Performance Study on Effect of Inclination & Length of Tube in Tube Settler Module on the Effluent Water Quality

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ISSN(Online): 2319-8753 ISSN (Print): 2347-6710

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Vol. 7, Issue 10, October 2018

Performance Study on Effect of Inclination &

Length of Tube in Tube Settler Module on the

Effluent Water Quality

Akshay Sharma1, Prof. R.K. Bhatia2

M. Tech. Student, Department of Civil Engineering (Environmental Engg.), Jabalpur Engineering College,

(M.P), India1

Associate Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, Jabalpur Engineering College (M.P), India2

ABSTRACT: Water is the most valuable substance and most important comical compound on the Earth. It is very important part of life on Earth. So, it is Important to use clean and pollution free water for drinking and other purposes. The water treatment plant plays an important role for supplying and purifying the water to make it safe for consumers. This study is aimed to emphasize the performance of tube settler unit. A pilot scale model of tube settler is prepared and Effect of Inclination, Length & Diameter of tube in tube settler model on the Effluent water Quality is studded. Tube settler are the equipment use for enhancing the settling capacity of settling tank, improve effluent water quality, and decrease operation cost of treatment units. Tube settler use multiple tubes sloped at an angle and adjacent to each other. Which combined to form an increased effective settling area for fast settling of partials.

Current study focusses on the study made to understand the Effect of Inclination, Length & Diameter of tubes in tube settler on the effluent quality through a tube settler model. The circular tube of 40mm diameter were used with inclination of 45˚ & 60˚ length of tube was varied as 60cm, 70 cm &80cm.

KEYWORDS:Tube settler, diameter, Inclination, Length, effluent, influent, settling.

I. INTRODUCTION

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II. LITERATURE REVIEW

AmodGurjar et al., 2017 A pilot scale model of sedimentation tank is prepared & installed for performance measurement. In conventional sedimentation tank the detention time required is 2-4 hrs. In view of increasing demand of water for society, a modification is used in water treatment plant i.e. high rate settling. The detention time is reduced up to 10-15 min. which is very less as compare to conventional sedimentation tank.The setup is design and fabricated with MS sheet and installed at water treatment plant at Nagpur Region. The size and shape of tube for unit is square length of tube is kept as 1 m and is placed at an angle of 600 inclinations with horizontal. The no. of tubes was 6. The area for each tube is 25 cm2. shows the cross section of tube shape and size is 5cm breadth and 5 cm depth. The average efficiency of turbidity removal is 70-80% in modified unit as compare to conventional tube settler unit.

KshitijaBalwan et al., 2016 Conducted a pilot scale model and installed at Ichalkaranji municipal water treatment plant the effect of length and inclination of tube settler the flocculated water was used the multiple tubular channels of tube settlers are used at an angle of about 450 to 600 and adjacent to that with the used of this the increased effective settling area the circular tubes were used with inclination of 45to 60 degree of 45 mm diameter the length of tube varied as 60 cm, 50 cm,& 40 cm the four pvc tubes of 4.5 cm diameter was connected to the bottom of base tank representing the tube settler.

A Faraji et al., 2013 Conducted a pilot scale model and installed at the exbatan wastewater treatment plant the polyvinyl chloride (Pvc) material are used of 20 cm diameter at angle 45˚ related to horizontal the 60 cm length of tube in both the stages in conventional secondary clarifiers examine the possibility of applying one and two stage inclined tube settlers are used. The results show that in 20 min detention time in the tube the average removal of TSS, BOD, and COD in one stage tube settler pilot plants was 97.5%, 96.3%, and 96.4% respectively while in other conventional secondary sedimentation basin was 98%, 99%, and 98.7% respectively.

Shirley E. Clark et al., 2009Reviewed the inclined plates/ tube settler in that overlapped plates are used for large settling area and also treated for multiple contaminants in that the flow operated in laminar flow conditions ,In this paper the work are carried out by investigating of inclined plate settlers to treatment the runoff in that Reynolds numbers ranged from 7.5to 50000 in that the used of settlers high removal of particle density achieved over the range of an Reynolds numbers in that the tereekleen device technology in inclined plate the results showed that the Reynolds number tested form the laboratory simulated storm water was capable of removing > 65% of solids are removed with the used of inclined plate settlers.

Cheng He et al., 2009 conducted vortex plate in an clarifiers instead of smooth lamellae in conventional the modelling and laboratory experiments was study by using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) in that crushed walnut shells & glass beads were mimicked by suspended particles the vortex plates are forming an slots of 25 depth and 25 width by attached perpendicular ribs to the plate and the plate placing at an angle 600 to the horizontal and plate parallel to an longitudinal clarifier axis a computational fluid dynamics was applied to clarifiers the result shows that the used of two vortex plate or an two smooth plates the vortex plates removing 8% more particles than the used of smooth plate with the used of vortex plate the particle removal will be more by larger inflow rates and for slower settling particles by up to 26%.

