: Vol. 5, No. 4, Winter 2012
Pages: 343-350
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Maternal and paternal involvement, autonomy support and warmth:
predictors of adolescence self-esteem
:
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Tahanye-Rashvanlou F. MSc , Hejazi E. PhD
Abstract
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Introduction: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived maternal and paternal parenting styles (involvement, autonomy support, and warmth) and the dimensions of self-esteem in high school students.
Method: In this study, 352 (205 boys and 147 girls) junior high school students were selected via cluster sampling. They completed two scales: Coopersmith Self-Esteem Scale and the Perception of Parents Scale. Results: Multiple regression analyses indicated that maternal and paternal parenting styles predicted individual, academic, family, and general self-esteem. There were no significant differences between boys and girls for the dimensions of esteem and general self-esteem. The effects of maternal and paternal parenting styles were different on the self-esteem of boys and girls. Conclusion: In summary, the results of this study indicated that, when parents support children’s autonomy and are involved and warm, children are more likely to display higher levels in the dimensions of self-esteem. Keywords: Perception of Parenting Styles, Involvement, Autonomy Support, Warmth, Dimensions of Self-esteem
،هروﺎﺸﻣ هوﺮﮔ ﺑﺮﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ
ﻴ ﺖ ﺮﻗﺎﺑﺪﻤﺤﻣ مﺎﻣا ﻢﻠﻌﻣ
)ع (
، ا ،درﻮﻨﺠﺑ ﻳ ناﺮ
1 - ﻧاور هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺳﺎﻨﺸ ﻲ ﺑﺮﺗ مﻮﻠﻋ و ﻴﺘ ﻲ ، ا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،ناﺮﻬﺗ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻳ
ناﺮ
Corresponding Author: Department of Counseling, Imam Mohammad Bagher Tarbiat Moalem Center, Bojnourd, Iran
________________________________
_______________
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
ﻳﺮﻈﻧ رد ﻲﺳد و نﺎﻳار ﻪ
» دﻮﺧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ يﺮﮔ « ،لﺎﻌﻓ يدﻮﺟﻮﻣ ار نﺎﺴﻧا
هﺰﻴﮕﻧا ،هﮋﻳو ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ياراد ﻊﻓر ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻧورد يا
ﻂﻠﺴﺗ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﺗاذ ﻲﺸﻳاﺮﮔ و دﻮﺧ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺮﺑ
ﺤﻣ ﻴ ﻂ دﻮﺧ نﻮﻣاﺮﻴﭘ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻧاد و يدﺎﻴﻨﺑ ،ﻲﺗاذ زﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺳ يﺎﺿرا وﺮﮔ رد وا ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﻪﻛ
نﺎﻬﺟ لﻮﻤﺷ ِ يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ )ا
لﺎﻤﻋا ﻪﻧادازآ بﺎﺨﺘﻧ (
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ،
)ﺗ لﺎﻤﻋا ﺮﺑ ﻂﻠﺴ (
ﻠﻌﺗ سﺎﺴﺣا و ّ ﻖ
)ﺑ ﻢﻬﻣ داﺮﻓا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻄﺑار يراﺮﻗﺮ
ﺎﻧآ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ زا يرادرﻮﺧﺮﺑ و ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ن
(ا ﺳ ﺖ ] 1، 2 .[ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ و ﺖﻓﺎﺑ
اور يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻦﻳا يﺎﺿرا ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ،ﺪﻨﻛ ﻚﻤﻛ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧ
ﻪﺑ ﻲﺑﺎﻴﺘﺳد ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ يﻻﺎﺑ حﻮﻄﺳ
ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور رد ار ﻲ داﺮﻓا
ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻣ ﻲ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳﺪ ] 3 .[
ﻪﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﻦﻴﻟوا ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻲﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ ،ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ندﺮﻛ
ﻧراد نﺎﻧآ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ و ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ يﺎﺿرا رد ﺪ
] 4 .[ رد
دﻮﺧ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﺳ ﺐﻟﺎﻗ رد ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو يراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ يﺮﮔ
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ يﺮﻴﮔرد
) ﻪﺟرد ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﻛ يا ﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ درﻮﻣ ي
زﺮﻓ ار دﻮﺧ ﺪﻧ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻪﻗﻼﻋ نآ ﻪﺑ ، نآ رد ﻪﻧﻻﺎﻌﻓ و ﺪﻧﺪﻨﻣ
ﺖﻛرﺎﺸﻣ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ( يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ، )
ﻪﺟرد ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﻛ يا
ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﻪﻟﺄﺴﻣ ﻞﺣ ياﺮﺑ ار ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا ﻖﺣ نﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑ ،
ﻢﻴﻤﺼﺗ رد ﺖﻛﺮﺷ و يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻫد ( و ﻣﺮﮔ ﻲ ) ،ﺖﺒ ﺤﻣ ،ﻖﺸﻋ زاﺮﺑا
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﺖﻳﺎﺿر و ﻪﻗﻼﻋ (
ﺳا ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ ﺖ
]5 ، 6 .[ ﻚﺒﺳ يﺮﻳﺬﭘﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ زا نﺎﺸﻧ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﺖﻴﻌﺿو زا
يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا -ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ] 7 ، 8[ ، وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ يدﺮﻓ و ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ ي
و ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ وﻳ
ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻳﺪﻟاو ﻲﻧاور ي ﻦ
]4 [ ﺮﺑ نآ يراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ و
يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ ]9 [ ﺰﻴﮕﻧا ، ش ] 10،11،12 [ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ ، ]
10 ، 13 [ و
ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻲﻧاور ] 14 ، 15 [ دراد .
