The Second World War (1).pptx

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Blitzkrieg

• War begins Sept 1, 1939 when Hitler invade Poland

• _{B & F declare war on Germany} • _{Polish resistance could not}

fight off German attack “Blitzkrieg” or “Lightning War”

• Tanks, armored vehicles, overwhelming force

• _{Sept 17, the Soviets invaded}

in the East

• Per the Nazi-Soviet pact…

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Phony War

• _{Hitler’s success in the}

East allows him to turn his focus to the West and begins to make

plans to invade France.

• _{B & F try to weaken}

Germany by stopping German sea trade.

• Iron from Scandanavia

• _{October, 1939-April,}

1940 very little fighting

• Phony War

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WINSTON CHURCHILL!

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Fall of France

• May, 1940 Hitler strikes the west.

• The Netherlands, Belgium and France quickly fell to the

Germans

• Remember the stalemate on the Western Front during WWI?

• What was NEVER accomplished in WWI was accomplished in 6 weeks in WWII.

• British army forced to flee from France back to England from beaches of Dunkirk

• Germany took control of most of France, and established a puppet government called “Vichy France” or “Vichy Regime”

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Italy Jumps In!

• _{It looks like Hitler is}

going to win the war!

• _{Mussolini jumps in on}

Hitler’s side, June 1940

• _{Germany prepares for}

an invasion of Britain

• _{Difference: Britain is}

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Battle of Britain

• _{September 1940} • _{German Air Force:}

Luftwaffe

• _{British Air Force: RAF}

(Royal Air Force)

• _{Germany bombed military}

sites, factories, London.

• _{People of London endured}

months of air raids.

• _{Major strength of}

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Churchill

• "We shall not flag or fail. We shall go on to the end. We shall fight in France, we shall fight on the seas and

oceans, we shall fight with growing confidence and

growing strength in the air. We shall defend our island, whatever the cost may be. We shall fight on the beaches, we shall fight on the landing-grounds, we shall fight in the fields and in the streets, we shall fight in the hills. We shall never surrender!"

—House of Commons, 4 June 1940, following the

evacuation of British and French armies from Dunkirk as the German tide swept through France.

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Churchill

• The Battle of France is over. I expect that the battle of Britain is about to begin. Upon this battle depends the survival of Christian civilisation. Upon it depends our own British life, and the long continuity of our

institutions and our Empire. The whole fury and might of the enemy must very soon be turned on us. Hitler knows that he will have to break us in this island or lose the war. If we can stand up to him, all Europe may be free and the life of the world may move forward into broad, sunlit uplands. But if we fail, then the whole world, including the United States, including all that we have known and cared for, will sink into the abyss of a new Dark Age made more sinister, and perhaps

more protracted, by the lights of perverted science. Let us therefore brace ourselves to our duties, and so bear ourselves that if the British Empire and its Commonwealth last for a thousand years, men will still say, 'This was their Finest Hour.'

—House of Commons, 18 June 1940, following the collapse of France. Many thought Britain would follow.

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Churchill

• _{"This is the lesson: never give in, never give in,}

never, never, never, never—in nothing, great or small, large or petty—never give in except to

convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently

overwhelming might of the enemy.“

• _{After the British victory at the Battle of Britain.} • _{what does this tell us about Churchill and his}

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Battle of Britain

• _{Both sides endured}

heavy losses

• Heavy civilian

casualties in London

• _{The British did not}

give in

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Thanks a lot, Italy

• _{Italian army}

defeated by Brits in North Africa

• _{Hitler had to divert}

troops to help his “ally”

• _{Later, the allies will}

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Hitler Turns East

• 22 June, 1941- huge turning point in war

• Germany invades USSR

• Operation Barbarossa

• Started with Blitzkrieg

• Over 3 million German soldiers stormed into the USSR

• 3000 Tanks

• 5000 aircraft

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Hitler Turns East

• _{Germans captured key} Soviet cities and marched inward.

• _{By Oct, headed toward}

Moscow…but then things go wrong…

• _{Red Army puts up strong} resistance to defend

Moscow and the Germans could not take it.

• _{And the weather is changing} • _{Hitler’s troops were not}

prepared for the freezing weather

• _{Hitler said the campaign} would only take 3 months. • _{Second failure for the}

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America’s In!

• _Previously

isolationist

• _{Dec 7, 1941}

• _{“A day which will}

live in infamy”

• _{Japanese bombed}

Pearl Harbor Naval Base, HI

• _{Surprise attack}

• _{America joins the}

war with GB and the USSR to defeat Japan and

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America’s In!

