Measured crop performance small grain 1955

(1)

July 1955

Measured crop performance

SMALL GRAIN

1955

W. H. RANKIN, Research Associate Professor In Charge Variety Testing

and

F. W. BRITTAIN, Research Instructor

Department of Agronomy N. C. State College

(2)

By

NORTH CAROLINA AGRICttLTltRAL

EXPFR'~AENT STAT ION AND EXT ENS ION SERV ICE'

(oevised July 1955)

MOUNTAINS

Oats F'orkedeer

ArIington

5/

At'antlc

-\Nheat Thorne Barley Colonial 2 PIEDMONT Oats

ArIington

Vfctorgrain

UR-93

Fulgrain Fu 'wood

'~'oodgra; n

Wheat

11

Anderson

II

Atlas

50

~/ Atlas

66--Coker

47 ..

21

Taylor

21

Knox Bar Iey

Colonial 2

Davie

Marconee

COASTAL PLAIN

Oats

ArIington

Victorgrain 48-q3 F'ulgrain F'ulwood \Moodgra in Wheat

!V

Anderson 1/

Atlas SO

'!/

Atlas

66-Coker J~1 - 21

Parley Colonial 2 Davie

2./

2/

,/

-~

---~.-

_.---_

..

_---Should be harvested as ear'y as possible to prevent excess weather damage to

grain.

Atlas

50

under heavy mi 'dew conditions may be expected to excel.

Has fair mosaic resistance. Taylor

49

high Mosaic resistance to be available

in 1956.

On mosaic land in Piedmont f Chancel lor and Thorne may be used.

Has winterkil led in Mountain area during severe wInters.

Issued July 18,

1955

(3)

Introduction

Variet\1 evaluatIon trials are conducted each year on fermer fields by the

North Carotine Agricultural Experiment StationJ and this report presents records

of performance of commercially avai I~b'e and orospective varieties of oats, wheat and barley. Seasonal conditions differ-from year to year and a variety that

appears to be excel tent for a single ye~r may not prove to be consIstently superior. Records of th~ee or more years duration present a better basis for choosing

varieties that are more Iikely to -cons"-tstentfy excel. Therefore Oi,!~' ~hose that have been tested for three consecutive·years·

(1953, 1954

and

1955)

are comper ed in graphic form.

The annual performance (vle td ) re-CO'rd"s (1'955) are presented in tables by

areas and by crops.

Since smal I grains occupy a retatively smaI , acreage in the mountain counties

offfcial variety tests are not ~nducted in this area.

The small grain breeding program uti lizes the MountaIn R~search Station near

Waynesvl lie to evaluate its prospective new varieties for winter hardiness and cold

(4)

Five field tests were conducted on private farms and branch research" farms during the 1954 - 1955 season and represent different soil and climatic conditions and areas of most concentrated small grain production.

The testing agency recognizes the cooperative spirit and civic -minded service rendered by the following farmers who have furnished the land and prepared it for these tests.

The County Agents have contributed liberally of their time in locating and observing these tests as well as utilizing the information derived from them.

1. Farm of Fred A. Sigmon, Catawba County, Newton RII. County Agent J. F. Giles and Assistants cooperating.

Z, Farm of C. L. Hatley, Stanly Co untv , New London RII. County Agent V. A. Honeycutt and Assistants cooperating.

3. Farm of J. M. Spear, Yadkin County. Boonville RH. County Agent R. D. Smith and Assistants cooperating.

4. Farm of W. B. Rodman, E. L. Slack, Mg r , , Beaufort County, Pantego. County Agent M. P. Chesnutt and Assistants cooperating.

(5)

Age'2.cies Sponsoring Entries

Coker Pedigreed Seed Co., Hartsvf' Ie, S.C.

North Carolina Agricultural ExperTment Statton, Raleigh_J N.C.

Management ~ ~ Fields

Cuttural practices such as seedbed preparation, date of seeding, ferti liza-tion, amount and time of topdressingJ were In accord with good farm practice and

recommendations of N.C. Aqr , Experi ment Stat ton and Extens ion Servi ce , Seasonal Cond; rions

Seedings were made under dry conditions in Piedmont but rain fol lowed within one week after seeding and very good germination and stands were obtained with oats and wheat. Barley stands in Piedmont were tess favorable.

