Martin E. Smith
CURRICULUM VITAE
Personal data Address Work
Birthdate: 12 November 1955 Midtveis Bioforsk Svanhovd Married, 2 children 9925 Svanvik 9925 Svanvik Pers. Nr. 12115530354 Norway Norway
+47 480 76 255 Tel. +47 480 76 255 [email protected] EDUCATION
2006 Granted the designation of Certified Wildlife Biologist (CWS) by the Certification Review Board of The Wildlife Society
1994 University of Alaska Fairbanks. Masters of Science in Wildlife Management, 3.2 GPA. Exchange student at Institute for Biology and Nature Management, Agricultural University of Norway from January 1991. Thesis entitled "Black bear denning ecology and habitat selection in Interior Alaska." Field work included capture, immobilization, radio-collaring and tracking of instrumented black bears from helicopters, airplanes, boats, snow machines, and from the ground, together with vegetation and soils analyses.
1987 University of Montana, Missoula, Montana. Bachelor of Science degree in Wildlife Biology, 3.3 GPA.
1976 Finished apprenticeship training and received Journeyman’s certification to the International Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners.
Additional Relevant Courses:
1998 Accreditation Course in Laboratory Animal Science, Norwegian College of Veterinary Medicine, Oslo. Accredited as FELASA Category C, Researcher (Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations).
1995 “Distance” Sampling and Analysis, University of Colorado, Hedmark University College, Evanstad, Norway
1990: Intensive Norwegian Language Course, Levels two and three. University of Oslo, Blindern, Norway
WORK EXPERIENCE
Aug. 2005 – Present: Wildlife Biologist, Bioforsk Soil and Environment, Svanhovd, Norwegian Institute for Agricultural and Environmental Research, Svanvik (Supervisor Paul Erik Aspholm). Senior researcher charged with developing wildlife projects in cooperation with Russia and Finland. Primary research interests include behavioural ecology, particularly large carnivore-human conflicts; reindeer breeding behaviour, and general wildlife conflict
resolution.
Mar. 2004 – Aug. 2005: Project Leader, Nord-Trøndelag University College, Steinkjer (Supervisor: Tor Kvam); Led project to establish a one-year Program in Nature Conservation and Management to be taught in English. The plan is to enable foreign students to study here in Steinkjer to help increase the international profile of the school. Employed with a forty percent position.
Sept. 2000 – Dec. 2003: Carnivore Biologist, Defenders of Wildlife, Washington D.C. (Supervisor: Nina Fascione); provided scientific guidance to Defenders staff and ensured scientific accuracy of formal comments, testimony, legal positions, and reports; assisted with
development and implementation of national and regional conservation strategies; conducted technical and policy research; prepared comments, reports, web page articles, and popular
publications; created or responded to media opportunities; maintained and/or fostered good working relationships with scientists, government agencies, other NGOs, and private individuals.
June 1996 - Sept. 2000: Researcher, Agricultural University of Norway (NLH), Department of Animal Science (Project leader: Øystein Holand). "The composition of males and its meaning for sustainable management of wild and semi-domestic reindeer populations”. Responsible for developing the research plan; leading the fieldwork (up to 8 field assistants), collecting behavioral observations; monitoring the health and status of the captive herd of 120 reindeer; taking blood samples and weights regularly; and analysis and publication of the data. The project demanded good organizational skills because there were several cooperators from different countries.
April 1996 - Mar. 2000: Researcher, Nord-Trøndelag College, (Project Leader: Reidar Anderson, NINA). “Testing of methods for reducing predation on sheep.” Developed a research plan for practical tests of promising anti-predation measures for sheep (herding, use of night corrals and livestock guardian dogs); supervised 3 MS students plus 6 assistants; monitored the weights and health of the flock and guardian animals; and lead the shepherds and trainees on a 2 week tour of Italian grazing systems.
Nov. 1998 - Feb 1999: Consultant, Environmental Consultants Inc. (ENCO). Performed formal environmental impact analyses for five proposed windmill projects. Collected data and reviewed the literature; conducted field surveys of the impacted areas; and solicited opinions of local experts; and completed formal reports.
Feb. 1996 - May 1996 Researcher, Nord-Trøndelag College (Project leader: John Linnell, NINA) "Reduction of predator - livestock conflicts: a national and international analysis". Work involved a comprehensive literature study, a fact-finding tour of similarly affected areas in western USA and direct contact with researchers and managers throughout the world. Results were published in a report and a series of articles that were incorporated into the National Policy on predator management.