تﺰﻋ ﻪﻔﻟﺆﻣ زا ﻲﻜﻳ ﺲﻔﻧ هدﻮﺑ داﺮﻓا ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ رد ﻲﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫ
ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ،ﺖﻴﻟﻮﺒﻘﻣ ،يﺪﻨﻤﺷزرا سﺎﺴﺣا زا ﻲﻧاﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﺑ و ﺎﻳ ندﺮﻛ
ﺖﺳود قﻼﻃا دﻮﺧ ﻦﺘﺷاد ﻣ
ﻲ دﻮﺷ ] 16 .[ تﺰﻋ ﺖﺳا يﺮﺼﻨﻋ ﺲﻔﻧ
هﻮﻠﺟ و ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﻲﮔﺪﻧز هﺪﻴﻳاز ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ رد ﺮﮔ
ﻟﺎﻌﻓ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻧازور ي
نﺎﺴﻧا . ﺎﺳ ﻦﻳا زا هز ﻢﻬﻣ ﺮﺗ ﻳ ﻦ ﻪﺒﻨﺟ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ و ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ يﺎﻫ هﺪﻨﻨﻛ
وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﺳا نﺎﺴﻧا يرﺎﺘﻓر ي ﺖ
] 17 .[ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ
تﺰﻋ يﺮﮕﺷﺎﺧﺮﭘ ،يرﺎﺘﻓر تﻻﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﺑ ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ ﺲﻔﻧ و
تﻻﻼﺘﺧا
درﻮﺧ ن ] 18 [ ﻲﮔدﺮﺴﻓا و ﺸﻛدﻮﺧ ﻲ ] 19 [ تﺰﻋ و ﺎﺑ ﻻﺎﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻮﻠﻄﻣ ﻲﻧاور ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ب
] 20 [ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ رﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ شﺰﻴﮕﻧا ، ]
12 [ ،
يدﺎﻘﺘﻧا ﺮﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺶﻳاﺮﮔ ]
21 [ ﻻﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺖﻓﺮﺸﻴﭘ و ]
22 [ رد
طﺎﺒﺗرا ﺖﺳا .
ﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ن
] 23 ، 24 ، 25،26 ، 27 [ ،ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑ
تﺰﻋ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ رد راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ تﺰﻋ ﻦﻴﺑ و ﺖﺳا ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺲﻔﻧ
تﺰﻋ ناﺮﺘﺧد و ﻪﺘﺷاد دﻮﺟو توﺎﻔﺗ ﺲﻨﺟ ود رد يﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺪﻧراد . ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ زا ﺮﮕﻳد
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ نﺎﺸﻧ ار ﺮﻣا ﻦﻳا فﻼﺧ ﺰﻴﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ] 28 ، 29 .[
ﻞﻴﺘﻨﺟ
نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و رد
لﺎﺳ 2009 اﺮﻓ رد ﺐﻟﺎﻗ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧﺪﻴﺳر ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﻦﻳا ﻪﺑ ﻲﻠﻴﻠﺤﺗ
توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ي
نﺎﻴﻣ ود ﺲﻨﺟ تﺰﻋ ﺮﺑ ﻳ ﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺘﻓﺎ
ﺪﻧا دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﺎﻣا
تﺰﻋ تﺰﻋ رد نادﺮﻣ ؛دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻳﻮﮕﻟا ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ
تﺰﻋ رد نﺎﻧز و يدﺮﻓ و ﻲﻧﺎﻤﺴﺟ ﻲﻗﻼﺧا ﺲﻔﻧ
تاﺮﻤﻧ ﻲﺒﻫﺬﻣ
يﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﮔﻴ ﺪﻧﺮ ] 30 .[
ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و يدﺎﺼﺘﻗا ﺖﻴﻌﺿو ؛ﺖﻴﺴﻨﺟ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ ﺮﺑ هوﻼﻋ ]
16 ، 17 ،
19 ، 31 [ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ هﻮﻴﺷ ، ]
26 ، 27 ، 32 ، 33 [ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،
ﺨﻣدﻮﺧ يرﺎﺘ ] 34 ، 35 [ يﺮﻴﮔرد ، )
زﻳ ﻦﻣﺮﻤ
زا ﻞﻘﻧ ﻪﺑ ] 36 ([ رﺎﺘﻓر و
ﻳﺪﻟاو هﺪﻧﺮﻳﺬﭘ و مﺮﮔ ﻦ
] 37 ، 38 [ تﺰﻋ ﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺪﻧراﺬﮔﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .
ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ت ] 10،39 ، 40 [ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻳﻮﮔ
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ،ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ
ﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ﻜﻳ ﺮﺑ راﺬﮔﺮﺛا ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻲ
تﺰﻋ ﺲﻔﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا و ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ،نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺬﭘ ﻳ ﺪﻧﺮ
ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ و ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺎﺑ ردﺎﻣ ﺎﻳ رﺪﭘ ﻪﻄﺑار ﺖﻴﻔﻴﻛ ﺮﺑ
ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ راﺬﮔ . زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺎﻫ ] 40 ، 41 ،
42 [ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا نآ يﺎﻳﻮﮔ ﺰﻴﻧ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ
تﺰﻋ ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ د ار ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺶﻴﭘ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد ر ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻣ ﻲ ﻛﻨ ﺪﻨ . ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ﺖﻨ ﻛ لﺎﺜﻣ ُ ]
34 [ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ردﺎﻣ
36 رﺪﭘ ﻚﺒﺳ و ﺪﺻرد 32
ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﺪﺻرد
تﺰﻋ ار ﺲﻔﻧ رد ناﺮﺴﭘ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻂﻘﻓ ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ ﺎﻣا
ﺶﻴﭘ ردﺎﻣ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
ﺮﺑ يروﺮﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺎﻫ ﺻ ي ترﻮ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز رد ﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
نﺎﺸﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ﻚﺒﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ نﺎﻘﻘﺤﻣ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﻪﻛ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ردﺎﻣ
ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺖﻴﺼﺨﺷ و ﺪﺷر ﺮﺑ ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ
ﺪﻧا ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﺗ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺪﭘ
ر
] 43 .[ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ رد ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻟﺎﺣ رد ﻦﻳا 100
صﻮﺼﺧ رد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
ﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﻄﺑار
-ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻤﻫ ،ﺰﻴﻧ رﺪﭘ ﺶﻘﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﻟاو
ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻲﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ و ﻲﻔﻃﺎﻋ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا لﻮﺤﺗ رد ردﺎﻣ ﺳا ﺖ ] 12 .[ رﻮﺸﻛ ﻞﺧاد رد هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺮﮕﻳد يﻮﺳ زا
يﻮﮕﻟا ﺮﺑ ﺮﺘﻤﻛ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
ﻲﺳد و نﺎﻳار
] 1، 2 [ و ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳﺰﻛﺮﻤﺗ
يﻮﮕﻟا زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
هدﻮﻤﻧ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺪﻨﻳﺮﻣﺎﺑ ﺪﻧا
. ﻦﻳاﺮﺑ
يﻮﮕﻟا زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ مﺎﺠﻧا سﺎﺳا ﻲﺳد و نﺎﻳار
،
ﻪﺑ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ نﺎﻣأﻮﺗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ
تﺰﻋ ﺮﺑ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺶﻧاد يروﺮﺿ و مزﻻ ،دزادﺮﭙﺑ ﻲﻧاﺮﻳا ﺮﺴﭘ و ﺮﺘﺧد نازﻮﻣآ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺎﻤﻧ ﻳﺪ .
