

Very good

Age 18 94.58 a

.72** b

Very good

86.11 a

.85** a

Very good

81.25 a

.00 d

Very good

91.69 a

.83** a

Very good

Age 19 88.40 a

.82** a

Very good

78.88 b

.05 d

Good

65.72 b

-.12 d

Good

87.06 a

.80** a

Very good

Age 20 92.00 a

.60† d

Very good

90.28 a

.00 d

Very good

91.67 a

.00 d

Very good

91.56 a

.79** b

Very good

Age 21 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

90.28 a

.00 d

Very good

91.67 a

.00 d

Very good

96.19 a

.98** a

229

Age 22 97.22 a

.00 d

Very good

97.22 a

.98** a

Very good

95.83 a

.00 d

Very good

94.52 a

.96** a

Very good

Age 23 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

94.44 a

.97** a

Very good

91.67 a

.00 d

Very good

96.19 a

.98** a

Very good

Sessions per week

Age 4 97.78 a

.98** a

Very good

84.62 a

.40† d

Very good

Insufficient data

96.97 a

.92** a

Very good

Age 5 88.89 a

.80** a

Very good

55.13 c

.21 d

Poor

Insufficient data

78.79 b

.61* c

Good

Age 6 84.44 a

.69** b

Very good

67.95 b

.56* c

Good

Insufficient data

74.24 b

.80** a

Good

Age 7 84.00 a

.88** a

Very good

65.38 b

.11 Good

Insufficient data

70.45 b

.70** b

Good

Age 8 87.11 a

.92** a

Very good

65.38 b

.58* c

Good

Insufficient data

80.76 a

.81** a

Very good

Age 9 92.22 a

.94** a

Very good

76.54 b

.62** c

Good

Insufficient data

79.55 b

.85** a

Good

Age 10 92.09 a

.96** a

Very good

74.35 b

.59* c

Good

Insufficient data

79.70 b

.85** a

Good

Age 11 88.95 a

.89** a

Very good

68.45 b

.35 d

Good

Insufficient data

84.38 a

.88** a

Very good

Age 12 86.87 a

.93** a

Very good

80.95 a

.83** a

Very good

Insufficient data

82.09 a

.82** a

230

Age 13 90.15 a

.91** a

Very good

78.73 b

.63† d

Good

Insufficient data

88.91 a

.90** a

Very good

Age 14 89.57 a

.87** a

Very good

71.68 b

.63† d

Good

Insufficient data

85.98 a

.85** a

Very good

Age 15 82.97 a

.90** a

Very good

74.29 b

.65* b

Good

Insufficient data

87.46 a

.93** a

Very good

Age 16 81.33 a

.86** a

Very good

86.26 a

.75** b

Very good

Insufficient data

90.68 a

.95** a

Very good

Age 17 80.16 a

.78** b

Very good

90.79 a

.79** b

Very good

80.19 a

.00 d

Very good

82.50 a

.85** a

Very good

Age 18 73.82 b

.71* b

Good

69.10 b

.03 d

Good

65.92 b

.58 d

Good

80.30 a

.45† d

Very good

Age 19 81.27 a

.67* b

Very good

71.29 b

.16 d

Good

85.16 a

.07 d

Good

89.70 a

.77** b

Very good

Age 20 79.40 b

.56* c

Good

77.50 b

.16 d

Good

67.86 b

.00 d

Good

86.79 a

.90** a

Very good

Age 21 77.90 b

.29† d

Good

77.50 b

.16 d

Good

66.90 b

-.16 d

Good

89.33 a

.91** a

Very good

Age 22 78.23 b

.37 d

Good

61.94 c

.62 d

Poor

67.86 b

.00 d

Good

86.00 a

.90** a

Very good

Age 23 71.88 b

.12 d

Good

61.94 c

.62 d

Poor

75.79 b

-.56 d

Good

76.00 b

.81* a

231 Hours per week

Age 4 92.22 a

.72** b

Very good

80.77 a

.14 d

Very good

Insufficient data

87.88 a

.69** b

Very good

Age 5 78.56 b

.44* d

Good

49.62 d

.03 d

Poor

Insufficient data

84.85 a

.84** a

Very good

Age 6 74.89 b

.34 d

Good

70.77 b

.43† d

Good

Insufficient data

65.15 b

.63* c

Good

Age 7 76.67 b

.71** b

Good

66.21 b

-.03 d

Good

Insufficient data

64.24 c

.92** a

Moderate

Age 8 84.25 a

.83** a

Very good

60.76 c

.08 d

Poor

Insufficient data

87.58 a

.96** a

Very good

Age 9 88.84 a

.84** a

Very good

74.45 b

.23 d

Good

Insufficient data

75.97 b

