Study on the Instantaneous Temperature and Life Prediction of Polymer Gear Based on ANSYS/LS DYNA

) 8 1 0 2 O S M ( n o it a z i m it p O d n a n o it a l u m i S , g n il e d o M n o e c n e r e f n o C l a n o it a n r e t n I 8 1 0 2

8 7 9 : N B S

I -1-60595-5 -421

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1_{Schoo lofMechanica lEngineeirng ,UniverstiyofJinan ,Jinan250022,China}

2_{Schoo lofEngineeirng,UniverstiyofWarwick,UK}

r o h t u a g n i d n o p s e r r o C *

s d r o w y e

K :Polymergear,Instantaneoust emperature,Lfieprediciton ,Fintieelemen tsimulaiton.

.t c a r t s b

A Takingthepolymergearastheresearch object,analyzingtheinstantaneoustemperature t

r a e g r e m y l o p e h t n i e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t f o e s i

r hrough combinedsystematica lapproachoftheoreitca l i

s y l a n a t n e m e l e e ti n i f d n a c i t e m h t i r

a s.I tisfoundt ha tthel oadingtorque ,comparedtotherotaitona l d

e e p

s ,hasamoresignifican teffec ton theinstantaneoust emperaturerise .Taketheinfluenceofthe e

u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t d n a d e e p

s oft hemeshingpolymergearintoful lconsideration,t helifeoft hegear e

b n a

c predicted .And its correctness also can be verified by experiments ,which is of grea t e

u l a v l a c it e r o e h

t andhasapromisingprospectonengineeringappilcaiton.

n o it c u d o r t n I

o t u a , e c a p s o r e a e h t n i d e s u y l d a o r b n e e b e v a h s r a e g e ti s o p m o c r e m y l o

P -manufacturing ,

, s c i n o r t c e l

e foodandmedica lprocessingi ndustry ,etc .Itsdevelopmen tprospecti spromising[1]_.The

n o it c i r f y b d e t a r e n e g t a e

h during the meshing of the polymer wil lcause the temperature of the n

a h t r e h g i h a e r a g n i h s e

m that of the gear body .And when the temperature rises , tis mechanica l d

e c u d e r y lt n a c i f i n g i s e b l l i w s e i t r e p o r

p ,whichwillt husreducet hedurabilityandshortenthelifeof r

a e g e h

t . c i r

E [2] _{haveproposed a new method to study thetherma lbehavior of polymergears .Based on}

e b t s e t t o h a , d o h t e m s i h

t nch with infrared camerawasdeveloped K .Mao[ -34] _{,taking aceta lgear}

d n a s r a e g e l u c e l o m o r c a m r e m y l o p f o e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s e h t d e i d u t s , t n e m i r e p x e f o t c e j b o e h t s a

u t a r e p m e t h s a l f d n a e r u t a r e p m e t t n e i b m a , e r u t a r e p m e t y d o b r a e g f o s e g n a h c e h t t a h t d n u o

f re al l

L h c a b o B r a e g e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s e h t t c e f f

a [5] _{introduced severa lmethodsof gear therma l}

t n e r e f f i d r e d n u r a e g e h t f o d l e i f e r u t a r e p m e t l a n r e t n i e h t f o e g n a h c e h t d e i d u t s d n a , s i s y l a n a

a r e p m e t r a e g e h t f o s s e n t c e r r o c e h t d e i f i r e v d n a , s d o h t e

m turefield .CJHooke[6]_{studiedaceta lgears}

e t a r r a e w r a e g e h t , e u l a v l a c i t i r c e h t e v o b a s e s a e r c n i e u q r o t n o i s s i m s n a r t e h t n e h w t a h t d n u o f d n a