رد اﺮﺟا ﻪﺑ يدﻮﺼﻘﻣ ﻦﻴﻨﭼ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻧ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ و هﺪﻣآ
زا ﻚﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻢﻬﺳ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ ﻪﺑ ﻚﺒﺳ
ﺎﻫ ﺮﺑ ،ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي
ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳا
ﻲﺳد و نﺎﻳار
] 1، 2 [ ﺶﻴﭘ رد ، تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺶﻧاد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ و ﻲﻧﺎﺘﺳﺮﻴﺑد نازﻮﻣآ توﺎﻔﺗ
ﺎﻫ ﻦﻳا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ ي
ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧادﺮﭘ ﻪﻨﻴﻣز .
شور
ﺖﺳا ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ عﻮﻧ زا و ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ حﺮﻃ .
ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ
ﭘ يرﺎﻣآ ﺶﻧاد ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ار ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋ نازﻮﻣآ
_________
:
! " # $% & '() *+,+ -.+
/
ﺎﭼﻮﻗ ﺮﻬﺷ ن ﻞﻴﻜﺸﺗ ﻣ ﻲ دا د . 352 ﺶﻧاد ﻦﻳا زا ﺮﻔﻧ نازﻮﻣآ
) 147
و ﺮﺘﺧد 205 ﺮﺴﭘ ( ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻖﻳﺮﻃ زا ﻪﺷﻮﺧ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ يا يا
ﺪﻧﺪﺷ بﺎﺨﺘﻧا و
ﺑﻪ ترﻮﺻ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺶﺠﻨﺳ يﺎﻫراﺰﺑا ﻲﻫوﺮﮔ
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ ﻞﻴﻤﻜﺗ ار .
ﻞﻛ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﻧدﻮﻣزآ
ﻲ ﺎﻫ 93 / 0 ± 06 / 15 ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣاد 06 / 14 ﺎﺗ 07 / 18 ، ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ناﺮﺘﺧد
86 / 0 ± 07 / 15 ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣاد 06 / 14 ﺎﺗ 10 / 17 ناﺮﺴﭘ ﻲﻨﺳ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ و 97
/ 0 ± 05 / 15 ﺎﺑ
ﻪﻨﻣاد 06 / 14 ﺎﺗ 07 / 18 دﻮﺑ . اﺮﺑ ﻊﻤﺟ ي ود زا تﺎﻋﻼﻃا يروآ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺮﻳز حﺮﺷ ﻪﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ :
ﻳﺪﻟاو تﺎﻛاردا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻨ
ﻲ :
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻟﺎﻛ ﻪﺨﺴﻧ 42
راد ﻪﻳﻮﮔ د
) ﻪﻤﻴﻧ ود رد 21
ردﺎﻣ ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻟاﺆﺳ رﺪﭘ و
( ﺖﻔﻫ تﺮﻜﻴﻟ ﺎﺑ و
ﻪﺟرد ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،رﺪﭘ يﺮﻴﮔرد ،ردﺎﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرد سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ ﺶﺷ ،يا و ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ،يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ،يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ردﺎﻣ
ار رﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺠﻨﺳ ] 44 .[
سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا رﺎﺒﺘﻋا و ﻲﻳاور رد
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﻠﻧاﻮﺷر يﺎﻬﻨﺗ ﻮ
و يزﺎﺠﺣ
] 10 [
و لاﺆﺳ ود فﺬﺣ ﺎﺑ ،يﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ و ﻲﻓﺎﺸﺘﻛا ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و ﻲﻠﻣﺎﻋ ﺶﺷ رﺎﺘﺧﺎﺳ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ ﺎﻔﻟآ
ي 82 /0 ﺎﺗ 93 /0 هدﺮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻘﻣ
ﻴ سﺎ ﺎﻫ
و 83 /0 ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﺪﻴﻳﺄﺗ درﻮﻣ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ .
يﺎﻔﻟآ ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ
زا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد خﺎﺒﻧوﺮﻛ 63
/0 ﺎﺗ 81 /0 ؛ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ 62
/0 ﺎﺗ 85 /0 د ياﺮﺑ ناﺮﺘﺧ و 65 /0 ﺎﺗ 80 /0 ﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ .
تﺰﻋ ﻪﻣﺎﻨﺸﺳﺮﭘ ﻴﻤﺳا ﺮﭘﻮﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺖ :
ﺎﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا 58
ﻪﻳﻮﮔ )8
ﺞﻨﺳ غورد نآ ﻪﻳﻮﮔ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ( تﺰﻋ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ هدﺮﺧ رﺎﻬﭼ ،يدﺮﻓ ﺲﻔﻧ
تﺰﻋ تﺰﻋ ،ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺲﻔﻧ تﺰﻋ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺲﻔﻧ
و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ
تﺰﻋ ﻲﻠﻛ هﺮﻤﻧ ﻚﻳ ار ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺠﻨﺳ ﺎﺑ ﻲﻠﺻا ﻊﺒﻨﻣ رد نآ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا و
ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ﺎﻣزآزﺎﺑ ﻲﻳ 88 /0 رد و ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎﻫ زا ﻲﻠﺧاد ي 54
/0 ﺎﺗ 77 /0
هدﺮﺧ ياﺮﺑ ﻘﻣ
ﻴ سﺎ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺳا هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ، .
ﺎﺑ سﺎﻴﻘﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻳاور
ﻪﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ هﺮﻤﻧ ﺎﺑ نآ تاﺮﻤﻧ ندﺮﻛ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا باﺮﻄﺿا سﺎﻴﻘﻣ يﺎﻫ
53 /0 ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ شراﺰﮔ ]
45 .[ هدﺮﺧ رﺎﺒﺘﻋا ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ رد
ﻘﻣ ﻴ سﺎ ﺎﻫ و تﺰﻋ زا ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ رد ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ 67
/ 0 ﺎﺗ 85 /0 رد ؛
ناﺮﺘﺧد زا 72 /0 ﺎﺗ 89 /0 ناﺮﺴﭘ رد و زا
61 /0 ﺎﺗ 82 / 0 دﻮﺑ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ .
راﺰﻓا مﺮﻧ زا ،هداد يرﺎﻣآ ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ و ﻪﻳﺰﺠﺗ ياﺮﺑ
SPSS 17
و
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ نﻮﻣزآ ،ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ رﺎﻣآ ي
t
ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﺐﻳﺮﺿ ،ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ
ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر و نﻮﺳﺮﻴﭘ .
ﻳ ﻓﺎ ﻪﺘ ﺎﻫ
ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ لوﺪﺟ رد ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ي 1
ﺐﻳاﺮﺿ و
لوﺪﺟ رد ﺲﻨﺟ ﻚﻴﻜﻔﺗ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ 2
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ هدروآ .
لوﺪﺟ 1 -ﺺﺧﺎﺷ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﻔﻴﺻﻮﺗ ي
ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي روﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي
ردﺎﻣ رﺪﭘ
ﺮﺘﺧد ﺮﺴﭘ ﻞﻛ ﺮﺘﺧد ﺮﺴﭘ ﻞﻛ
يﺮﻴﮔرد ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
88 / 22 83 / 23 45 / 23 34 / 23 34 / 24 95
/ 23
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
46 / 10 31 /5 04 /8 35 /7 35 /7 44 /7
يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ 01
/ 38 82 / 35 84 / 36 07 / 36 79 / 36 58 / 36
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
31 / 10 17 / 11 96 / 10 95 /6 76 / 12 73 / 10
ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ
42 / 30 43 / 31 96 / 30 33 / 31 23 / 29 15 / 30
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
88 /7 73 /6 31 /7 96 /7 46 /7 70 /7
ﺮﺘﺧد ﺮﺴﭘ
ﻞﻛ
ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا
تﺰﻋ يدﺮﻓ ﺲﻔﻧ 76
/ 15 82 /4 6 / 16 96 /3 25 / 16 35 /4
تﺰﻋ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺲﻔﻧ
63 /4 89 /1 99 /4 25 /2 84 /4 11 /2
تﺰﻋ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺲﻔﻧ
4 / 5 15 /2 97 /4 25 /2 15 /5 22 /2
تﺰﻋ ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ
01 /5 19 /2 08 /5 92 /1 05 /5 03 /2
تﺰﻋ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ 80
/ 30 78 /8 64 / 31 36 /7 29 / 31 98 /7
لوﺪﺟ رد هﺪﺷ جرد ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ 2
نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد تﺰﻋ نﺎﻴﻣ ﻪﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
زا كاردا و ﻲﻠﻛ ﻚﺒﺳ
ﺎﻫ ي روﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ ،ي ،ردﺎﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرد ﺰﺟ
دراد دﻮﺟو يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ .
تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ رﺪﭘ و ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ﺲﻔﻧ
نآ زا ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻦﻳﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ و ﺪﻧراد يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ و ﺖﺒﺜﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ِ
تﺰﻋ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ و ناﺮﺘﺧد ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ ردﺎﻣ
58 / 0 =
r
) 01 / 0 =
P
( ﺖﺳا .