Jul. 1995 - Sep. 1995, Field Assistant/Consultant, Tjøtta Rural Development Center (Project leader: Inger Hansen, Planteforsk.no) with the project "Use of Great Pyrenees dogs as protection against sheep predation". Work involved behavioral studies of dogs, carcass search and identification, and registration of tracks and sign.
Apr. 1994 - Jun. 1995, Researcher, NLH, Institute for Biology and Nature Management (Project leader: Christian Nelleman, NINA) "Historical use and exploitation of the Romerike
Landscape Preservation Area." Work involved analysis of aerial photos to record the changes in the vegetation characteristics over time.
Aug. 1992 - Mar. 1993, Research Assistant, NLH, Institute of Animal Sciences (Project leader: Erik Ropstad, Norwegian School of Veterinary Science). "Reproduction physiology of reindeer." Designed and constructed a holding facility for 30 captive reindeer; monitored the health and condition of the herd; collection of data including blood, ultrasound measurements, etc.), and treatment of sick animals.
May 1993 - Nov. 1995: Researcher and Field Assistant with NINA, NLH, and Akershus County Governor, Environmental Department (Project leader: Leif Kastdalen) with the project: "Moose in Romerike." Work involved tracking radio-collared moose from the ground and air, developing and testing aerial tracking methods, direct observations of moose, statistical analyses and reporting. Another project "Edge zones as spreading corridors for animals and plants in the agricultural landscape”. Work involved establishment of 5 bumblebee nests, mark-recapture studies, behavioral observations and vegetation mapping.
Sep. 1990 - Jan. 1991, Teaching Assistant, Biology and Wildlife Department, University of Alaska Fairbanks. (Supervisor: Douglas Schamel). Taught 2 sections (ca. 20 students each) of an introductory lab in biology for non-majors.
Nov. 1987 - Dec. 1987, Research Assistant, Craighead Wildlife Wildlands Institute, (Project leader: Jack Hogg). Behavioral study of Rocky Mountain big horn sheep through the breeding season. Work involved recording the dominance hierarchy among the rams then observing their breeding activity throughout the season.
Apr. 1987 - Oct. 1987, Biologist, Montana Power Company Environmental Department, (Supervisor: Frank Pickett). Wrote consequence evaluations for the wildlife sections of "Environmental Impact Statements" for several hydroelectric projects, evaluated consultant reports, collected samples of lake and river sediments, analyzed water quality, and mapped wetland vegetation. Jan. 1984-March 1984: Research Assistant, Montana Department of Fish, Wildlife and Parks,
Missoula, Montana (Project leader:Dr. Scott Brainerd). Work included establishing and regular inspection of ca. 80 km of trapline, construction of box traps and radio collaring and monitoring of lynx and bobcats.
Apr. 1983 - Dec. 1985 and Jun. 1982 - Dec. 1982:, Border Grizzly Project, University of Montana, Missoula (Supervisor: Chuck Jonkel). Work involved developing and testing repellents to defend against bear attacks and development of methods to aversively condition “problem bears.” Included securing funding; construction of holding facilities for captive bears; capture, immobilization, and radiocollaring free-ranging bears; radio tracking from land and air; and supervision of 4-8 field assistants.
1973-1983: Worked as an apprentice and then Journeyman Carpenter for George Hyman Construction Company and Pew Construction.
PUBLICATIONS:
International book2004 Facione, N., A. Delach and M. E. Smith (eds.). 2004. Predators and People: From Conflict to Conservation. Island Press. Washington D.C. 285 pages
International journals
2006 Smith, M. E., S. Wikan, P. E. Aspholm, T. A. Bjørn, P. M. Knappskog, L. Ollila, L. Jensen, & H. G. Eiken. 2006. Status of the brown bear population in the Pasvik Valley, Norway using DNA analysis of scat samples. Dynamics of Game Animals populations in Northern Europe, the IV International Symposium, September 18-22, 2006 4: 54-56.