. e t a r r a e w h g i h o t e t a r r a e w w o l m o r f e g n a h c y l l a c i t s a r d l l i w

e h t g n i k a

T PEEKasthegearmatrixmateria landreferringtothetheory offriciton ,hea ttransfer , ,

y t i c i t s a l e o c s i v d n a y r o e h t z t r e

H through ANSYS/L -S DYNA analysis program ,the finite elemen t l

e d o m s i s y l a n

a of transien tdynamic temperature field of polymer gear was estab ilshed ,and the d

l e i f e r u t a r e p m e

t and the contac tstress of thepolymer gear are simulated and analyzed .And the e

u q r o t d a o l r a e

g and the rotationa lspeed which wil lhave influence on the results were also .

d e t c i d e r p s a w r a e g r e m y l o p h g i h e h t f o e f i l g n i k r o w e h t h c i h w n o d e s a b , d e z y l a n

a And the

e d i v o r p n a c h c i h w f o s tl u s e r e h t , s t s e t y b d e i f i r e v o s l a s a w n o it c i d e r p s i h t f o y t i l i b a i l e

r theoretica l

s i s a

b forpolymergeardesign.

Gea rTherma lAnalyssi

h t r e h g i h s i e c a f r u s h t o o t g n i h s e m e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t s u o e n a t n a t s n i e h t , n o i s s i m s n a r t e h t n

I an that

d e g a g n e e r a s r a e g e h t n e h w t a h t n w o n k s i t i , y r o e h t h s a l f k c o l l u B e h t o t g n i d r o c c A . y d o b r a e g e h t f

o ,

e r u t a r e p m e t s u o e n a t n a t s n i e h

t ,higher than the body temperature, is constantly changing ,bu tthe t

d e t i m il s i d n a l l a m s y r e v s i n o i t a i r a v f o e g n a

d e m u s s a y ll a r e n e g s i t i , e r o f e r e h

T thetemperatureofeach poin tissetwhen the gear is meshing , s

i h t e e t r a e g e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t y d o b e h t d n

a regardedasasteady-statefieldproblem. v

l o s r o f s n o i t a u q e e h

T ingthesteady-stateproblemoftemperaturefieldaregenerallyobtained by y

d a e t s n u e h t g n i m r o f s n a r

t -state equation .The genera lform of the three-dimensiona lunsteady n

o i t a u q e l a i t n e r e f f i d l a m r e h

t sare:[7]

( )

Φ +      

∂ ∂ ∂

∂ +      

∂ ∂ ∂

∂ +      

∂ ∂ ∂

∂ = ∂

∂

z T z y T y x T x T c

t ρ λ λ λ _{. ( 1)}

•

Φ ,thehea tsourcestrengthofthetemperaturefield ,isprocessedasaconstant .Accordingtothe s

a d e t a e r t s i h t e e t r a e g e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t y d o b e h t , y r o e h t k c o ll u

B a steady-statefield problem , Underthiscond tiion,t heunsteadyequaitoni s:

2 2 2 2 2 2

z T y

T x

T t T

c + ∂_∂

∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ = ∂

∂ _{λ λ λ}

ρ

. ( 2)

y d a e t s e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t e h

T -statet emperaturefielddoesno tchangewitht imepassingby:

0

= ∂ ∂

t T

. ( 3)

y d a e t s e h t , e r o f e r e h

T -statet emperaturefieldequationi s:

0

2 2 2 2 2 2

= ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂ + ∂ ∂

z T y

T x

T _{λ λ}

λ

. ( 4)

When conducting the finite elemen tsimulation analysis of the friciton hea tof the gears ,in r

o t c a f n o i t c i r f g n i d i l s e h t , s r a e g e h t f o s r e t e m a r a p l a i r e t a m d n a e z i s e h t o t n o it i d d

a isalsoneeded.

f o n o it a n i m r e t e

D SildingFric itonFactor

t e k r e h t e r e h t e y l o p , s i s e h t s i h t n

I one(PEEK)ischosenasakind ofnewpolymermaterial ,andi tis n i e b n a c d n a , n o i t a z i l l a t s y r c l a i c e p s s ti o t e u d s e i t r e p o r p l a c i n a h c e m d n a e c n a t s i s e r t a e h d o o g f o

g n o

l -termusea t250 �.