.88** a

Good

Age 10 74.46 b

.83** a

Good

60.26 c

.12 d

Poor

Insufficient data

77.81 b

.89** a

Good

Age 11 83.02 a

.79** b

Very good

61.11 c

-.04 d

Poor

Insufficient data

83.93 a

.88** a

Very good

Age 12 74.83 b

.74** b

Good

69.98 b

.59† d

Good

Insufficient data

82.42 a

.74** b

Very good

Age 13 80.01 a

.73** b

Very good

67.55 b

.28 d

Good

Insufficient data

84.67 a

.90** a

Very good

Age 14 83.23 a

.73** b

Very good

65.73 b

.50 d

Good

Insufficient data

82.62 a

.91** a

232

Age 15 85.19 a

.89** a

Very good

64.93 c

.44 d

Poor

Insufficient data

83.59 a

.91** a

Very good

Age 16 85.35 a

.79** b

Very good

73.95 b

.27 d

Good

Insufficient data

82.81 a

.87** a

Very good

Age 17 83.21 a

.76** b

Very good

61.33 c

.37 d

Poor

82.71 a

.00 d

Very good

79.78 b

.81** a

Good

Age 18 75.02 b

.70* b

Good

58.38 c

-.31 d

Poor

92.31 a

.61 d

Very good

76.11 b

.63* c

Good

Age 19 79.71 b

.63† d

Good

60.66 c

-.67 d

Poor

87.17 a

.38 d

Very good

80.76 a

.70** b

Very good

Age 20 79.57 b

.71† b

Good

68.54 b

-.39 d

Good

95.00 a

.00 d

Very good

83.24 a

.81** a

Very good

Age 21 85.72 a

-.09 d

Very good

68.54 b

-.39 d

Good

79.31 b

-1.13 d

Good

81.54 a

.77* b

Very good

Age 22 82.35 a

-.17 d

Very good

65.37 b

.72 d

Good

95.00 a

.00 d

Very good

84.40 a

.76* b

Very good

Age 23 81.75 a

-.26 d

Very good

65.37 b

.72 d

Good

80.00 a

-.92 d

Very good

87.73 a

.75* b

Very good

Hours per year

Age 4 92.32 a

.67** b

Very good

79.19 b

.00 d

Good

Insufficient data

85.66 a

.65* c

Very good

Age 5 78.77 b

.47* d

Good

47.66 d

-.015 d

Poor

Insufficient data

82.77 a

.79** b

233

Age 6 75.21 b

.45* d

Good

65.26 b

.25 d

Good

Insufficient data

63.07 c

.60* c

Poor

Age 7 75.66 b

.70** b

Good

61.67 c

-.12 d

Poor

Insufficient data

64.41 c

.97** a

Moderate

Age 8 81.91 a

.84** a

Very good

54.55 c

-.04 d

Poor

Insufficient data

87.00 a

.99** a

Very good

Age 9 89.97 a

.86** a

Very good

70.39 b

.23 d

Good

Insufficient data

75.47 b

.91** a

Good

Age 10 84.60 a

.85** a

Very good

60.71 c

.16 d

Poor

Insufficient data

76.96 b

.94** a

Good

Age 11 81.18 a

.76** b

Very good

62.00 c

.00 d

Poor

Insufficient data

82.06 a

.89** a

Very good

Age 12 85.30 a

.85** a

Very good

58.95 c

.61* c

Poor

Insufficient data

78.85 b

.77** b

Good

Age 13 79.97 b

.84** a

Good

64.16 c

.59* c

Poor

Insufficient data

82.89 a

.94** a

Very good

Age 14 78.85 b

.82** a

Good

69.00 b

.72** b

Good

Insufficient data

80.58 a

.95** a

Very good

Age 15 82.76 a

.93** a

Very good

66.16 b

.73** b

Good

Insufficient data

79.59 b

.95** a

Good

Age 16 74.50 b

.86** a

Good

59.88 c

.67** b

Moderate

Insufficient data

74.05 b

.88** a

234

Age 17 80.20 a

.85** a

Very good

70.12 b

.78** b

Good

84.42 a

.95† a

Very good

72.03 b

.85** a

Good

Age 18 69.37 b

.78** b

Good

66.12 b

.70** b

Good

84.84 a

.70 d

Very good

71.36 b

.71** b

Good

Age 19 67.15 b

.76** b

Good

68.12 b

.40 d

Good

75.00 b

.19 d

Good

73.65 b

.76** b

Good

Age 20 73.18 b

.90** a

Good

76.60 b

.78** b

Good

95.52 a

.70 d

Very good

77.76 b

.85** a

Good

Age 21 83.03 a

.88** a

Very good

73.23 b

.71 d

Good

77.90 b

-.74 d

Good

79.86 b

.83* a

Good

Age 22 73.08 b

.85* a

Good

72.73 b

.78† b

Good

99.04 a

.00 d

Very good

84.14 a

.82* a

Very good

Age 23 74.08 b