Ollila, L., M. E. Smith, S. Wikan, P. E. Aspholm & H. G. Eiken. 2006. Recent increase in brown bear observations do not correspond to changes in the population size of bear population in the Pasvik Valley, Norway.. Poster Abstract. Dynamics of Game Animals Populations in Northern Europa, The IV International Symposium, September 18-22 2006 4: 45-47
Holand, Ø, R. B. Weladji, K. H. Røed, H. Gjøstein, J. Kumpula, J.-M. Gaillard, M. E. Smith and M. Nieminen. 2006. Male age structure influences females’ mass change during rut in a polygynous ungulate: the reindeer (Rangifer tarandus). J. of Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 59:682-688. 2005 Musiani, Marco, Tyler Muhly, C. Cormack Gates, Carolyn Callaghan, Martin E. Smith, and Elisabetta
Tosoni. 2005. Seasonality and reoccurrence of depredation and wolf control in western North America. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 33:876–887.
2004 Holand, Øystein , Robert B. Weladji, Hallvard Gjøstein, Jouko Kumpula, Martin E. Smith, Mauri
Nieminen and Knut H. Røed. 2004. “Reproductive effort in relation to maternal social rank in reindeer (Rangifer tarandus).” Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 57:69–76.
Holand, Øystein, H. Gjøstein, A. Losvar, J. Kumpula, M. E. Smith, K. H. Røed, M. Nieminen, and R. B. Weladji. 2004. Social rank in female reindeer (Rangifer tarandus): effects of body mass, antler size and age. Journal of Zoology, 263:365-372.
Musiani, Marco, Tyler Muhly, Carolyn Callaghan, C. Cormack Gates, Martin E. Smith, Suzanne Stone, and Elisabetta Tosoni. “Wolves in rural agricultural areas of western North America: conflict and conservation.” Pages 51–75 IN: Nina Fascione, Aimee Delach , Martin E. Smith (Editors) 2004. People and Predators: From Conflict to Coexistence.” Island Press, Washington D.C. 285 Pages.
2003 Holand, Øystein, Knut H. Røed, Atle Mysterud, Jouko Kumpula, Mauri Nieminen, Martin E. Smith. 2003. “The effect of sex ratio and male age structure on reindeer calving.” Journal of Wildlife Management, 67:25-33
2002 Røed, Knut H., Øystein Holand, Martin E. Smith, Hallvard Gjøstein, Jouko Kumpula, Mauri Nieminen. 2002. “Reproductive success in reindeer males in a herd with varying sex ratio.” Molecular Ecology, 11:1239-1243
2000 Smith, M. E., J. D. C. Linnell, J. Odden, and J. E. Swenson. 2000. “Review of methods to reduce livestock depredation: Guardian Animals.” Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 50:279-290.
Smith, M. E., J. D. C. Linnell, J. Odden, and J. E. Swenson. 2000. Review of methods to reduce livestock depredation II: Aversive Conditioning, Deterrents, and Repellents. Acta Agric. Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science, 50:304-315.
1999 Linnell, J. D. C., R. Aanes, J. E. Swenson, J. Odden, and M. E. Smith. 1999. “Large carnivores that kill livestock: do "problem individuals" really exist?” Wildlife Society Bull., 27:698-705.
Hansen, I., and M. E. Smith. 1999. “Livestock-guarding dogs in Norway. Part II: Different working regimes.” Journal of Range Management, 52:312-316.
1998 Staaland, H., Ø. Holand, C. Nellemann and M. Smith. 1998. “Time scale for forest regrowth: abandoned grazing and agricutural areas in southern Norway.” Ambio, 27: 456-460.
1997 Linnell, J. D. C., R. Aanes, J. E. Swenson, J. Odden, and M. E. Smith. 1997. “Translocation of carnivores as a method for managing problem animal: a review.” Biodiversity and Conservation, 6:1245-1257. 1996 Linnell, J. D. C., M. E. Smith, J. Odden, J. E. Swenson, and P. Kaczensky. 1996. Carnivores and Sheep Farming in Norway. 4. Strategies for the Reduction of Carnivore - Livestock - Conflicts: a Review. NINA Oppdragsmelding, 443:1-118.
1994 Smith, M. E., J. L. Hechtel, and E. H. Follmann. 1994. “Black bear denning ecology in Interior Alaska.” Ursus, 9:513-522.
1993 Smith, M. E. and E. H. Follmann. 1993. “Grizzly bear, Ursus arctos, predation of a denned adult black bear, Ursus americanus.” Canadian Field-Naturalist, 107:97-99.
Manuscrips (In-prep)
Smith, M. E. et al. Monitoring of the Pasvik-Inari brown bear population using DNA hair sampling: density and population size estimates.