e h t f o n o i t c i r f f o t n e i c i f f e o c e h t f o n o i t a n i m r e t e d e h t , a t a d e t a r u c c a e r o m n i a t b o o t r e d r o n I

d e r u s a e m s i l a i r e t a

m at a MMG-10 high temperature proteciton friction and wear tester .The ,

e m it e m a s e h t t A . 1 e l b a T n i n w o h s e r a t s e t e h t f o s n o i ti d n o c g n i k r o

w theslidingfricitoncoefficien t n

i n w o h s s i ) K E E P ( e n o t e k r e h t e r e h t e y l o p e h t f

o Figure 1 .Take the average value to ge ta slip .

4 3 . 0 f o r o t c a f n o it c i r f

. 1 e l b a

T Fricitonandweart es tconditions.

d a o

L (N) _spR_eeo_dta_(rti_/n_mg_in) F_wric_eati_ro_sn_taa_tn_ed Temperature(�) Time(s)

0 0

2 2 00 Dryfriction 20� 3600

e r u g i

F 1 .Frictionandwearcurve.

0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 0

0 . 0 5 0 . 0 0 1 . 0 5 1 . 0 0 2 . 0 5 2 . 0 0 3 . 0 5 3 . 0 0 4 . 0 5 4 . 0 0 5 . 0

tn

ei

cif

fe

o

C

noi

tci

r

F

eg

ar

ev

A

l a i r e t a

M Parameters

. 2 e l b a T n i n w o h s e r a ) K E E P ( e n o t e k r e h t e r e h t e y l o p e h t f o s e i t r e p o r p e h T

2 e l b a

T . PEEKmateria lproperites.

c i t s a l E

a P / s u l u d o

M Proaitsisoo/un's conduTcthiveritmy/aW l/m·k Thceoremffaic lieexnpt/a℃ns-1ion

t a e h c i f i c e p S

/ y t i c a p a c ·

J (K ℃)g· -1 Density/g/cm 3

0 1 × 5 5 .

3 9 _{0 .4 0.25 4.7×10}-5 _{1330 1.32}

s u o e n a t n a t s n

I TemperatureR esi Simula iton Mode lEstablsihment

e e r h t e h t g n i s

U -dimensiona lsoftwareSolidworkstomode lthegear ,thispaperselectstwoinvolute s i l e d o m e h T . 3 e l b a T n i n w o h s e r a s r e t e m a r a p r a e g e h T . s r e t e m a r a p e m a s e h t h t i w s r a e g r u p s

g i F n i n w o h

s u .re3

3 e l b a

T . Gearparameters.

e l u d o

M Tooth s r e b m u

n Praensgsluere Facewidth thTicokonthess coTeofpfilcinieent Tcooeoftfhichiiegnht Croanttiaoc t

m m

2 3 0 2 0° 17mm 3.14mm 0.25 1 1.65

, n o i t a l u c l a c f o y c n e i c i f f e e h t e v o r p m i o t r e d r o n

I theContac tSizingmethodisused torefinethe ,

h t e e t e h t n o d i r

g whicharemoredensenearthegrid ,sparsein otherareas ,thetota lnumberofthe s

i s t i n

u 174780,t henodes, 206,288.

e r u g i

F 2. Gearmodeling. Figure 3. Dividest hegrid.

e ti n i

F Elemen tAnalyssi

S Y S N A e r a w t f o s s i s y l a n a t n e m e l e e t i n i f e h

T / SL -DYNA was introduced into the model ,and the S

L y b d e z y l a n a e r e w s tl u s e

r -PREPOSTpost-processingsoftwaret oobtaint het ransientt emperature .