.86* a

Good

74.02 b

.83* a

Good

78.54 b

-.61 d

Good

83.94 a

.82* a

Very good Total cumulative hours

81.71 a

.86** a

Very good

73.84 b

.72** b

Good

Not collected

82.85 a

.90** a

Very good Age at first participation

in competition 90.65 a .88** a

Very good

88.37 a

.82** a

Very good

Not collected

95.04 a

.98** a

Very good

Highest level of competition

Overall 100.00 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

235

Age 4 93.33 a

N/A Very good

76.92 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 5 73.33 b

N/A Good

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 6 80.00 a

N/A Very good

76.92 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Age 7 60.00 c

N/A Moderate

76.92 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 8 73.33 b

N/A Good

53.85 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 9 80.00 a

N/A Very good

69.23 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Age 10 66.67 b

N/A Good

61.54 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 11 66.67 b

N/A Good

53.85 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 12 80.00 a

N/A Very good

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 13 66.67 b

N/A Good

53.85 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Age 14 66.67 b

N/A Good

69.23 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

236

Age 15 60.00 c

N/A Moderate

61.54 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Age 16 80.00 a

N/A Very good

61.54 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 17 73.33 b

N/A Good

53.85 c

N/A Moderate

75.00 b

N/A Good

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 18 100.00 a

N/A Very good

83.33 a

N/A Very good

83.33 a

N/A Very good

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 19 92.31 a

N/A Very good

72.73 b

N/A Good

80.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 20 100.00 a

N/A Very good

66.67 b

N/A Good

66.67 b

N/A Good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 21 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

66.67 b

N/A Good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 22 100.00 a

N/A Very good

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

100.00 a

N/A Very good

80.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 23 100.00 a

N/A Very good

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

100.00 a

N/A Very good

60.00 c

N/A Moderate

Age at highest level of competition

95.31 a

.82** a

Very good

91.68 a

.84** a

Very good

Not collected

95.00 a

.92** a

Very good

Frequency of competition

Age 4 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

237

Age 5 80.00 a

N/A Very good

76.92 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 6 86.67 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 7 71.43 b

N/A Good

66.67 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 8 57.14 c

N/A Moderate

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 9 64.29 c

N/A Moderate

72.73 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 10 71.43 b

N/A Good

66.67 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 11 64.29 c

N/A Moderate

75.00 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 12 42.86 d

N/A Poor

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

27.27 d

N/A Poor

Age 13 42.86 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Age 14 28.57 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 15 35.71 d