Smith, M. E. and F. O. Christiansen. “The cost and efficacy of using herding and livestock guarding dogs to reduce sheep depredation in Lierne, Norway.”
Smith, M. E, Ø. Holand, K. Røed, J. Kumpula, and M. Nieminen. “Movements of female semi-domestic reindeer during the breeding period related to mate choice.”
Smith, M. E, Ø. Holand, K. Røed, J. Kumpula, and M. Nieminen. “Activity patterns of semi-domestic reindeer during the rut under different male compositions.”
Smith, M. E., J. L. Hechtel, and E. H. Follmann. In prep. Black bear habitat use and den site selection in Interior Alaska. Submitted to Journal of Wildlife Management. (Under revision).
Smith, M. E., C. L. Hunt, and C. J. Jonkel. In Prep. Testing of repellents and deterrents on captive and free-ranging black and grizzly bears.
Norwegian reports (first author)
Smith, M. E., H. G. Eiken, L. E. Ollila, C. Tobiassen, S. G.Bjervamoen, P. E. Aspholm og I. Wartiainen. 2008. Hair snares applied to detect brown bears in the vicinity of farms in the Pasvik Valley 2008. Bioforsk Report Vol. 3 No. 169: 1-22.
Smith, M. E., H. G. Eiken, L. E. Ollila, C. Tobiassen, S. G.Bjervamoen, P. E. Aspholm og I. Wartiainen. 2008. Forsøk med hårfeller som påvisningsmetode for brunbjørn nær gårdsbruk i Pasvikdalen høsten 2008. Bioforsk Rapport Vol. 3 nr. 145: 1-22.
Smith, M. E., L. Ollila, S.G. Bjervamoen, H.G. Eiken, P.E. Aspholm, A. Kopatz, J. Aspi, T. Kyykkä, T. Ollila, P. Sulkava, O. Makarova, N. Polikarpova, and I. Kojola. 2007 Final Report: Monitoring of the Pasvik-Inari brown bear population using hair snares. Final Report Pasvik-Pasvik-Inari Trilateral Park Monitoring. A Project under the Interreg IIIA North –Neighbourhood Programme and The North Calotte Council Environment Coop. 9 s
Smith, M. E. 1999. Effekt av etablering vindkraftverk på hjorteviltpopulasjoner. NVE og DN seminaret, Folketshus, Oslo, 3-4 November 1999. (The effect of establishing windmill parks on deer populations. Invited speaker at Norwegian Energy Department and Department of Nature Management Seminar).
Smith, M. E. 1999. Vindkraft på Hitra. En konsekvensutredning om fauna (ekskl. Fugl). Rapport utarbeidet for ENCO Environmental Consultants på oppdrag av Statkraft SF. 26s. (Wind power on Hitra. A consequence evaluation for fauna [excluding birds].)
Smith, M. E. 1999. Vindkraft på Smøla. En konsekvensutredning om fauna (ekskl. Fugl). Rapport utarbeidet for ENCO Environmental Consultants på oppdrag av Statkraft SF. 29s. (Wind power on Smøla. A consequence evaluation for fauna [excluding birds].)
Smith, M. E. 1999. Vindkraft på Stadlandet. En konsekvensutredning om fauna (ekskl. Fugl). Rapport utarbeidet for ENCO Environmental Consultants på oppdrag av Statkraft SF. 26s. (Wind power on Stadlandet. A consequence evaluation for fauna [excluding birds].)
Smith, M. E., L. Kastdalen, og P. E. Sannes. 1996. Elgens områdevalg. Kap. 6 (s.31-42) i: Kastdalen. Romerikeselgen og Gardermoutbyggingen. Hovedrapport fra Elgprosjekt på Øvre Romerike. Fylkesmannen i Oslo og Akershus, miljøvernavdelingen. 115 s. (Moose habitat selection. Chap. 6 (pages 31-42) in L. Kastdalen (ed.), The moose of Romerike and building of Gardermoen [new international airport].)
Smith, M. E. 1993. Elgtrekk på Romerike - Sporregistrering fra 1988 til 1993. Fylkesmannen i Oslo og Akershus, Miljøvernavdelingen. Notat. 43s. (Seasonal moose migration in Romerike - Track registrations from 1988-93. County Governor's Environmental Dept. Report. 43 pp.)