n o i t u b i r t s i d s s e r t s e h t d n a d l e i f

e h t e t a l u m i s o t t u o d e i r r a c s i r a e g r e m y l o p e h t f o n o i t a l u m i s n o i t c i r f t n e i s n a r t e h t , e s a c s i h t n I

actua lworking conditions of the gear meshing ,the torque of the driving whee lis 50r/min ,the l

e e h w g n i v i r d e h t f o n o i t c e r i d g n i t a t o r e h t o t l e e h w n e v i r d e h t y b d e il p p a e u q r o

t ,20N·m ,the

0 2 t a t e s s a w e r u t a r e p m e t t n e i b m

a �. Thecalculation itmeis 0.02s ,thecalculaiton step is0.001s , . d e s s u c s i d d n a d e z y l a n a e r a s t l u s e r n o i t a l u m i s e h t d n a , 4 3 . 0 s i t n e i c i f f e o c n o it c i r f g n i d i l s t u p n i e h t

e r u g i

e c a f r u s h t o o t r a e g r e m y l o p e h t m o r

F temperature and contac tstress distribution displayed in , e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t n i d e r r u c c o y l n i a m s i r a e g e h t f o e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t s u o e n a t n a t s n i e h t , 4 e r u g i F

, n o it u b i r t s i d t n e i d a r g e r u t a r e p m e t t n a c i f i n g i s a g n i w o h

s and a large contac tstress occurs a tthe s

o

p iitonoft hemeshingpoin.t

e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t f o n o it u b i r t s i d e r u t a r e p m e t e h t e v r e s b o o t r e d r o n

I more intuitively ,tooth l

e e h w e v i r d e h t f o e c a f r u

s wasselected a tthe meshing when t= 0.012s ,and extrac tal lthe node ,

e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t n o n o i t a m r o f n

i at oothsurfacet emperaturedistributionmapasFigure5wasdrew.

e r u g i

F 5.Toothsurfacet emperature3Ddistribuitonmap.

m o r f n e e s e b n a c t

I Figure5tha ttherearetwopeaksinthepositionofthetoothsurfacenearthe ,

n o it i s o p p o t h t o o t e h t d n a t o o r h t o o

t where are the gear meshing and the meshing posiiton w

o l f t a e h e h t o s , e g r a l s i s s e r t s t c a t n o c e h t e s u a c e b , y l e v i t c e p s e

r generatedbyfrictionisalso much n

a h t r e g r a

l tha t of other meshing points , distributing along the tooth width direction , the s

i e s i r e r u t a r e p m e

t alsoofsymmetrica ldistribution.

f o s is y l a n

A In lfuencingFactors

Thefactorstha taffectthefriction ofthepolymergear,besidesthegeometriccharacteristicsofthe r

a e

g and materials ,also include the high frequency of the gears and the load torque. Then the f

o s i s y l a n

a theinfluenceoftherotationspeed and theappiled torqueon friction heatwil lbemade n

o d e s a

b thehighmoleculargearDrivemeshingsimulationresultsunderavarietyofconditions. e h t , e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t e h t n o d e e p s d n a e u q r o t f o t c e f f e e h t e v r e s b o y l e v i ti u t n i e r o m o t r e d r o n I

e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t n o s e d o n e h t f o n o i t a m r o f n

i when t=0.01sisextractedunderthetorqueof1N·m e

r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s h t o o t e h t , e v o b a d e n o i t n e m s A . y l e v i t c e p s e

r distributedsymmetricallyalongthe h

t d i w h t o o t f o n o it c e r i

d canbeconsideredt obet hesame.ThefollowingFigure6wasdrewt oshow e

h

t rotation speed and thetemperature rise undertorque1N·m .A tthesame time in the 50r /min e

u q r o t e h t t c a r t x e o t d e e p

s when t=0.01si st hetoothsurfacenodeinformation ,drawthefollowing e

r u g i

F 7showst het orquerisegraph.

e r u g i

F 6.Thespeedofthet emperaturerisemap. Figure7.Thet orqueoft het emperaturerisemap.