N/A Poor

22.22 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

54.55 c

238

Age 16 50.00 c

N/A Moderate

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Age 17 42.86 d

N/A Poor

44.44 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

18.18 d

N/A Poor

Age 18 57.14 c

N/A Moderate

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

.00 d

N/A Poor

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Age 19 58.33 c

N/A Moderate

62.50 c

N/A Moderate

.00 d

N/A Poor

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

Age 20 62.50 c

N/A Moderate

71.43 b

N/A Good

.00 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

Age 21 40.00 d

N/A Poor

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

.00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

Age 22 75.00 b

N/A Good

66.67 b

N/A Good

.00 d

N/A Poor

25.00 d

N/A Poor

Age 23 25.00 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

25.00 d

N/A Poor

Most significant achievement

Age 4 100.00 a

N/A Very good

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 5 80.00 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Age 6 86.67 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

239

Age 7 73.33 b

N/A Good

84.62 a

N/A Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 8 66.67 b

N/A Good

76.92 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

N/A Very good

Age 9 46.67 d

N/A Poor

69.23 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Age 10 53.33 c

N/A Moderate

69.23 b

N/A Good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

N/A Very good

Age 11 33.33 d

N/A Poor

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

5.45 d

N/A Poor

Age 12 33.33 d

N/A Poor

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 13 13.33 d

N/A Poor

38.46 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 14 26.67 d

N/A Poor

30.77 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Age 15 26.67 d

N/A Poor

7.69 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 16 20.00 d

N/A Poor

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Insufficient data

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 17 46.67 d

N/A Poor

38.46 d

N/A Poor

50.00 c

N/A Moderate

36.36 d

240

Age 18 42.86 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

16.65 d

N/A Poor

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 19 30.77 d

N/A Poor

27.27 d

N/A Poor

10.00 d

N/A Poor

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 20 33.33 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

42.86 d

N/A Poor

Age 21 33.33 d

N/A Poor

16.67 d

N/A Poor

33.33 d

N/A Poor

40.00 d

N/A Poor

Age 22 20.00 d

N/A Poor

20.00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

80.00 a

N/A Very good

Age 23 40.00 d

N/A Poor

20.00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

40.00 d

N/A Poor

Main reason for participation

Age 4 100.00 a

N/A Very good

92.31 a

N/A Very good

Not collected

81.82 b

N/A Good

Age 5 80.00 a

N/A Very good

61.54 c

N/A Moderate

Not collected

72.73 b

N/A Good

Age 6 66.67 b

N/A Good

69.23 b

N/A Good

Not collected

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Age 7 73.33 b

N/A Good

46.15 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

63.64 c

N/A Moderate

Age 8 53.33 c

N/A Moderate

38.46 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

63.64 c

241

Age 9 53.33 c

N/A Moderate

38.46 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 10 46.67 d

N/A Poor

38.46 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

54.55 c

N/A Moderate

Age 11 33.33 d

N/A Poor

38.46 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

36.36 d

N/A Poor

Age 12 33.33 d

N/A Poor

30.77 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

27.27 d

N/A Poor

Age 13 40.00 d

N/A Poor

23.08 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

18.18 d

N/A Poor

Age 14 20.00 d

N/A Poor

7.69 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

27.27 d

N/A Poor

Age 15 20.00 d

N/A Poor

7.69 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

45.45 d

N/A Poor

Age 16 20.00 d

N/A Poor

7.69 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

27.27 d

N/A Poor

Age 17 13.33 d

N/A Poor

7.69 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

18.18 d

N/A Poor

Age 18 14.29 d

N/A Poor

8.33 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

18.18 d

N/A Poor

Age 19 15.38 d

N/A Poor

9.09 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

18.18 d

242

Age 20 .00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

14.29 d

N/A Poor

Age 21 .00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

20.00 d

N/A Poor

Age 22 .00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

.00 d

N/A Poor

Age 23 .00 d

N/A Poor

.00 d

N/A Poor

Not collected

18.18 d

N/A Poor

Note. Superscript letters denote classification of percent agreement values and correlation statistics.

a_{Very good agreement/correlation classification.} b_{Good agreement/correlation classification.} c_{Moderate agreement/correlation classification.} d_{Poor agreement/correlation classification.}

243 Table 9

Validity and Reliability of Recall for Detailed History of Involvement in Main Sport: Conditions of Practice

Item

Concurrent validity

Convergent validity (parents)

Convergent validity (coaches)

