Advancements in Wireless Power (Energy Transfer)

Advancements in

Advancements in

Wireles

Wireles

s

s

P

P

ow

ow

er

er

Haleem Azmy

Haleem Azmy

Bhuwan Ghimire

Bhuwan Ghimire

Andrew R McHugh

Andrew R McHugh

T

T

h

h

a

a

n

n

k

k

Y

Y

o

o

u

u

MIT

MIT

Dr. Palmer and Dr. Stumpe

What are we doing?

Giler,

Giler, Eric. "Eric Eric. "Eric Giler Giler demos wdemos wireless ireless electricitelectricity | Video on TEDy | Video on TED.com." TED: Ideas worth .com." TED: Ideas worth spreading. N.p., n.d. spreading. N.p., n.d. WWeb. 2 Dec. 2009.eb. 2 Dec. 2009. <http://www

What are we doing?

Wh

Wh

y is

y is

this Impor

this Impor

tant?

tant?

•

•

Mo

More efficient than

re efficient than

batteries

batteries

1

1

_{, and no more}

_{, and no more}

batteries in landfills

batteries in landfills

•

•

No tangled

No tangled wires

wires

•

Automatic charging

Automatic charging

•

Less gasoline

Less gasoline

1. Giler

1. Giler, Eric. "Eric Gi, Eric. "Eric Giler deler demos wirelmos wireless eess electricitlectricity | Video on TEDy | Video on TED.com." TED: Ideas worth .com." TED: Ideas worth spreading. N.p., n.d. spreading. N.p., n.d. WWeb. 2 Dec. 2009.eb. 2 Dec. 2009. <http://www

When was wireless

When was wireless

power first discovered?

When was wireless

When was wireless

power first discovered?

power first discovered?

1800’s

1800’s

Theory

Resonance

Resonance

Inductance

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

₀

₀

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

₀

₀

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Resonance

Resonance

Faraday’s Law of 

Faraday’s Law of 

Induction (1800’s)

Resonance

Resonance

f 

f 

0

0

f  f 00

f 

f 

₀

₀

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

f 

f 

₀

₀

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

f 

f 

₀

₀

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Strongly Coupled,

Strongly Coupled,

Magnetically

Magnetically

Resonant Coils

Resonant Coils

f 

f 

₀

₀

♩

♩

Why Our Experiment

Why Our Experiment

is Different

is Different

•

Midrange power

Midrange power

transfer

transfer

•

•

Resonance is key

Resonance is key

•

Safe

Safer

r than T

than T

esla

esla

coils

coils

Interference is

Interference is

essentially

essentially

non-existent

existent

Our Experiment

Equipment Needed

Equipment Needed

•

•

Two self resonating coils

Two self resonating coils

(made out of magnet

(made out of magnet

wire)

wire)

•

•

A source of alternating

A source of alternating

current

current

•

•

Oscilloscope

Oscilloscope

What’s all this in

What’s all this in

pseudo-simple language?

pseudo-simple language?

•

•

W

W

orks

orks on

on princip

princip

le

le of

of

Wireless

Wireless Power

Power

T

T

ransfer

ransfer

Via

Via

Strongl

Strongly

y

“Coupled

“Coupled Magnetic

Magnetic Resonances”

Resonances”

•

•

A.C.

A.C.

in the driving

in the driving coil makes it oscillate at a cer

coil makes it oscillate at a cer

tain

tain

frequency creating an alternating magnetic field

frequency creating an alternating magnetic field

•

•

This generated magnetic field will transfer power to

This generated magnetic field will transfer power to

the receiving coil by oscillating at the same frequency.

the receiving coil by oscillating at the same frequency.

This is known as a coupled resonance and is the

This is known as a coupled resonance and is the

principle behind this technique of wireless power.

principle behind this technique of wireless power.

•

•

A.C. will be induced in the receiving coil, which can be

A.C. will be induced in the receiving coil, which can be

read by an oscilloscope.

read by an oscilloscope.