m o r f n e e s e b n a c t

I Figure 6 and Figure 7 tha tthe distribution trend of the tooth surface D 3 e h t s a e m a s e h t s i n o it c e r i d p o t h t o o t e h t o t n o it c e r i d t h g i e h h t o o t e h t m o r f e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t

f o n o i t u b i r t s i

d the tooth surface temperature analyzed above ,And there is a peak in the gear e g r a l a d n a e g r a l s i s t n i o p o w t e s e h t y b d e t a r e n e g s s e r t s t c a t n o c e h t e c n i s , g n i k i r t s d n a g n i h s e m

0 1 2 3 4 5

℃/

T

esi

r

er

ut

ar

ep

me

T

t o o r h t o o T n o i t c e r i d h g i h h t e e T p o t h t o o T

n i m / r 0 5

n i m / r 0 5 2

n i m / r 0 0 5

n i m / r 0 0 0 1

n i m / r 0 0 5 1

0 1 2 3

℃/

T

esi

r

er

ut

ar

ep

me

T

t o o r h t o o T n o i t c e r i d h g i h h t e e T p o t h t o o T

m · N 1

m · N 5

m · N 0 1

m · N 5 1

m · N 0 2

m · N 5 2

s i w o l f t a e h l a n o i t c i r f f o t n u o m

a thusgenerated .FromFigure6andFigure7 ,i tcanbeseentha tthe n a c t I . d e e p s l a n o i t a t o r e h t n a h t e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t t n e i s n a r t e h t n o t c e f f e r e t a e r g a s a h e u q r o t g n i d a o l

r o t c a f n i a m e h t s i e u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t t a h t d e r e d i s n o c e

b tha taffectsthet ransientt emperaturerise.

e fi

L ExpectancyAnalyssi

d n a g n i u l g , r a e w , g n i tt i p , e r u t c a r f s a h c u s , s r a e g r e m y l o p f o s e d o m e r u li a f f o s d n i k y n a m e r a e r e h T

f o w a l t s r i f e h t g n i s u , n o i t a v r e s n o c y g r e n e f o e v i t c e p s r e p e h t m o r f , r e p a p s i h t n I . n o i t a m r o f e d c i t s a l p

/ S Y S N A f o s tl u s e r s i s y l a n a e h t d n a s c i m a n y d o m r e h

t L -S DYNA ,the time required for the gear s i s n o it i d n o c g n i k r o w s u o i r a v r e d n u e r u t a r e p m e t n o i t r o t s i d t a e h K E E P e h t h c a e r o t e c a f r u s h t o o t

d e t a l u c l a

c , which provides a theoretica l reference for the design and practica lapplication of .r

a e g r e m y l o p

t g n i d r o c c

A o thelaw of conservation of energy ,tha tis ,the firs tlaw of thermodynamics ,for a m

e t s y s d e s o l

c [8]_:

W Q U

d =δ −δ _{. ( 5)}

t T n Q=2π×₆₀× n δ

. ( 6)

2

2 1

v m

W=

δ

. ( 7)

m

T m c U

d = ∆ _{. ( 8)}

(

)

g

m T T T

T = − +

∆ _.

) 9 (

d n a n o i s e h d a , e g a k a e r b d n o b , g n i n e t f o s t a e h , n o i s e h d a s e v l o v n i s s e c o r p r a e w r a e g r e m y l o P

, e r u t a r e p m e t n o i t r o t s i d t a e h l a i r e t a m e h t s e h c a e r e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r e t n i t c a t n o c e h t n e h W . g n i d d e h s

r a e g e h t t a h t d e r e d i s n o c s i t

i is on the violen twear stage ,and the polymer gear is reaching the f o s i s y l a n a t n e m e l e e ti n i f f o s t l u s e r e h t h t i w d e n i b m o c , ) 6 ( a l u m r o f e h t h g u o r h T . e f i l l a c it e r o e h t

s t l u s e r e h t , s i s y l a n a n o i t c i d e r p e f i l r a e g r e m y l o

p areshowni nTable5.