The two tests in the Coastel Plain were planted under favorable conditions

and excel lent stands resulted.

Very good stands were maintained on winter-hardy and medium winrer-hardy entries. In the Yadkin County test the less winter hardy, the early matur:,1g oats

were injured more by fow temperatures and sot I heaving. However satisfactory stands were maintained.

The tate spring freeze (f8 to PO degrees on March 27,28 and 29) tnjured or kllted primary ti tiers of most varieties.

The earlier, more advanced varieties were damaged the most. The early

maturing, tess cord tolerant wheats in some locations were complete losses.

At the stanfy County location where the vegetatlve growth and development had been e~ceflent, the barleys were damaged beyond recovery; therefore none of the

varieties produced enough to be harvested.

(6)

complete losses. The 'ate~ more cold-hardy, entries, Ky.

35,

Seneca and Thorne

withstood the ~.reeze very we I

r.

There was less damage to the oats at the Stanly county location, but like the wheats and barleys the greatest loss was to the early types that had produced

the most early growth.

An infestation of Army worms appeared about May 15 and did the most damage to the late varieties of both wheat and oats.

The damage by the Army worms to the late maturing and by the late spring freeze to the early maturing varieties of wheats were such that sai~sf~ctory

evaluation of performance (yield) was impossible.

AI I of the oats in the Stanly County test that recovered from the late spring freeze were harvested and yields obt~ined. However, these yields are not

included in the report because of the extreme veriebi Jity. Winter Hardiness

_.

- - . . -

..---less winter hardy oat varieties that are not injured by prevailing tempera-tures of the C~astat Plain are often damaged and stands reduced when grown in the Nortmvestern Piedmont and only the most winter hardy wil I survive in the Mountains.

Low temperatures (18 to 28 degrees) that occur in sprJng (March 15 to April 15) cause greater damage and reduction in yield to early maturing varieties then to those that mature later. Since spring freezes are Iikely to occur in about one

year out of each five this factor should be kept clearly in mind when choosing

(7)

Differences in Yield

Little significance should be attributed to very smal I differences in yield

between varieties since i t is not possible to determine the absolute performing ability. The size of difference that may have been due to chance has been computer'

and listed at the end of each table of the

1955.

data as "Least Significant

Difference. :;"'.5,D.)". A similar value is not listed for the average of two or

more years data, but the lever of significance in such instjnces wiIf be somewhat

smaf fer than for the individual years. These measures of chance difference should be used to remind the reader not to misinterpret small yield differences.

Cho 1ce ~ \iar-i e!1.

In choosing or deciding on a variety, yield usually receives first considerq-ticn. The characteristics that contribute to yield and quality may be as important as yield itself. Such characteristics as disease resistance, win'-er hd.·rjiness,

(8)

Characteristics of Recommended

---....-

'~heat Varietres

---

..-...--._-

_-

id

.

----

~ __ -t#I'._~_l-..~_~... ___-~liC-"-"....,n...~-,..=---_.\ ....

Variety Ileaf Rust IMildew Re-'Mosaic Re- Maturity /COld Tol-ILate Lodging Height Test ~~leight

I

IResistancelsistance sistance erance ~Jring Resis- of per Bus.

I

Freeze tance Straw

,

----r=

I ~ Tolerance

, -

1 ..-

'AA.ed

i um

I --

--r-F~i rt~

I

j

-I

Good Fair

Medium

Mecf'i em ~Fa-ir to

2

I

Atlas

Poor

'~rIY

I ~... ....-.... !:a

Fair

Tal I

~Aedium

Fair Good

_ _ _ _ ._ _~ Go_Od~.~_1

N\€u,

um-Verv

I

late

I

good

f Good Poor

Poor

6

I Thorna

5

Very

LJ

Chance II?.!:-J Fair 'Poor 'Good ~y

L

good ~<;.~~.!r~~

_I

Fai!

---=

- - -

-..._-.---~ ---~--

..

.-

----...

.---8 I I<no)( -Good Falr Good 'Early I Good Poor Good Short _G<"od

.-L

---...__ew=a_ ..,...--.:...ao.--a

(9)

Characteristics of

_---,,--

Recommended Oat Varieties*

-~

--- ---

...