Smith, M. E. 1993. Gardermoen elgprosjekt, rapport for sommeren 1993. Fylkesmannen i Oslo og Akershus, Miljøvernavdelingen. Intern rapport. 45s. (Gardermoen moose project, Internal Report: sommer 1993 [Note: Gardermoen is a new international airport under construction])
Smith, M. E. 1991. Black bear denning ecology in Interior Alaska. SFFL, FAGINFO: Naturforvaltning. Nr. 23:227-236. (SFFL, [National Information Service for Agriculture], Subject area: Natural Resource Management.)
Norsk rapporter (med forfatter)
Bjervamoen, S. G., H. G. Eiken, M. E. Smith, H. Brøseth, P. E. Aspholm, E. Maartmann, P. Wabakken, P. M. Knappskog og I. Wartiainen. 2008. Populasjonsovervåkning av brunbjørn 2005-2008: Rapport for Sør-Norge, 2007. Bioforsk Rapport Vol. 3, Nr. 52: 1-44.
Hind L. J., I. Hansen, S. Brainerd & M. Smith. 2007. El-sikring av bigårder mot bjørnengrep. Bioforsk Rapport, Vol. 2 Nr. 152 2007
Brainerd, S., Levin, M., Smith, M., Karlsson, J. & Linnell, J. 2006. Å leve med bjørn - birøkt i bjørneområder. En informasjonsbrosjyre fra NINA, Bioforsk og Viltskadecenter i Sverige. - Viltskadecenter, Ridderhyttan ; Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Trondheim ; Bioforsk, Ås. 4 pp.
Brainerd, S., Levin, M., Smith, M., Karlsson, J. & Linnell, J. 2006. Å leve med bjørn - for innbyggere i bjørneområde. En informasjonsbrosjyre fra NINA, Bioforsk og Viltskadecenter i Sverige. - Viltskadecenter, Ridderhyttan ; Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Trondheim ; Bioforsk, Ås. 4 pp. Brainerd, S., Linnell, J., Smith, M., Levin, M. & Karlsson, J. 2006. Å leve med bjørn. Friluftsliv i
bjørneområder. En informasjonsbrosjyre fra Viltskadecenter i Sverige, Norsk institutt for
naturforskning (NINA) og Bioforsk - Svanhovd. - Viltskadecenter, Ridderhyttan ; Norsk institutt for naturforskning, Trondheim ;. 4 pp.
Eiken, H.G., S. G. Bjervamoen, M. E. Smith, H. Brøseth, S. Wikan, L. Jensen, P.M. Knappskog, T-A. Bjørn, L. Ollila and P.E. Aspholm. 2007. Populasjonsovervåkning av brunbjørn 2005-2008: Rapport for Sør-Trøndelag, Nord-Sør-Trøndelag, Nordland, Troms og Finnmark 2006. Bioforsk Rapport 2(47): 1-29. Eiken, H. G., S. Wikan, M. E.Smith, L. Jensen, H. Brøseth, P. M. Knappskog, T. A. Bjørn, L. Ollila, & P. E.
Aspholm. 2006. Populasjonsovervåkning av brunbjørn 2005-2008: Rapport for Sør-Varanger, Finnmark for 2004 og 2005. Bioforsk Rapport Vol. 1 Nr. 62: 1-18.
Krogstad, S., F. Christiansen, M. E. Smith, O. C. Røste, N. Aanesland, R. H. Tillung og L. Thorud. 2000. Forebyggende tiltak mot rovdyrskader på sau. Gjeting og bruk av vokterhund i Lierne. Sluttrapport: 1997 - 2000. NINA fagrapport 41: 1-66. (Mitigating measures for predation of sheep. Herding and the use of livestock guardian dogs in Lierne. Final Report: 1997 - 2000.)
Linnell, J.D.C., M. E. Smith, J. Odden, P., Kaczensky, and J. E. Swenson. 1997. Rovvilt og sauenæring i Norge. 5. Stategier for å redusere av rovvilt – husdyr konflikter: en litteraturoversikt. NINA Oppdragsmelding 444:1-24. (A shortened Norwegian version of the publication above.) Hansen, I., M. E. Smith & Ø. Trondsen. 1997. Bruk av vokterhund og andre forebyggende tiltak mot
Hansen, I., M. E. Smith, og Ø. Trondsen. 1996. Bruk av vokterhund og andre forebyggende tiltak mot rovdyrskader på bufe-erfaringer fra USA. Final Rapport, Norsk institutt for planteforskning. 14 s.(+5 vedlegg). (The use of livestock guardian dogs and other mitigating measures against livestock predation - experience from USA.)