0 0 1.500 1.500 3.000 3.000 4.500 4.500 6.000 6.000 0 0 00..55000 0 11..00000 0 11..55000 0 22..00000 0 22..55000 0 3.3.00000 0 33..550000

Distance vs. Induced RMS Voltage

Distance vs. Induced RMS Voltage

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   V

   V

  o

  o

   l

   l

   t

   t

  a

  a

  g

  g

  e

  e

   (

   (

   V

   V

   )

   )

Distance (m)

Distance (m)

0 0 0.15000 0.15000 0.30000 0.30000 0.45000 0.45000 0.60000 0.60000 0.75000 0.75000 0 0 00..55000 0 11..00000 0 11..55000 0 22..00000 0 22..55000 0 3.3.00000 0 33..550000

Distance vs. Induced RMS Power

Distance vs. Induced RMS Power

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   P

   P

  o

  o

  w

  w

  e

  e

  r

  r

   (

   (

   W

   W

   )

   )

Distance (m)

Distance (m)

0 0 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 3.000 3.000 4.000 4.000 5.000 5.000 6.000 6.000 0 0 22..00000 0 44..00000 0 66..00000 0 88..00000 0 1100..00000 0 1212..00000 0 1144..00000 0 1166..00000 0 1188..00000 0 2200..000000

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Voltage

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Voltage

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   V

   V

  o

  o

   l

   l

   t

   t

  a

  a

  g

  g

  e

  e

   (

   (

   V

   V

   )

   )

Frequency (MHz)

Frequency (MHz)

0 0 0.12500 0.12500 0.25000 0.25000 0.37500 0.37500 0.50000 0.50000 0 0 22..00000 0 44..00000 0 66..00000 0 88..00000 0 1100..00000 0 1212..00000 0 1144..00000 0 1166..00000 0 1188..00000 0 2200..000000

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Power

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Power

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   P

   P

  o

  o

  w

  w

  e

  e

  r

  r

   (

   (

   W

   W

   )

   )

Frequency (MHz)

Frequency (MHz)

0.00001 0.00001 0.00010 0.00010 0.00100 0.00100 0.01000 0.01000 0.10000 0.10000 0 0 22..00000 0 44..00000 0 66..00000 0 88..00000 0 1100..00000 0 1212..00000 0 1144..00000 0 1166..00000 0 1188..00000 0 2200..000000

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Power LOG SCALE

Frequency vs. Induced RMS Power LOG SCALE

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   P

   P

  o

  o

  w

  w

  e

  e

  r

  r

   (

   (

   W

   W

   )

   )

Frequency (MHz)

Frequency (MHz)

0 0 3.75 3.75 7.50 7.50 11.25 11.25 15.00 15.00 0 0 11..0000 22..0000 33..0000 44..0000 y = 2.9204x - 0.0387 y = 2.9204x - 0.0387 R R²²= 0.9999= 0.9999

RMS V

RMS Voltage vs

oltage vs. Indu

. Induced RMS

ced RMS V

V

oltage

oltage

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   V

   V

  o

  o

   l

   l

   t

   t

  a

  a

  g

  g

  e

  e

   (

   (

   V

   V

   )

   )

RMS Voltage (V)

RMS Voltage (V)

0 0 0.500 0.500 1.000 1.000 1.500 1.500 2.000 2.000 0 0 11..0000 22..0000 33..0000 44..0000 y = 0.1448x y = 0.1448x22 _{- 0.0126x + 0.0045- 0.0126x + 0.0045} R R²²= 0.9999= 0.9999

RMS Voltage vs. Induced RMS Power

RMS Voltage vs. Induced RMS Power

   R

   R

   M

   M

   S

   S

   I

   I

  n

  n

   d

   d

  u

  u

  c

  c

  e

  e

   d

   d

   P

   P

  o

  o

  w

  w

  e

  e

  r

  r

   (

   (

   W

   W

   )

   )

RMS Voltage (V)

RMS Voltage (V)

Future

Problems

Problems

•

•

Hallway data

Hallway data

•

Reading errors

Reading errors

•

Manufacturing troubles

Manufacturing troubles

Future Studies

Future Studies

•

•

Couple the coils differently

Couple the coils differently

•

•

Multiple receiving coils

Multiple receiving coils

•

•

Accurately measure

Accurately measure

magnetic field

magnetic field

•

•

Use a stronger function

Use a stronger function

generator

generator

•

•

Change coil geometry

Change coil geometry

•

Questio

Questio

n

n

and

and

Answ

Answ

er

er

Period