---

...

_---

..

,

---

...

-

---.

---'"

-.-..-Test H.Jt.

Per s«, 1Good 'Heavy

lodging JAmount

Resis!an~~_of Straw

'Fair

Cold

Tol-erance

'Good 'Good

Blight Re-IMO~~iC Re-fMaturity sTstance s7~r~nce

'Poor

Smut

Re-sistance

I

Good

IGood

IRust

Re-,I.:

istance

~:iety

, tAr Iington

Poor 'Good 'Good , late 'Excellent IFair IMedium JGood

~~

61

\/Voodgra jn

_I

_**

_{, **}

I

Poor 'Good JEarly IFair 'Good fLight fGoOd

Medium

71Atlantic ... IGood

I

Good 'Poor 'Good learly JExcel lent IFair 'Heavy JGood

Characteristics of Recommended Barlet Varietfes*

Loose Mi Idew Re1 Rust F<e';- Sca-ra-Re~ -

_-

_fl\aturl _Y

Amount

/smut

Re- sistance sistance sistance

1

o f IPer 8u~

Variety sistance

I

Straw

Medium Lou

I 'Colonial 2 [Poor' tPoor [Poor'

I

Poor

I

Good _fFa i r iearly flight 'Fa ir

=--"'" -

r:\ediurn

2 'Davie IPoor IGood 'Good

i

Fa ir lGood jFair learly flight _fFa i r

,---~

Medium

3 I~\al-conee _'Poor fJ=air 'Poor {poor [Good _fFa i r 'early

I

Light JFair

(10)

Chart I

Performance of Wheat Varieties Average Three Years Tota' Eight T~sts

Piedmont

1953-1954-1955

Entries

**

Average of

Standard varieties

*

Ky.

3,

Anderson

*5464

X Hardlred-3855

Atlas

50

Chancef for

At las 66

*Taylor

49

Knox

Coker 47-27

Taylor

Thorne

YIeld

Bus/A

13i

.--7""'.--;--X;-X--X;:::<XX:::~~~~~~-~X-.~:~;X~

I

- _ ·...__

-n:._.-..,-·~·~_....v ..a....,...-s. ...-"~- ~----..v---l

36.8

'_l • ..3IW~_"'''.:w-===~ •

J'_~~_-..:::r".~.-.-*le~p X Atlas 66-385-1

ro

15

35

40 **

Standards

1953-54

Atlas 50, Atlas

66

Coker

47-27

and Chancellor

'955 Atlas 50, Atlas 66, Taylor, Anderson, Knox and Coker' 1.(/-27

(11)

Entries

**Average of 3tandard

At I as

50

Taylor

49

Coker 47-27

Atlas 66

*LeapXAtlas

66-385-

1

*546.'V(Hardired

3855

•

*Standards:

Chart I I

Performance of Wheat Varieties

Average Three Years Total Six T9$tS

Coastal Plain

f953-

J954-IQS5

Yield

Bus ./A

135.9

13

1 •6

30

40

(12)

-

"

-Table I

Performance of \'\.Iheat varieties Piedr::ont

19S5

. . . • Locat ions. - x _ _

~~'.8

27-5

26.9

2i)~4

33$3

3), ,

32.9

32.6

31.4

31.0

3089

: '\ 6

36.5

3~.4

3L.5

34.4

34.3

33.7

33.5

33.3

Averas~

t~,"') t -:5ts

~~sL~ .~_

39.5

37.1 ~?6.2

29.7

28.6 31 .8

36.2

35.7

34.1

33.0

36. r

32.6

2908 29c1

34.3

20.0

30.7

32t2 37. , 31:).,0 3'0 , 2o.r8

33.6

3·'t(,b 29~8

26.4

21.9

2}-t .. Cj

36.0

35.8 32.,

34.7

37,1 36~9

Catawba Co. YaQK~n Co.

. _ '__

A.--Bu~/A

.-2u~~A

' -;'._

40.6

38.3

38

90

37.2

Reuhart

*he'"~·;uckv

35

Entri es

*

"+<nox

~~COKer

,3-26

*Taylor

49

**Atlas

66

**Atlas

50

Chance! lor Le~p Thorne Seneca *Co!~€r 54-9 Gleason **Tay lor

*

~'Coker 47-27

*Coker

54-15

*R-134t-8 *Taylor IC *(:oker 5.~·":0

*C,.)ker 5~ -3 (~7" ~'3)

*5464

X Hurdired-'3855

*L~ap X Atlas

66-38,-1

L.5

.c. .