Linnell, J.D.C., M. E. Smith, J. Odden, P., Kaczensky, and J. E. Swenson. 1996. Carnivores and sheep farming in Norway. 4. Strategies for the reduction of carnivore - livestock conflicts: a review. NINA
Oppdragsmelding 443:1-118
Mysterud, I., J. E. Swenson, J. D. C. Linnell, A. O. Gautestad, I. Mysterud, J. Odden, M. E. Smith, R. Aanes, og P. Kaczensky. 1996. Rovvilt og sauenæring i Norge: Kunnskapsoversikt og evaluering av
forebyggende tiltak. Sluttrapport. 18 s. (Carnivores and sheep farming in Norway: a survey of the information and evaluation of mitigating measures. Final report.).
Wartiainen, I., C. Tobiassen, S. G. Bjervamoen, M. E. Smith, S. Wikan og H. G. Eiken. 2008. DNA analyse av sporprøver fra brunbjørn, Øst-Finnmark 2007. Bioforsk Rapport Vol. 3 Nr. 127: 1-28.
Popular Scientific and International Conferences
Smith, M. E. 2008. Hair snares – A tool to identify individuals and monitor populations of brown bears. Pages 22-23 IN: Barents Watch 2008, (also produced in Norwegian and Russian). www.barentswatch.com. Smith, M.E., L. Ollila, S.G. Bjervamoen, H.G. Eiken, P.E. Aspholm, I. Wartiainen, A. Kopatz, J. Aspi, T.
Kyykkä, T. Ollila, P. Sulkava, O. Makarova, N. Polikarpova, R.A. Ims and I. Kojola. 2007. Population monitoring of the borderlands brown bear in the Pasvik-Inari region of Norway, Finland and Russia using non-invasive hair sampling. Poster 18th International Conference on Bear Research and Management, Monterrey, Mexico.
Smith, M. E., Ø. Holand, K. Røed, J. Kumpula, M. Nieminen, og V. Tervonen. 1998. Skifter simlene harem gjennom brunsten? Rangifer, Rapport No. 2:48-49. (Abstract Only).
Smith, M. E., Ø. Holand, K. H. Røed, J. Kumpula and M. Nieminen. 1999. Harem dynamics of semi-domestic reindeer under different herd compositions of males. Poster: 10th Arctic Ungulate Conference, Tromsø, Norway 9-12 Aug 1999.
Gjøstein, H., Ø. Holand, K. H. Røed, J. Kumpula, M. Nieminen and M. E. Smith. 1999. Does maternal dominance rank influence calving dates or calving weights? Poster: 10th Arctic Ungulate Conference, Tromsø, Norway 9-12 Aug 1999.
Holand, Ø., J. Kumpula, M. Nieminen, K. Røed, M. Smith, og V. Tervonen. 1997. Storbukk eller småbukk i reindrifta? Reindriftsnytt 3: 24-27& Isoja hirvaita vaiko urakoita poronhoidossa. Poromies 6/97: 6-9. Holand, Ø., K. H. Røed, J. Kumpula, M. Nieminen and M. E. Smith. 1999. Effect of male composition during rut on reproductive parameters in semi-domestic reindeer. Poster: 10th Arctic Ungulate Conference, Tromsø, Norway 9-12 Aug 1999.
Holand, Ø., K. H. Røed, M. Nieminen, M. E. Smith, and J. Kumpula. 2000. »Bukk fra luften, bukk fra bunnen ..». In: Nowegian Research Council. Final report from the research program on sustainable use of natural areas (Norwegian: "Utmarksprogram").
Hofmann, K. C., M. Nieminen, Ø. Holand, M. E. Smith, K. Røed, J. Kumpula og V. Tervonen. 1998. Feiing av bast hos tamrein (Rangifer tarandus tarandus)i forbindelse med reproduksjon. Rangifer, Rapport No. 2:53-54. (Abstract Only).
Røed, K., Ø. Holand, J. Kumpula, M. Nieminen, og M. Smith. 1998. Bukkenes reproduksjonsuksess i reindrifta. Rangifer, Rapport No. 2:48-49. (Abstract Only).
