Reconfigurable System-on-Chip Design
MITCHELL MYJAK
Senior Research Engineer
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory PNNL-SA-93202
About Me
Biography
BSEE, University of Portland, 2002
PhD, Washington State University, 2006
Came to PNNL under Department of Homeland Security Fellowship Full time at PNNL since May 2006
Technical Signature
Low-power electronics for radiation
detection and wildlife monitoring
Efficient algorithms for spectral
analysis and radiation imaging
FPGA embedded platforms
Electronics/firmware/software
Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
Operated by Battelle since 1965
Unique S&T strengths and capabilities Mission-driven collaborations with
government, industry and academia
Our vision
PNNL will be recognized worldwide and valued nationally and regionally for leadership in science and for rapidly
translating discoveries into solutions for
challenges in energy, the environment, and national security.
PNNL’s National Security Mission
Leverages the national science base to detect complex threats and respond to disruptive events Nuclear sciences and detection expertise derived from the Hanford mission
Capitalizing on PNNL’s strengths in the energy-security nexus
Approximately 781 staff;
$554 M in business volume Clients include
Ultra-trace
detection and forensics CBRNE threat signature discovery, validation and exploitation
Information analytics and visualization
Network security and data integrity
Nuclear material security Integrated security solutions
Applied Nuclear S&T
Chemical and molecular science
Advanced
Computer Science, Visualization & Data
Chemical Engineering
Biological Systems Science
Systems Engineering and Integration
Stewards S&T capabilities for long-term security missions
Detection Systems
Nuclear and Radiological Measurement Technologies
Development and Integration of Detection Systems
Outline
Overview Modules
Design Tools
Case Studies
Detection System
Sensor Analog
processing
Digital processing Power
Interface
radiation motion
temperature pressure magnetic acoustic
amplifiers shapers
discriminators digitizers
buffers filters
calibration analysis control
buttons display serial Ethernet wireless batteries
regulators
high voltage bias
Digital Processing
Option Pros Cons
Microprocessor • High performance
• Full-featured platforms
• Familiar design tools
• Limited customization
• Relatively high power
Microcontroller • Low power modes
• Small size
• Limited performance
• Fixed peripheral set
• Obscure datasheets FPGA • High performance
• Highest flexibility
• Run tasks in parallel
• Higher static power
• Volatile memory
• Specialized design tools Full custom • Highest performance
• Lowest power
• Can combine with analog
• High cost
• Limited flexibility
Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA)
logic block routing switch
Features
Flexible input/output pins
Selectable voltage level Configurable drive strength Controlled impedance
Embedded modules
Clock generators
Configurable delay blocks Fast serial communication
Digital signal processing tiles with fast multipliers and adders Memory units
Microprocessor cores
System-on-Chip
FPGA
Processor core Memory
interface
Ethernet
interface Cache
Custom logic
Custom interface
System bus Clock
generator
Queue
Outline
Overview
Modules
Design Tools
Case Studies
Avnet Virtex-4 Mini Module
Xilinx Virtex-4
64 MB SRAM
4 MB Flash
Ethernet interface Platform
Flash 100 MHz
clock Power supplies
76 GPIO pins
Xilinx Virtex-4 FX12
90 nm process
1.2 V core, up to 3.3 V interface 12k logic cells
32 DSP slices
847 Kb block RAM
1 PowerPC processor core
16 KB instruction cache and data cache
Coprocessor interface via user-defined instructions Up to 300 MHz
2 Ethernet MACs
Pico Computing E-102
Xilinx Zynq-7020
512 MB SRAM
MicroSD card
USB interface Platform
Flash 200 MHz
clock Power supplies
33 GPIO pins
picocomputing.com
50 mm
80 mm
Xilinx Zynq-7020
28 nm process
Dual-core ARM Cortex processor
Floating point unit
Memory management unit
32 KB L1 instruction cache and data cache 512 KB L2 cache
Up to 1 GHz operation
85k logic cells 220 DSP slices 560 Kb block RAM Two 12-bit ADCs
SPI, I
2C, CAN, UART
2-3 W operating, 100 mW sleep
Outline
Overview Modules
Design Tools
Case Studies
Xilinx EDK
custom
Xilinx EDK
Xilinx EDK
Xilinx EDK
Xilinx SDK
Outline
Overview Modules
Design Tools
Case Studies
GammaTracker
High resolution handheld radioisotope identifier
18 pixelated CdZnTe detectors Each detector read out by ASIC
Real-time energy correction, isotope identification, and directionality
On-board high voltage supplies
Powered by two camcorder batteries for several hours
Received R&D 100 award in 2010
GammaTracker
Mother- board FPGA board Interface SBC
board HV
generation
ASIC boards
CZT detectors
HV distribution
HV regulation
LV power Batteries
LCD screen + memory card Buttons +
joystick
GammaTracker
Xilinx Spartan-3 FPGA
MicroBlaze processor Real-time
correction Config
memory
On-chip memory Sensor
interface
Motion interface
Microproc.
interface Readout ASICs
Motion sensors
energy correction dose rate
directionality
GammaTracker
Old Imaging Algorithm New Imaging Algorithm
Unattended Sensors
Low profile, battery operated, unattended sensor for detecting anomalous radiation sources Dual gamma/neutron scintillator:
Cs
2LiYCl
6:Ce (CLYC)
Low-power electronics for detector readout and gamma- neutron discrimination
Efficient algorithms for radiation anomaly detection and isotope identification
Powered by sixteen lithium cells for ~30 days
CLYC detector PMT
Unattended Sensors
PMT PMT base Processing
board Batteries (16 total)
FPGA module
Temperature sensors Accelerometer
Cellular modem Display
Ethernet and RS-232 LV regulators
Adapter
HV multiplier HV generator Readout
LV regulators
Front Compartment Back Compartment
(16 total)
Unattended Sensors
Custom low-power PMT base
High voltage generator High voltage multiplier Readout: Wilkinson ADC
70 mW per PMT
Vth
Delay
↑ by T
vout vC
vC
vcmp vcmp
vout
Unattended Sensors
Xilinx Virtex-4 FPGA
PowerPC processor Memory
interface
Sensor interface
Floating point unit Peripheral
interface SRAM
PMT bases
Other sensors
Modem Wireless modem
energy calibration anomaly detection isotope identification logic pulses
Unattended Sensors
Energy (keV)
Counts / 5 keV
Sample spectra from CLYC detector + PMT + low-power electronics
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000
101 102 103
104 133Ba
137Cs
60Co
252Cf with Pb