5 e l b a

T .Undert hecondiitonsofgearl ifeprediciton. d

e e p s g n i t a t o R

h / e f i l

e u q r o t g n i d a o

L 1N·m 5N·m 10N·m 15N·m 20N·m 25N·m 30N·m n

i m / r 0

5 701.22 471.28 233.63 158.44 117.78 87.81 72.50 n

i m / r 0 5

2 475.07 93.85 46.52 32.79 22.76 18.05 14.23 n

i m / r 0 0

5 234.11 46.73 23.06 15.24 11.33 8.94 7.28 n

i m / r 0 0 0

1 113.79 22.56 11.23 7.42 5.49 4.35 3.59 n

i m / r 0 0 5

e r u g i

F 8.Differen tspeed,l oadt orqueundert hegearl ife.

e r u g i f e h t m o r f y lt c e r i d n e e s e b n a c t

I 8thatt heservicel ifeoft hepolymergeardecreaseswitht he h

g i h e h t t a h t s e t a c i d n i h c i h w , e u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t d n a d e e p s l a n o it a t o r e h t f o e s a e r c n

i -moleculargear

g n o l r o f e l b a t i u s s

i -termuseundert heconditionofl owspeedandl owt orque.

t s e

T Vailda iton

d o h t e m s i s y l a n a e v o b a e h t f o s s e n t c e r r o c e h t y f i r e v o t r e d r o n

I s ,thefriciton andwearperformance .

g i r t s e t r a e g e t i s o p m o c t n e g i ll e t n i e h t y b d e t s e t s a w r a e g l a t e c a e h t f

o Theintermediate transition s

s i m s n a r t r a e g e h t s a s e s a e r c e d e u l a v e u q r o

t ion speedincreases .Through thefriction andweartes t d e e p s l a n o it a t o r e h t d n a e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s r a e g e h t n e e w t e b p i h s n o i t a l e r e h t , r a e g l a t e c a e h t f o

g i F n i n w o h s s a , d e n i a t b o s i e u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t d n

a ure9 .Figure10showsthewearbehaviorofthe c

a eta lgeara tal oadt orqueof7.5N·mandaspeedof1000r/min.

e r u g i

F 9.Differen tspeedandl oadingt orqueundert he e

r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u

s . Figure10.Aceta lgearcyclet imesandwearbehavior.

m o r f n e e s e b n a c t

I Figure9thatt hesurfacetemperatureoft heaceta lgeari sgraduallyincreasing e h t f o t l u s e r e h t h ti w t n e t s i s n o c s i h c i h w , e u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t d n a d e e p s t s e t e h t f o e s a e r c n i e h t h t i w

. s i s y l a n

a When thefriction hea ttemperature reachesthe materia lhea tdistortion temperature ,the m

o r f n e e s e b n a c t I . e g a t s r a e w t n e l o i v e h t r e t n e o t n i g e b s r a e

g Figure 10 tha tunder the tes tof e

t n e r a e g l a t e c a e h t , n i m / r 0 0 0 1 f o d e e p s d n a m · N 5 . 7 f o e u q r o t g n i d a o

l rs the violen twear stage

0 1 × 2 . 1 s e h c a e r s e l c y c f o r e b m u n e h t n e h

w 6 _{,and the gear can be esitmated according to the}

: e r i u q e r e m it e h t f o n o it a l u c l a c A a l u m r o f g n i w o l l o f

t a n

N =60 (10)

, h 0 2 s i s n o it i d n o c t s e t e h t r e d n u e l c y c t i m i l e h t h c a e r o t d e r i u q e r e m it e h t , n o i t a l u c l a c e h t r e t f A

e h t f o y t il i b a i l e r e h t s m r i f n o c h c i h w , r e p a p s i h t f o n o it a l u c l a c l a c it e r o e h t e h t o t e s o l c y r e v s i h c i h w

a e g r e m y l o p e h t f o e f i l d e t c i d e r

p .r

0 5 10 15 20

0 0 5

0 0 1

0 5 1

n i m / r 0 0 5

n i m / r 0 0 0 1

n i m / r 0 0 5 1

n i m / r 0 0 5 2

℃/t

er

ut

ar

ep

me

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afr

u

S

m · N / T e u q r o T d a o L

0 .