Test-retest reliability

Percent agreement value Intraclass correlation coefficient

Overall rating

Supervised group practice

Age at first participation

95.71 a

.98** a

Very Good

87.35 a

.82** a

Very Good

Insufficient data

98.33 a

1.00** a

Very Good Hours per year

Age 4 90.07 a

.53** c

Very Good

81.73 a

.54* c

Very good

Insufficient data

96.71 a

.91** a

Very good

Age 5 74.08 b

.46* d

Good

57.90 c

.11 d

Poor

Insufficient data

71.46 b

.38† d

Good

Age 6 74.05 b

.32 d

Good

64.19 c

.16 d

Poor

Insufficient data

77.17 b

.39† d

Good

Age 7 80.64 a

.38* d

Very good

49.34 d

-.09 d

Poor

Insufficient data

57.69 c

.94** a

Moderate

Age 8 74.61 b

.58** c

Good

46.02 d

-.03 d

Poor

Insufficient data

65.73 b

.94** a

Good

Age 9 76.80 b

.75** b

Good

62.78 c

.31 d

Poor

Insufficient data

66.95 b

.88** a

244

Age 10 82.00 a

.88** a

Very good

51.43 c

.12 d

Poor

Insufficient data

69.88 b

.94** a

Good

Age 11 79.22 b

.83** a

Good

50.21 c

.15 d

Poor

Insufficient data

72.85 b

.90** a

Good

Age 12 75.75 b

.85** a

Good

50.80 c

.61** c

Poor

Insufficient data

68.36 b

.84** a

Good

Age 13 73.47 b

.85** a

Good

54.43 c

.60** c

Poor

Insufficient data

71.00 b

.94** a

Good

Age 14 79.85 b

.85** a

Good

62.24 c

.69** b

Moderate

Insufficient data

71.39 b

.95** a

Good

Age 15 72.34 b

.83** a

Good

64.94 c

.75** b

Moderate

Insufficient data

70.18 b

.97** a

Good

Age 16 69.63 b

.81** a

Good

60.60 c

.72** b

Moderate

Insufficient data

63.03 c

.91** a

Moderate

Age 17 70.86 b

.77** b

Good

64.72 c

.65** b

Moderate

76.07b

.62 d

Good

60.25 c

.89** a

Moderate

Age 18 74.43 b

.85** a

Good

66.80 b

.64** c

Good

71.90 b

.92 d

Good

64.36 c

.76** b

Moderate

Age 19 69.53 b

.84** a

Good

63.42 c

.20 d

Poor

57.03 c

.17 d

Poor

68.25 b

.83** a

Good

Age 20 75.16 b

.93** a

Good

73.47 b

.82** a

Good

92.52 a

.70 d

Very good

79.39 b

.90** a

245

Age 21 74.02 b

.88** a

Good

72.12 b

.74† b

Good

77.90 b

-.74 d

Good

79.10 b

.88* a

Good

Age 22 74.56 b

.90** a

Good

68.79 b

.88* a

Good

94.91 a

.00 d

Very good

80.34 a

.87* a

Very good

Age 23 74.00 b

.90** a

Good

68.79 b

.88* a

Good

76.64 b

-.67 d

Good

70.55 b

.88* a

Good Total cumulative hours 83.33 a

.88** a

Very good

71.26 b

.75** b

Good

Insufficient data

81.22 a

.93** a

Very good

Supervised individual practice

Age at first participation

96.40 a

.50 d

Very good

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

93.75 a

.80 d

Very good Hours per year

Age 4 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 5 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 6 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 7 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 8 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

246

Age 9 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 10 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 11 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 12 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 13 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