C5

L.S.D • • Of

*Experimental Enj'l~ies - Not Commercfally Avat l eb l e .

Ave. of Stds.

33.6

32.5

(13)

Table 11

Performance of Wheat Varieties Coastal Plain

1955

--...

...-.-...~---location Average

Beaufort Co. Cotumbus Co. two tests

Entries

_{._---,--}

Bus/A

_BYS(A

Pus/A

. ...sc.a~.,...

*

Kentucky

₃₅

44.7

26

t2

35.,

**

Anderson 40.0

27.3

33.7

Seneca

39.6

27.8

33.7

Thorne

40.6

2206

3' .6

*

Coker 54-15

38.4

2L.8 31.6

*

Coker

53: -26

38.3

24.5

31.4

Chance I I"-Jr

36.8

24.9

3r~9

**

Atlas

50

39.2 22.4 -::: ,.' ,- 8

Taylor 10

34.0

26.9 30.,

*

Coker

54-9

38.4

18.9 28.1

**

Atlas 66 32.8

24.4

28.6

Taytor

49

28.6 27.2 27.9

* Coker

54-10

34.8

20.6

27.7

Leap 3i.t 23.1

27.4

Taylor

25·,

24.L.

2'5.0

Gleason 26.0 2'207

24.5

Coastal 22., 211)3 ~I .9

*

Coker 54-~ 27.2 16.5 21.9

Knox 3I • I 12.6 21.9

*

53-3

(41-23)

'8.6

12.9 1

5.8

Redhart 13.2

5.3

9.3 L.S.D.

.05

6. J

4.,

L.S.D.

.or

8.0

6.0 *

Experfmental entries - not commercially available.

Ave. of stds.

34.3

23.0

**

Standards

(14)

Char t i t I

Performance of Oat Varieties

Average Three Years Total fight Tests Piedmont

1953-1954- 1955

Entries Yield

Bus/A

---.--______

--=~~~=-~-~=~=~ ~

__

.I

---_...

_---~---~I

_~_~

-,

~ '~.~--_

.._--= _..

=~

I

. . . ·#0__1

---~~...

_

-______-

='"---~i

~69.8 ~--.~- ~"~~----~-·-~--·-I

---,-.---

. .

-169 •

6

17

2 •0

**

Average of Standards

Fulwood

Woodgrain

Ar Ii ngton

Victorgrain

_48-9

~Fulgiain

Lee

40

Bus/A

,0

60

70

80

**Standards:

1953-1954

Victorgrain ~-93, Fulgrein,

Ar llngto n and Lee

1955 - Victorgrein

48-93,

Fulgreins,Arl ington, Fulwood and Woodgrain

(15)

Entt-ies

Chart IV

Performance of Oat Varieties Average Three Yeers Tota' SIx Tests

Coastal Plain

1953-f954-lq55

Yietd

Bus./A

.*

Average of standards

\Noodgra in

Victorgrain

4R-93

Fulwood

Ar

r;ngton

Fulgrein

1"7"'3

4

"'--

_•

5 '--x:;x~xv

_{' \ I , ' \ ' \ , I} _{\ , ' ' ' \ ' . ' \}

...

x--~v JX~··:;~~

_{' , ' ' " \} -x_{. • . , \ /}

';'\l-:<~~/--;;:;:;\'<~<

_{\ ' , ' , "} \",:;;::;7;- /_{' . \} _{' \}---.--xv v vv"<_".'\,,,,,0'

I

. . . .&I:"L;Lo:iUIL. " ~ ~ " , ~ ~ . ~ . ~-.al:-; .. -...~...~...,... _ . . . . - - . - . . - . .

1-78~8

.. - ---,---

".~

-, -

- - - ,

~ ~.. -. ._ .. _ ~ -_ . ..:.;., -l,.W'roa.... : . . . . ~ ~ _ ~ ~ . ~

1

77:1~=:~

-

-~=~~~:=~=----~~-~

__

--=~,~=.===r

176:2--·----·--~-~~·.-...-·

..