• _{America had been trying}

to block Japanese

expansion in the Pacific

• Imperialism!

• _{They had taken many of}

the small islands in the Pacific.

• _{America will use mostly air}

battles to reclaim specific islands in the Pacific from Japan.

• _{American’s joining the war}

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Turning the Tide

• Summer, 1942 the

Germans re-attack the Soviet Union

• Focus on southern city of Stalingrad

• Soviets counterattacked, and the German army was surrounded.

• Surrendered in January, 1943

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Turning the Tide

• 1942-43- big years

• _{June: Battle of}

Midway, America stopped Japanese

expansion and began to retake islands from the Japanese.

• _{October: German}

Army in North Africa was defeated by the Brits in Battle of El Alamein.

• _{May, 1943 Germans}

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Meanwhile, in Europe

• _{The Final Solution}

• _{Part of Hitler’s plan for}

“Lebensraum”

• _{Jews (and others) in E.}

Europe were massacred and removed to

concentration camps upon invasion by the Nazis.

• _{Death camps, labor}

camps.

• _http://

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The End… is

Near: S. Europe

• _{After 1942, the war}

against Hitler and his

allies turned in the favor of the Allies.

• _{American and British}

forces landed in Italy in 1943

• _{“Soft Underbelly”}

• _{Germans fought to save}

it…

• _{Rome fell in June,1944} • _{All of Italy under British}

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The End…is Near: E. Europe

• _{January, 1944 the}

Germans give up he siege of

Leningrad.

• 2 years!

• _{Retreat across}

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The End…is

Near: W. Europe

• _{Operation Overlord;}

D-Day

• _{Mission: Take France and}

use it to take all of Europe

• _{Boldest move by the}

Allies

• _{Led by Supreme Allied}

Commander Dwight D. Eisenhower

• _{June 6, 1944}

• _{Attacked German held}

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D-Day Stats

• On D-Day, the Allies landed around 156,000 troops in Normandy.

• 7900 airborne troops.

• 11,590 aircraft were available to support the landings. 127 were lost.

• Operation Neptune involved huge naval forces, including 6,939 vessels: 1,213 naval combat ships, 4,126 landing ships and

landing craft, 736 ancillary craft and 864 merchant vessels. Some 195,700 personnel

• By the end of 11 June (D + 5), 326,547 troops, 54,186 vehicles and 104,428 tons of supplies had been landed on the beaches.

• As well as the troops who landed in Normandy on D-Day, and those in supporting roles at sea and in the air, millions more men and women in the Allied countries were involved in the

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D-Day Stats

• _{6 June 1944 in Operation Overlord, verified 2,499}

American D-Day fatalities and 1,914 from the

other Allied nations, a total of 4,413 dead (much higher than the traditional figure of 2,500 dead). Further research may mean that these numbers will increase slightly in future.

• _{Over 425,000 Allied and German troops were}

killed, wounded or went missing during the Battle of Normandy. This figure includes over 209,000 Allied casualties, with nearly 37,000 dead

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The End…is

Near: W. Europe

• _{Began to work their}

way through France.

• _{August 25, 1944}

Allies reached Paris.

• _German

counter-attack in Belgium Dec, 1944

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The End….is Near: Pacific

• _{Island Hopping}

Campaign

• _{Japanese culture}

emphasizes bravery

and continued fighting.

• _{October 1944,}

Americans invaded the Philippines.

• _{Over 170,000 Japanese}

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The End:

Europe

• _{April 1945, Soviet}

captured Berlin.

• _{Hitler committed}

suicide

• _{German forces}

surrendered May 8, 1945.

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The End:

Pacific

• Americans now in a position to

invade Japan.

• However, expected

tremendous loss because of Japanese cultural ideas about surrendering.

• _{Kamakazi pilots}

• Anticipated over a million

casualties.

• Decided to use new

technology which had been in development in the USA

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The End: Pacific

• _{August, 1945} • _Hiroshima

• _Nagasaki • _Japanese

surrendered August 14, 1945

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WWII: The Legacy

• _{Deadliest military conflict in the history of the}

world.

• _{60 million people died}

• _{3% of world’s (1939) population}

• _{Exposed atrocities carried out by Hitler}

• _{THIS is what Neville Chamberlain was hoping}

to avoid.

• _{SO, one more time: Could appeasement be}