0.00 d

Very good

Age 14 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

0.00 d

Very good

Age 15 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

0.00 d

Very good

Age 16 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

93.23 a

0.48† d

Very good

Age 17 73.33 b

.00 d

Good

71.79 b

.02 d

Good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

93.23 a

0.48† d

Very good

Age 18 89.36 a

0.51* c

Very good

83.33 a

.00 d

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

90.91 a

0.00 d

Very good

Age 19 76.73 b

0.61** c

Good

80.00 a

.00 d

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

76.80 b

0.59* c

247

Age 20 77.34 b

0.08 d

Good

75.00 b

.00 d

Good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

67.90 b

0.62* c

Good

Age 21 77.49 b

0.01 d

Good

80.00 a

.00 d

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

75.06 b

0.70† b

Good

Age 22 71.69 b

-.04 d

Good

75.00 b

.00 d

Good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

75.06 b

0.70† b

Good

Age 23 71.69 b

-.04 d

Good

75.00 b

.00 d

Good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

75.06 b

0.70† b

Good Total cumulative hours 58.90 c

.07 d

Poor

Insufficient data

Insufficient data

75.33 b

.40 d

Good

Unsupervised individual practice

Age at first participation

61.72 c

.13 d

Poor

58.51 c

-.18 d

Poor

Insufficient data

66.48 b

-.95 d

Good Hours per year

Age 4 100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Insufficient data

100.00 a

1.00** a

Very good

Age 5 93.33 a

.00 d

Very good

92.31 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

90.91 a

.00 d

Very good

Age 6 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

.00 d

Very good

Age 7 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

81.82 a

.00 d

248

Age 8 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

-.02 d

Good

Age 9 86.67 a

.00 d

Very good

84.62 a

.00 d

Very good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

-.02 d

Good

Age 10 73.33 b

.00 d

Good

69.23 b

.00 d

Good

Insufficient data

63.64 c

-.03 d

Poor

Age 11 73.33 b

.00 d

Good

69.23 b

.00 d

Good

Insufficient data

63.64 c

-.03 d

Poor

Age 12 73.33 b

.00 d

Good

69.23 b

.00 d

Good

Insufficient data

72.73 b

.00 d

Good

Age 13 66.67 b

.00 d

Good

61.54 c

.00 d

Poor

Insufficient data

71.85 b

.15 d

Good

Age 14 60.00 c

.00 d

Poor

53.85 c

.00 d

Poor

Insufficient data

72.47 b

.06 d

Good

Age 15 46.67 d

-.16 d

Poor

46.15 d

-.07 d

Poor

Insufficient data

71.54 b

.11 d

Good

Age 16 73.33 b

.10 d

Good

53.85 c

-.16 d

Poor

Insufficient data

65.03 b

-.10 d

Good

Age 17 66.67 b

.30 d

Good

53.85 c

-.16 d

Poor

50.00 c

.45 d

Poor

65.03 b

-.13 d

Good

Age 18 51.67 c

.39† d

Poor

48.45 d

.33 d

Poor

66.67 b

.48 d

Good

67.10 b

.11 d

249

Age 19 53.64 c

.11 d

Poor

50.87 c

.19 d

Poor

80.00 a

-.04 d

Very good

55.07 c

.02 d

Poor

Age 20 62.85 c

.26 d

Poor

51.01 c

-.02 d

Poor

66.67 b

.00 d

Good

47.25 d

-.14 d

Poor

Age 21 66.67 b

-.03 d

Good

60.00 c

-.06 d

Poor

66.67 b

.00 d

Good

66.15 b

.07 d

Good

Age 22 60.00 c

-.03 d

Poor

50.00 c

-.08 d

Poor

50.00 c

.00 d

Poor

66.15 b

.07 d

Good

Age 23 60.00 c

-.03 d

Poor

50.00 c

-.08 d

Poor

66.67 b

.00 d

Good

66.15 b

.07 d

Good Total cumulative hours 51.72 c

.13 d

Poor

44.96 d

.00 d

Poor

Insufficient data

57.59 c

.00 d

Poor

Unsupervised sport-specific play

Age at first participation

83.34 a

.96* a

Very good

66.56 b

.75 d

Good

Insufficient data

88.89 a

.88 d

Very good Hours per year

Age 4 80.00 a

.00 d

Very good

76.92 b

-.06 d

Good

Insufficient data

88.77 a

.93** a

Very good

Age 5 80.00 a

.00 d

Very good

76.92 b

-.08 d

Good

Insufficient data

79.97 b

.31 d

Good

Age 6 80.64 a

.15 d

Very good

76.92 b

-.08 d

Good

Insufficient data

80.28 a

.42† d