--~---··..

I

--=rio ... ___._-.'_~~....l. &.'-...::.a~. . . .~•••.~ , ...~ _ . . . . , . •' . . . ' . ~. t"'~'lOW

1

'76·-:c;---.__.-...

_.~_~_ M._,

-...-..---1

_ _ _ _ _ _ .••-..."...,...~. . . ,. . . s , . . . . .-...." . . . .~. . . . .~ - , ''a'~....~...I..-...

1 6 6.

9 ·-=·=--~=.-~=I

o

10 20 30

40

PUS/A

50

60 ·70 RD

1953-19;4

**

Standards: Victorgratn

48-93,

Fulgrain and Arlington

1955

(16)

Table III

Performance of Oat VarietIes

Piedmont

1955

locations

Average

~ ~ . . .

-Entries Cetewbe Co. Yadkin

co.

two tests

8uS/A PU~~~__o- _ _._~.l!.S.L~~.

___ .

*C. r , 657t

63.3

8' .8

72.6 *c.

I.

6575

60.5

73.4

67.0 -c.

I.

6583

,6.8

_75·9

66.4

*AtJantic XC,2SF 2288-96 58.8 6~.2 62.0

*Coker 53-29

56.0

62.1 _59·1

-c,

I.

5873

51.9

60.0 SQ.O

*c.

I.

6719

52.4

-;6.4

r;4.4

Artington**

49.;

,9.5

~4.4

Lee

6,.,

38.2 ,., .8

*Coker

54-29

60.3

42.

t 5:~2

~~oodgraIn**

43.1

58.7

50.9

Victorgrain 48-q3 P.P.S. 19,4**

54.5 4'3.3

49.9

*c.

I. 6605 48.0 '50.3

49.2

Fulwood** 50.0

47.6

48.8

*Coker

54-41

41.4 5'.5

46.5

Victorgrain L~-93 B.R.S.(1953) 5~·8

39.7

46.3

*Victorgraln 52-29

48.3

J.~.6

45.5

"/i " iams

47.4

4?8 45.1

Fufgrain**

L2.4

40.7

hi .6

-c,

I.

5311

36.8

46.0

41.4

*Coker 51~-II 29.8

32.3

,I. I

L.S.D. ( .05) 12.7

A.3

L.5.D. ( .01) 16.8 I J.0

*Advanced experimental and are not commercially avai lable.

Ave. of Standards

47.9

50.4

(17)

Table IV

Performance of Oet VarIeties

Coastal Plain

Jq55

Average two tests Bus/A Locat ions ---~-~

Columbus Co. Beaufort Co.

8uS/A ~S__

/A

---..

-Entries

*

CGI.

5873

**

Viclorgrain ~-93

e.R.S.(I954)

*

Coker

54-

Jr

63.3

60.0 51.1 61.4

53.1

59.6

51.3

".6

52.4

53.1

49.4

53.8

47.8

41.0 11>.2

46.3 5' .6

4,.2

59.6 50·5

45.4 10,.3

92.4

92.2 p-3.7

85.6

72.7

76.6

72.3

74.3

72.2

75.4

69.0

70.6

69.2 66.,

65.7

59.4 6316

4,.2

53.8

57.5 84.;

76.2

74.7

'7':!..6 0}.7

66.2

64.0

63.4

62.7

62.4

61.4

1:)9.2 58.1

56.3

56.0 55.,

53.4

52.4

52.2

5'.'

L.S.D. (05) (Of) 8.8 J

1.6 *

Advanced experlmentals and are not commercIally evallable.

Ave. of stds.

5

1.5

_64.2

**

standards

(18)

Chart V

Performenc~ of Barley Varieties

Average Three Years, Total fight-Tests Piedmont

IQs3·19r;4-1955

Entries Average of

*

St~ndard varieties

Yield

Pus/A

,

L2::T-x,<x~~~~'{)<x'<xx~<;:-;~:;,;,<~::;,x~,:;;;;

-:

~.<\(~.,{".~

I

- - - " ' - - _ •...-...~ ....-...~ ~ ~.-...r:....-:ae~ '_,,-_-- ...,.,.... ',.,. ut.( ..

