System Administration

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System Administration

Week 04, Segment 3

Package Management

Department of Computer Science

Stevens Institute of Technology

Jan Schaumann

[email protected]

https://stevens.netmeister.org/615/

https://www.pexels.com/photo/person-in-black-leather-boots-sitting-on-brown-cardboard-boxes-4553277/ Photo by cottonbro from Pexels

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Jan Schaumann _2021-02-23

System Software vs. Third Party Software

CS615 - System Administration

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Example System / OS 3rd Party / Add-on

kernel drivers firmware libc shell ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers firmware libc shell ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware libc shell ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc shell ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server ✅ ✅ http server database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server ✅ ✅ http server ⁇ ✅ database python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server ✅ ✅ http server ⁇ ✅ database ❌ ✅ python

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server ✅ ✅ http server ⁇ ✅ database ❌ ✅ python ⁇ ✅

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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Example System / OS 3rd Party / Add-on Packaged?

kernel ✅ ❌ drivers ✅ ✅ firmware ❌ ✅ libc ✅ ❌ shell ✅ ✅ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ mail server ✅ ✅ http server ⁇ ✅ database ❌ ✅ python ⁇ ✅

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

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Example System / OS 3rd Party / Add-on Packaged?

kernel ✅ ❌ ⁇ drivers ✅ ✅ ⁇ firmware ❌ ✅ ⁇ libc ✅ ❌ ⁇ shell ✅ ✅ ⁇ ssh(1) / sshd(8) ✅ ✅ ⁇ mail server ✅ ✅ ⁇ http server ⁇ ✅ ⁇ database ❌ ✅ ⁇ python ⁇ ✅ ⁇

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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Software Types

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System Software vs. Third Party Software

Consider:

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OS upgrades vs. software upgrades

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location of configuration files

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duplicates or conflicting versions in the base system vs. the add-ons

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startup scripts, dæmons

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location of third party software

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dependencies

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installation by hand and/or installation using a package manager

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proprietary third party software

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You don’t get to choose.

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You routinely have to build from source

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👍 A software 📦 inventory! 👍

👍 A ﬁle listing and 🔍 tool! 👍

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Summary and Exercises

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What comprises an OS, what is “System” vs. Add-on is not an obvious distinction.

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Some dependencies are more tightly coupled (e.g., kernel + libc).

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Some required components, alternative options, or completely optional, yet convenient add-ons may be grouped into the OS “distribution”.

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Package Managers Features:

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easy and scalable installation of software

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automatic resolution of software dependencies

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package and file inventory

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package and file integrity checks

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vulnerability checks

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Summary and Exercises

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Identify a piece of software you use, but that’s not packaged for a given package manager. Create a package for it, then contribute upstream.

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Create a cheat sheet for 4 diﬀerent package managers, listing the most important

equivalent commands, such as “install a package”, “update a package”, “remove a package”, “list contents of a package”, and “list the package owning the given file”.

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How does your preferred OS update firmware?

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How does the concept of reproducible builds relate to what we discussed here?

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What is the overlap with system configuration? Can a package manager assert state?

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Compare binary package management to building and installing an application from source: https://stevens.netmeister.org/615/package-exercise.html

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Links

31 Software Installation and Package Management:

https://www.netmeister.org/book/05-software-installation-and-package-management.pdf pkgsrc (NetBSD and others): https://www.netbsd.org/docs/pkgsrc/

FreeBSD Ports: https://www.freebsd.org/ports/ RPM: https://rpm.org/

Debian Package Management: https://wiki.debian.org/PackageManagement OmniOS Package Management:

https://github.com/omniosorg/omnios-wiki/blob/master/GeneralAdministration.md#user-content-package-management