ﻞﻛ ياﺮﺑ هﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺪﻨﭼ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ﻞﻴﻠﺤﺗ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻧﻮﻤﻧ
ﻪ رد هﺪﺷ جرد ، لوﺪﺟ
3 نﺎﺸﻧ ، ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ﻦﻴﺑ زا ﻪﻛ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ﺎﻬﻨﺗ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧزا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ،رﺪﭘ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
تﺰﻋ ﺲﻔﻧ )ﺑ ﺰﺠ تﺰﻋ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ( زا ردﺎﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻫ
ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ رﺪﭘ يﺮﻴﮔرد و ردﺎﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرد ،يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا زا ﺪﻨﺘﺴﻴﻧ ﺲﻔﻧ
. ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي 22
زا ﺪﺻرد
تﺰﻋ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻦﻴﻴﺒﺗ ار يدﺮﻓ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ياﺮﺑ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻳا
تﺰﻋ تﺰﻋ و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ،ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
0
________________________________
_______________
،ﺪﺻرد 36 و ﺪﺻرد 30 ،ﺪﺻرد ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ﻲﺘﻴﺴﻨﺟ ي زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ نﻮﻣزآ t رد ﺲﻨﺟ ود نﺎﻴﻣ يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ توﺎﻔﺗ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻞﻘﺘﺴﻣ تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا تﺰﻋ و ﺲﻔﻧ دراﺪﻧ دﻮﺟو ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ . لوﺪﺟ 2 -ﻳاﺮﺿ ﺐ يﺎﻫﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﻲﮕﺘﺴﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺲﻔﻧ تﺰﻋ هوﺮﮔ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي روﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي يﺮﻴﮔرد يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ردﺎﻣ رﺪﭘ ردﺎﻣ رﺪﭘ ردﺎﻣ رﺪﭘ يدﺮﻓ ﺮﺘﺧد 07 /0 ** 17 / 0 * 17 /0 ** 30 / 0 ** 52 / 0 ** 40 / 0 ﺮﺴﭘ 06 /0 09 /0 07 /0 ** 23 / 0 ** 26 / 0 ** 36 / 0 ﻞﻛ 07 /0 * 13 /0 * 11 /0 ** 24 / 0 ** 40 / 0 ** 36 / 0 ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺮﺘﺧد 10 /0 ** 23 / 0 04 /0 * 19 /0 ** 23 / 0 * 20 /0 ﺮﺴﭘ 04 /0 03 /0 06 /0 04 /0 04 /0 10 /0 ﻞﻛ 07 /0 08 /0 05 /0 07 /0 * 12 /0 * 12 /0 ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺮﺘﺧد 06 /0 01 /0 * 13 /0 ** 21 / 0 ** 36 / 0 ** 27 / 0 ﺮﺴﭘ * 16 /0 ** 21 / 0 01 /0 12 /0 ** 38 / 0 ** 30 / 0 ﻞﻛ 03 /0 * 12 /0 07 /0 * 13 /0 ** 36 / 0 ** 28 / 0 ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺮﺘﺧد 07 /0 ** 24 / 0 ** 26 / 0 ** 36 / 0 ** 64 / 0 ** 55 / 0 ﺮﺴﭘ * 15 /0 ** 20 / 0 * 14 /0 ** 20 / 0 ** 41 / 0 ** 42 / 0 ﻞﻛ 10 /0 ** 22 / 0 ** 19 / 0 ** 24 / 0 ** 53 / 0 ** 47 / 0 ﻲﻠﻛ ﺮﺘﺧد 06 /0 * 20 /0 * 20 /0 ** 35 / 0 ** 58 / 0 ** 47 / 0 ﺮﺴﭘ * 14 /0 ** 16 / 0 10 /0 ** 22 / 0 ** 37 / 0 ** 43 / 0 ﻞﻛ 09 /0 ** 18 / 0 * 14 /0 ** 25 / 0 ** 48 / 0 ** 43 / 0 لوﺪﺟ 3 -تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻞﻛ رد ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺎﻫ اﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ي ن ) لوﺪﺟ 4 ( اﺮﺴﭘ و ن ) لوﺪﺟ 5 ( نﺎﺸﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻫد ﻪﻛ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻧاﻮﺗ تﺰﻋ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ و ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ،يدﺮﻓ دﺎﻌﺑا رد ار ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ اﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد ن ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ ﺎﻣا ﺪﻨﻨﻛ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻴﭘ تﺰﻋ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻲﻋﺎﻤﺘﺟا ﺲﻔﻧ ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . تﺰﻋ ﺮﮔ يور زا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﺮﺘﺧد هوﺮﮔ رد يدﺮﻓ ﺲﻔﻧ دﺎﻣ ﻲﻣ ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 43 / 0 = β ( زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ يور زا ناﺮﺴﭘ هوﺮﮔ رد و يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ) 04 / 0 = P ، 16 / 0 = β ( ﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ و ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ B β t P R2
R2Adj
F *
_________
: ! " # $% & '() *+,+ -.+ 1 28 / 0 = β ( ﺶﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ . تﺰﻋ هوﺮﮔ رد ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺲﻔﻧ دﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ يور زا ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ناﺮﺘﺧد ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 34 / 0 = β ( رد و دﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ يور زا ناﺮﺴﭘ هوﺮﮔ ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 32 / 0 = β ( و ﺪﭘ يﺮﻴﮔرد ر ) 02 / 0 = P ، 14 / 0 = β ( ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻣ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ددﺮﮔ . تﺰﻋ ا هوﺮﮔ ود رد ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ ز دﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ يور ﺎﻬﻨﺗ ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 46 / 0 = β و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ 0001 / 0 = P ، 27 / 0 = β ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ ( ﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ و ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 28 / 0 = β و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ 0001 / 0 = P ، 24 / 0 = β ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ ( ﺶﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ رد ﺖﺳا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ . رد تﺰﻋ ،ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ يور زا ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد هوﺮﮔ ود رد ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ دﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 46 / 0 = β و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ 0001 / 0 = P ، 23 / 0 = β ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ ( يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ، ) 03 / 0 = P ، 15 / 0 = β و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ 04 / 0 = P ، 14 / 0 = β ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ ( و ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ﺪﭘ ر ) 0001 / 0 = P ، 20 / 0 = β و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ 0001 / 0 = P ، 27 / 0 = β ناﺮﺴﭘ ياﺮﺑ ( ﺶﻴﭘ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﺖﺳا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ . و ردﺎﻣ يﺮﻴﮔرد ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ردﺎﻣ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ دﺎﻌﺑا زا ﻚﻳ ﭻﻴﻫ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ تﺰﻋ ﺪﻧدﻮﺒﻧ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ﺲﻔﻧ . لوﺪﺟ 4 -تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناﺮﺘﺧد هوﺮﮔ رد ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ B β t P R2 R2Adj
F *
تﺰﻋ يدﺮﻓ ﺲﻔﻧ 30 / 0 28 / 0 88 / 10 ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 26 / 0 43 / 0 92 / 4 0001 / 0 تﺰﻋ ﻲﻠﻴﺼﺤﺗ ﺲﻔﻧ 18 / 0 14 / 0 34 / 5 ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 09 / 0 34 / 0 57 / 3 0001 / 0 تﺰﻋ ﻲﮔداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺲﻔﻧ 49 / 0 47 / 0 58 / 23 ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 13 / 0 46 / 0 21 / 6 0001 / 0 رﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 08 / 0 28 / 0 84 / 3 0001 / 0 تﺰﻋ ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ 39 / 0 36 / 0 91 / 15 ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 51 / 0 46 / 0 61 / 5 0001 / 0 يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ 18 / 0 15 / 0 00 / 2 03 / 0 رﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ 21 / 0 20 / 0 49 / 2 0001 / 0 * ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ F ﻄﺳ رد ﺢ 01 / 0 ≤ P ﺖﺳا رادﺎﻨﻌﻣ . لوﺪﺟ 5 -تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺐﺴﺣﺮﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ناﺮﺴﭘ هوﺮﮔ رد ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ B β t P R2
R2Adj
F *
2
________________________________
_______________
تﺰﻋ و ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ار ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ 25
تﺰـﻋ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو زا ﺪﺻرد ﺲـﻔﻧ
ار ﻲﻠﻛ رد ناﺮﺴﭘ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ .
ﺚﺤﺑ
زا كاردا ﻪـﻄﺑار ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ فﺪﻫ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻚﺒـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ ي
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ تﺰـﻋ دﺎـﻌﺑا ﺎـﺑ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ
ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ و ﺲـﻔﻧ
توﺎــﻔﺗ ﺎــﻫ ﺎــﺑ ﻮــﺴﻤﻫ ،ﺪــﺷ مﺎــﺠﻧا ﻪــﻨﻴﻣز ﻦــﻳا رد ﻲﺘﻴــﺴﻨﺟ ي
ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺎـﻫ ﻴـﺸﻴﭘ ي ﻦ ] 12 ، 35 ، 37 ، 38 [ زا كاردا ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ
ﻚﺒﺳ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﺎﺑ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ
اد ﺲﻔﻧ ﺶـﻧ رد نازﻮـﻣآ
ﻪﺑ و هدﻮﺑ طﺎﺒﺗرا يرادﺎﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ
نآ ار ﺶﻴﭘ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ . نﺎـﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
دﺎـﻌﺑا يرﺎـﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ و ردﺎﻣ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ،رﺪﭘ ﻲﻣﺮﮔ ﻪﻛ داد تﺰﻋ تﺰﻋ و ﺲﻔﻧ ﺶﻧاد رد ار ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺶﻴﭘ نازﻮﻣآ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻨﻛ .
ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗدﻮﺧ ﻪﻳﺮﻈﻧ سﺎﺳاﺮﺑ يﺮﮔ
]1 ، 2 [ دﻮـﺧ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﻲﻄﻴﺤﻣ
ﺿرا ﻪﻨﻴﻣز ﻲﺳﺎﺳا يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ يﺎ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور
ار ﻲ رد داﺮﻓا ﺪـﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ
يرﺎﮔزﺎــﺳ و ﺖﻣﻼــﺳ ﻪــﺑ ،ﻲــﻧورد شﺰــﻴﮕﻧا ﻞــﻳﺎﻤﺗ ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا ﺎــﺑ ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور يرﺎﻳ داﺮﻓا ﻲ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪﻧﺎﺳر . ﻚﻴﻨﻟوﺮﮔ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و ]3
[ ﺮـﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ
رد و ﺪـﻨﻳﺎﻤﻧ ﻖ ﻠﻌﺗ سﺎﺴﺣا ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧراد زﺎﻴﻧ داﺮﻓا ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ّ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا سﺎﺴﺣا نﺎﻧآ ﺎﺑ دﻮﺧ ﻂﺑاور ﺪﻨﻨﻛ
. ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻨﻳﺪـﻟاو سﺎﺳا ﻦﻳاﺮﺑ
مأﻮﺗ ﻲﻤﻴﻤﺻ و مﺮﮔ رﺎﺘﻓر و هدﻮﺑ سﺎ ﺴﺣ دﻮﺧ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ يﺎﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﻪﺑ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ ،ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﻨﻣا دﺎﺠﻳا ﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد نﺎﻧآ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ﻖﻳﻮﺸﺗ ﺎﺑ حﻮﻄـﺳ دﻮـﺧ ﻪـﺑﻮﻧ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﻳا ﻪﻛ دﺮﻛ ﺪﻨﻫاﻮﺧ ءﺎﺿرا نﺎﻧآ رد ار ﻖ ﻠﻌﺗ ّ تﺰﻋ زا ﻲﻳﻻﺎﺑ دﺎﺠﻳا ار ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ .
ردﺎـﻗ ردﺎـﻣ يﺮـﻴﮔرد و رﺪﭘ يﺮﻴﮔرد ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺶﻴﭘ ﻪﺑ تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ . ﻖﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﻦﻳا ﻣﺮﻤﻳز
ﻦ
] 36 [ ﺖﺳا ﻮﺴﻤﻫﺎﻧ .
ارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﻳوود ن
] 40 [ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦـﻳا ﺮـﺑ
ﻚﺒﺳ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄـﺗ ﻲـﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا
ـﻣ ﻲ ﺬـﭘ ﻳ دﺮ يﺮـﻴﮔرد و
د ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ر ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﻨـﺳ ي ﺎـﺑ و هدﻮـﺑ هاﺮـﻤﻫ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﺎـﺑ
ﻲﮕﺘـﺴﻳﺎﺷ و ﺖﻳﺎﻔﻛ سﺎﺴﺣا ،يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ﺲﺣ شروﺮﭘ زا ﺖﻌﻧﺎﻤﻣ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﺮﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ رد ناور
ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺷ ﺎﻧ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻲ دراد بﻮﻠﻄﻣ .
ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻠﺤﺗ ﻴ ﻞ ﺎﻫ ﻲﻠﻋ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد ياﺮﺑ نﻮﻴﺳﺮﮔر ي
تﺰﻋ ﻪﻜﻧآ ﻢﻏر ﺎﻗ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻜﻳ يﻮﮕﻟا ﺎﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ و ناﺮﺘﺧد رد ﻲﻠﻛ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻞﺑ
ﺶﻴﭘ زا ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ ﺎﻣا ﺖﺳا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺎﻫ ] 37 ، 41 [ ﻚﺒﺳ ﺎﻫ ي
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ تﺰـﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﻪﻧﻮﮔ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ
و ناﺮـﺘﺧد ﺲـﻔﻧ
ﺶﻴﭘ ار ناﺮﺴﭘ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻨﻛ . ﻚﻴﻨﻟوﺮﮔ ] 4 [ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﻛ ﺖﺳا روﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ
يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ﻞﻣاﻮﻋ زا ﻪﺘﺳد ﻪﺳ زا ردﺎﻣ و رﺪﭘ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺬﭘ ﻳ دﺮ : ﺖـﺴﺨﻧ
وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ نﺎـﻛدﻮﻛ زا ﻚـﻳ ﺮﻫ ﻪﻛ اﺮﭼ ؛نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﻲﺘﻴﺼﺨﺷ و يدﺮﻓ ي
ﺎﺑ وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ي ﺘﺧﺎﻨﺸﻧاور ﻪﺑ دﻮﺧ صﺎﺧ ﻲ ﺎﻴﻧد
ﻣ ﻲ آﻳ ﺪﻨ ، وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻪـﻛ ﻲﻳ
ﺮﺑ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو رد ار ﻲﺻﺎﺧ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ماﺪﻛ ﺮﻫ ﻣ
ﻲ ﮕﻧا ﻴ ﺪﻧﺰ ، ﻪﺑ ناﻮـﻨﻋ لﺎـﺜﻣ
ﺮـﺑ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺎﺑ مأﻮﺗ يﺮﻴﮔرد ﺚﻋﺎﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ رد ﻲﺘﺨﺳﺮﺳ نﺎﻧآ يﺎﻫرﺎﺘﻓر ﻣ
ﻲ ددﺮﮔ . ﺎﻋ مود ﻞﻣ وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ﻂﻴﺤﻣ ي
رد ﻲﮔﺪﻧز ؛ﺖﺳا ﺤﻣ
ﻴ ﻂ ﺎﻫ سﺮﺘﺳا ي ﺚﻋﺎﺑ از ﻣ ﻲ دﻮﺷ ،يژﺮـﻧا ﻦﻳﺪـﻟاو
رد نﺪﺷﺮﻴﮔرد ياﺮﺑ مزﻻ ﻲﻧاور ﻲﮔدﺎﻣآ و نﺎﻣز ﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ار ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي ،هدﻮﻤﻧ لﺎﻤﻋا نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ و ﺖﻳدوﺪﺤﻣ و ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاﺪﻧ
ﺳر ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﻪﺑ ار يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ يﺎﺿرا ﻲـﻧاور دﺮـﻜﻠﻤﻋ ﺮﺑ و هﺪﻧﺎ
ﺪﻧراﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ نﺎﻧآ .
مﻮﺳ ﻞﻣﺎﻋ وﻳ
ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﻞﻴﺒﻗ زا ،ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو دﻮﺧ يدﺮﻓ ي
ﻪﺘـﺳاﻮﺧ و لﺎﻣآ و ﺪﻧراد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ زا ﻪﻛ ﻲﺗﺎﻌﻗﻮﺗ ﻪـﻛ ﺖـﺳا نﺎـﻧآ يﺎـﻫ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ ﻪـﺑ بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا ﺖـﺻﺮﻓ نداﺪـﻧ ﺎﻳ نداد و نﺎﻧآ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺑ
دراﺬﮕﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ .
اﺮﺑ ﻳ ﻦ سﺎﺳا توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻦـﻳا رد هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳﺪﺑ ي
ار ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻣ
ﻲ ناﻮﺗ زا ﻲﺷﺎﻧ توﺎـﻔﺗ ﺎـﻫ ناﺮـﺘﺧد ﻲـﺗاذ و يدﺮـﻓ ي و
ناﺮﺴﭘ و وﻳ ﮔﮋ ﻲ ﺎﻫ ﺖﺴﻧاد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ درﻮﻣ ﻪﻌﻣﺎﺟ ﻲﮕﻨﻫﺮﻓ ي .
ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
تﺰﻋ يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا رﺪﭘ ﺖﻳﺎﻤﺣ ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﺲﻔﻧ
ﺶﻴﭘ ناﺮﺴﭘ رد ﻂﻘﻓ ار يدﺮﻓ ﻲﻨﻴﺑ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻨﻛ ﺶﻴـﭘ ﻪﺑ ردﺎﻗ و ﻦـﻳا ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
ﺮﻴﻐﺘﻣ ﺖـﺴﻴﻧ ناﺮـﺘﺧد رد و
ﺎﻤﺣ ـﻳ ﺖ ﻪـﺑ ردﺎـﻗ يرﺎـﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ زا ردﺎـﻣ
ﺶﻴﭘ تﺰﻋ دﺎﻌﺑا ﻲﻨﻴﺑ هوﺮﮔ ود رد ﺲﻔﻧ
ﻤﻧ ﻲ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . ـﻧار و ﻢﻴﻛ ﺮ ] 39 [ ﺮـﺑ
رد هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﻪﺑ ﻪﺟﻮﺗ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫ ﻦﻳا و ﻲﺘﻨﺳ ي
ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ ﻪﺘﻜﻧ ﮓﻨﻫﺮﻓ
ﺎﻫ نورد رد ﻂﺑاور هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ
ﺎﻫ ماﺮـﺘﺣا سﺎﺳا ﺮﺑ
دراد راﺮـﻗ ﺖﻋﺎﻃا و ﻢﻴﻤـﺼﺗ ﻖـﺣ و بﺎـﺨﺘﻧا يدازآ نداد ،
ﻪـﺑ يﺮـﻴﮔ
،رﺪﭘ فﺮﻃ زا ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻪﺑ
ناﻮﻨﻋ گرﺰﺑ ﺮﺗ و لﻮﺌﺴﻣ ،هداﻮﻧﺎﺧ ـﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ رد يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ﻪﺑ زﺎﻴﻧ يﺎﺿرا ﺮﺑ يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ .