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5 cm sides, circular tubes have 5.65cm diameter, hexagonal tubes have 3.10 cm each side and chevron tubes have 4.20 cm each side are used. The percentage removal efficiency of the conventional tube settlers varied from 75 to 89% after six hours of observation depending on the turbidity and angle of inclination, whereas the percentage removal efficiency of the modified tube settlers varied from 82 to 97% for identical condition.

III. MATERIAL AND METHODS

The pilot scale model was prepared and conditions are made similar like water treatment plantthe model had one closed base tank which was connected to influent water, which was the aerated and coagulated water. The base tank is made by attaching mild steel plates this tank is connected to the bottom of 50 PVC tubes of 4 cm representing the tube settler. The length and inclination of these pipes were adjustable. The direction of flow was kept similar to that of conventional clarifier i.e. upward. The effluent water was collected by small collector basin and finally stored in small collector drum.

Fig (a)- tube settler unit

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Fig (c)- turbid water sample

The turbidity of influent as well as effluent water was measured using Nephelometer. Lengths of tubes were kept as 60cm, 70cm and 80cm, while the inclination was kept as 45o and 60o. Thus, there were different combinations tried. Combinations-

1. Diameter 4 cm, Length 80 cm, with inclination of 45o and 60o. 2. Diameter 4 cm, Length 70 cm, with inclination of 45o and 60o. 3. Diameter 4 cm, Length 60 cm, with inclination of 45o and 60o.

The turbidity of influent as well as effluent was measured and compared with the turbidity of effluent produced by conventional clarifier.

IV. RESULT AND DISCUSSION

For each combination the turbidity of influent and effluent with and without tube settler were measured. The observations of various combinations are as follows:

1.For Diameter 4 cm, Length 80 cm, with inclination of 45o and 60o

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Fig (d)- turbidity removal (turbid water to clear water)

3. Diameter 4 cm, Length 60 cm, with inclination of 45o and 60o.

V. CONCLUSIONS

After successful completion of project we come to the following conclusions: 1. Increasing the length of tube settler, results in higher turbidity.

2. Decreasing the inclination of tubes, results in higher turbidity removal.

3. Out of 6 combinations tried, the optimum result was observed for the length 80 cm and inclination 45°.

VI. FUTURE SCOPE

Various shapes of tube are currently available in market and also used to improve capacity as well as performance of clarifier so those shapes should be used in comparison with circular pipes.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am very much thankful to the Associate Prof. Jabalpur Engineering college, Mr. R.K. Bhatia for guiding and providing me every possible help during the study period.

REFERENCES

[1] A.Faraji et al., International journal of Civil Engineering, vol II, No 4, December 2013.

[2] KshitijaBalwan et al., International journal of innovative research in advanced engineering (Issue 01, volume 3 January 2016).

[3] Ahmed A. Fadel and Robert Baumann (1990) Tube settler modelling, Journal of Environmental Engineering, American Society for Civil Engineers, Vol.116, No.1, pp 107-124.

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[5] BRENTWOOD industries www.brentwood.com (August 2011) comparison between the tube settler and conventional settling. [6] Cheng He et al., Journal of environmental engineering @ ASCE /August 2009.

[7] Clark SE, Roenning CD, Elligson JC, Mikula JB. Inclined plate settlers to treat storm-water solids, Journal of Environmental Engineering, ASCE, 2009, Vol. 135, pp.621-626.

[8] IS 10500: 1983, “Indian Standard for Drinking Water- Specification”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.

[9] Manual on Drinking Water Treatment and Supply (2000), Central Public Health and Environmental Engineering Organization. New Delhi. [10] Fujisaki, K. and M. Terashi (2005). "Improvement of settling tank performance using inclined tube settlers."

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[11] Hanan A. Fouad, Rehab M. Elhefny, and Ahmed I. Marei. Evaluating the Use of Tube Settlers and Lamella Plates in Increasing the Efficiency of Sedimentation Tanks. Journal of Applied Life Sciences International.

[12] Mohammed S. Hassan, and Abeer H. Hassan, "The Efficiency of Using Tube Settlers technique in Comparison with the conventional Treatment in Mosul City Water Treatment", Al-Rafidain Engineering, Vol.19 No.1, 2011.

[13] Subramani T, Sigi Thomas. Experiments on tube settler for the treatment of Fbw and optimization of plant operation for Residual Reduction. International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications. 2012;4(2)190-203.

[14] Racoviteanu, Gabriel. Water sedimentation and filtration theory. MatrixRom ،Bucharest ،2003.