Davie

\

- - _ _,.., .•.•._ ~•• __ .. . _ _,_.r~" ..-or .~ . - . _

45.2

-~... . ...~... . . - - ,_ _ ...,~• •-. . . ,• ..-."'..._ . - . . . - -..., . . ... - ... , .-...a.•• _

Colonial 2

Mcrcon€e

p;o:~"- ~

__

-==~~-~=:~._.~=.,=~~~

...

~I

P~o:O---'---'--'

,

---...-,

....

-

...~,.,._.-....•

_-

-

...

-45

20 8us/A

15

J ~-p- ..._ _ • _ _ • - _ .- -~ _ ~ •

: }7f· i~ __.._

---_._---l

o

~ 10

25

30

35

40

19t;3-t9S4 ., Colonial 2, Davie

195;:

Colonial

2,

Davie, Marconpe

\Vang

*

Standards:

Chart vi . Performance of Barley varieti~s

Average Three Years, Total Six Tests

Coastal P,ain IQ52-I'Q53-, 9C;t;

En.tr ies

Average of

Standard

*

vari

et

'ies

Yield

AUS/~

147:9X'<XXXXXx,<)(x;(~~~;:('(',r~·'<"'<'l.X~,<,<x,<wrox;~~\

' . . . .~---...--. . .- . - . .. . . .' . . . "'. . . .' , . .. . . '. . .".. . . - . - . . . . .\0, . .' . . . t"" ...~-....~.. . - ...

Colon; a I 2

I

~- --- -

...··...--. · ..-

--~_

...,,- ..._...--_....

-.~

...- ....

~

- - - .,-_....'- "T

'53.8

~.• ' ...~ ...-....-..---...-....-.~- ~...-I--...·... Marconee

Davie

. ,

_.~

-_ ....

_-~

_..

I

I~.:?:-

..- __..

_q.•

_~.

., •. ..., ..-_. .-

.~.

__

1.40.3 __

-=.".=_=_...__...

_=~J

Wong

10 20

Bus/A

40 r;o

(19)

Table V

Performance of Barley Varieties PJedmont

tQS5

. . . .~ ~ . , ~. . . . .'""'~. . . . .. . . . ... J ~. . . _ _ •1I"IIlt ____• •~ . , .

Average

Catawba Co. Yadkin Co. two test

Entries Bus/A 8us/A 8us/A

*

Davie

_{- 583}

18.0 21.2 _'9.6

*

ColoniaJ-BofivTa-392. 19. , 20. f 19.6

...,;., _Coloniaf 2 16.2 22.0

rq. ,

*

80 t ivi a X Cathoun-649 18.4 19.0 18.7

\itlong 14.2 20., 17.4

*

Sunrise - 80' Iv Ia 1027-448

_'5.7

16.7 16.2

*~< ~Mrconee 14.7 17.4 16(\ I

*

Sunrise 801 ivia 1027..

463 1,.3

_'5·8

.~'.~ ~/

** Davie 14.2 16.7

',.5

Patt erson Awnless 12.7 13.6 13.2

L.S.D.

.05

N 5

5.2 L.S.D.

.01 N S

7.0 *

Advanced experimentals - Not commercially available.

t-v e , of Standards ''7.0 18.7

**

Standards

(20)

Table VI

Performance of 8erley VarIeties

Coastal Plain

1955

_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _-~_.__.... ...----w.""",,_.w .... . - _ , - - - .•. . _ _. . . - _

Entries

-_

...

.-_-*:. Co IoniaJ 2

Marconee

~~ Davie

583

~ Bolivia X Calhoun 649

:;.:* Davt e

• Sunrise - Bolivia 1027-448

*

Colonial X Bolivia ~ 392

t~/on9

*

Sunrise - Bolivia 1027-463 Patterson Awnless

L.5.0~

.05

L.S.D • • 01

27.9

27.6

23.2

25~4 21.4 19.7

16.2 20, r

14'15

12.1

,.7

7.6 '9.0

18.8

20.9

17.

I 17.4

'4.9

17.7

8.3

I

1.7

9.6

3.4 4.,

23.5

23.2 22. , 21.3

19.4

17.3

17.0

14,2

'3.

J 10.9

• Experimental Entries - not commercia"y available.