زا
ﻦﻳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺮﮕﻳد ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺶﻴﭘ رد رﺪﭘ يﺮﻴﮔرد ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ تﺰـﻋ ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
ﺲـﻔﻧ
ﺶﻴــﭘ رد ردﺎـﻣ يﺮـﻴﮔرد ﻲﻧاﻮﺗﺎــﻧ و ناﺮـﺴﭘ رد ﻲﻠﻴـﺼﺤﺗ دﺎــﻌﺑا ﻲـﻨﻴﺑ
تﺰﻋ دﻮﺑ ﺲﻨﺟ ود رد ﺲﻔﻧ .
ﻚﻨﻴﺳ ﻪﺘﻧوﺮﺑ ارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و
ن ] 36 [ ﺪـﻧﺪﻘﺘﻌﻣ
و ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ،ﻲﻔﻃﺎـﻋ لﻮـﺤﺗ و ﺪـﺷر رد رﺪـﭘ يروﺮﭘﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ﻚﺒﺳ ﻪﻛ ﻦـﻳا و دراد ﻲ ﻤﻬﻣ ﺶﻘﻧ نﺎﻛدﻮﻛ ﻲﺘﺴﻳﺰﻬﺑ ﻚﺒـﺳ
ﺎـﻫ اﺮـﺘﺧد ﺮـﺑ و ن
ﺪﻧراد ﻲﺗوﺎﻔﺘﻣ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ناﺮﺴﭘ .
ﺎـﺑ ﺮﺘـﺸﻴﺑ نارﺪـﭘ ﻪـﻛ ﺪـﻧروﺎﺑ ﻦﻳا ﺮﺑ نﺎﻧآ
رد نارﺪﭘ ؛ناﺮﺘﺧد ﺎﺑ ﺎﺗ ﺪﻧﺮﻴﮔرد ناﺮﺴﭘ ﻟﺎﻌﻓ
ـﻴ ﺖ ﺎـﻫ شزرو ﻞـﻴﺒﻗ زا ﻲﻳ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ناﺮﺴﭘ غاﺮﺳ ﻣ
ﻲ ﺪـﻧور ياﺮـﺑ ناﻮـﺟﻮﻧ ناﺮـﺴﭘ و ناﺮـﺘﺧد ﺎـﺗ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ترﻮﺸﻣ رﺪﭘ غاﺮﺳ
ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﻧور ردﺎﻣ ﺎﺗ اﺬﻟ ؛ ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪـﺳر ﻚﺒـﺳ
ﺑ رﺪﭘ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺘﺷاد يﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺮﻴﺛﺄﺗ ناﺮﺴﭘ يور ﺮ .
ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ يﺮﻴﮔ
ﻪﺑ ﺮﻈﻧ ﻣ ﻲ ﺪﺳر ﻪﺑ ﻪﻛ يداﺮﻓا ﻪﻤﻫ و ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو لﻮـﺤﺗ و ﺪﺷر ﺎﺑ يﻮﺤﻧ
ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ،ﺪﻨﻃﺎﺒﺗرا رد نﺎﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪﺑ
لﺎﺒﻧد ﻢﻫاﺮﻓ ﻲﻋﺎـﻤﺘﺟا ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ندﻮﻤﻧ
دﻮــﺧ ﻲــﻧاور يﺎــﻫزﺎﻴﻧ ﺎــﺗ ﺪــﻫد هزﺎــﺟا نﺎــﻧاﻮﺟﻮﻧ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﻛ ﺪﻨــﺷﺎﺑ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧزﺎﺳ هدروآﺮﺑ ار ﻖ ﻠﻌﺗ سﺎﺴﺣا و يرﺎﺘﺨﻣدﻮﺧ ،ﻲﮕﺘﺴﻳﺎﺷ ّ .
ﻪـﺘﻜﻧ
ظﺎﺤﻟ ﻦﻤﺿ ﻦﻳﺪﻟاو ،ﻪﻜﻨﻳا ﺖﻴﻤﻫا ﺰﺋﺎﺣ ندﺮﻛ
توﺎﻔﺗ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺘﻴـﺴﻨﺟ ي
ناﺮﺘﺧد نﺎﻴﻣ و
ناﺮﺴﭘ ﺪﻳﺎﺑ ، ﻪﺑ لﺎﺒﻧد هار ﺎﻫ ﺮﻴﮔرد ياﺮﺑ ﻲﻳ رد نﺪـﺷ
ﻓ ﻟﺎﻌ ﻴ ﺖ ﺎﻫ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﻞﻗاﺪﺣ ﺎﺑ ﻪﻛ ﺪﻨﺷﺎﺑ ناﺪﻧزﺮﻓ ي .
ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ و ﺮﻜﺸﺗ
و ﺪﻧدﻮﻤﻧ يرﺎﻳ ار ﺎﻣ ﺶﻫوﮋﭘ ﻦﻳا ياﺮﺟا رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻧﺎﺴﻛ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ زا ﻪﺑ هﮋﻳو ﻢﻧﺎﺧ ﺎﻫ ﻲﺟﺎﺣ ﻪﻔﻃﺎﻋ و ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ،نﺎﻴﺳﺎﺒﻋ هﺮﻫﺎﻃ و هداز
يراﺰﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳ ﻣ
ﻲ ددﺮﮔ .
_________
:
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3
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