0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1.0 1.2 1.4 0

. 0 5 . 0 0 . 1 5 . 1 0 . 2

m

m/r

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W

0 1 × s e l c y C 6

y r a m m u S

S L / S Y S N A m a r g o r p t n e m e l e e t i n i f e h T ) 1

( -DYNA is used to simulate the transien t friction h t o o t r a e g e h t f o n o i t u b i r t s i d e r u t a r e p m e t s u o e n a t n a t s n i e h t d n a , r a e g r e m y l o p e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t

e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t e h t t a h t d n u o f s i t I . d e n i a t b o s i e c a f r u

s is mainly concentrated on the gear tooth e

c a f r u

s . The analysis found tha tthe transien tfrictiona lhea tgenerated a tthe postiion of the g

n i g a g n

e -in and engaging-ou twaslargebecausethefrictiona lhea tflux a tthesetwo locationswas e

h t n a h t r e g r a l h c u

m frictiona lhea tflowgenerateda totherl ocations.

r e h t r u f o t s n o i ti d n o c g n i k r o w t n e r e f f i d r e d n u r a e g r e m y l o p e h t f o g n i h s e m e h t e t a l u m i S ) 2 (

. t a e h l a n o i t c i r f t n e i s n a r t e h t n o e u q r o t g n i d a o l e h t d n a d e e p s l a n o it a t o r e h t f o e c n e u l f n i e h t e z y l a n a

a l u c l a c y

B ting and comparing ,i tis found tha ttheincreasein rotationa lspeed and loading torque e h t d e y a l p s i d t a h t g i f e h t m o r F . t a e h l a n o i t c i r f t n e i s n a r t e h t f o e r u t a r e p m e t e h t f o e s i r e h t o t d a e l

r e r u t a r e p m e t t n e i s n a r t e h t n o e u q r o t d a o l d n a d e e p s f o e c n e u l f n

i ise ,wecan see tha tcompared to .

s u o i v b o e r o m s i e s i r e r u t a r e p m e t t n e i s n a r t e h t n o e u q r o t d a o l f o e c n e u l f n i e h t , d e e p s e h t

r o f d e r i u q e r e m it e h t , s t l u s e r s i s y l a n a t n e m e l e e t i n i f e h t d n a n o it a v r e s n o c y g r e n e o t g n i d r o c c A ) 3 (

h c a e r o t e c a f r u s h t o o t r a e g e h

t thePEEK hea tdistortion temperatureiscalculated ,and theservice y b d e i f i r e v s i s i s y l a n a l a c i t e r o e h t f o s s e n t c e r r o c e h t , y ll a n i F . d e t a m i t s e s i r a e g r e m y l o p e h t f o e f i l

p a l a c i t c a r p d n a n g i s e d e h t r o f e c n e r e f e r l a c i t e r o e h t e d i v o r p h c i h w , s t n e m i r e p x e l a e

r pilcation of

.r a e g r e m y l o p

t n e m e g d e l w o n k c

A s

e h t r o f a n i h C . R . P f o n o i t a d n u o F e c n e i c S l a r u t a N l a n o it a N e h t k n a h t o t e k i l d l u o w s r o h t u a e h T

r o f a n i h C . R . P f o e c n i v o r P g n o d n a h S f o n o i t a d n u o F e c n e i c S d n a ) 8 0 2 5 7 2 1 5 : D I ( t r o p p u s l a i c n a n i f

( t r o p p u s l a i c n a n i f e h

t ID :2016GGX10202).

e c n e r e f e R

] 1

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[ EricLetzelter, MichèleGuingand,Jean-Pierre de A new experimenta lapproach formeasuring n

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[ C.J .Hooke ,K .Mao ,D .Watlon ,A .Breeds,S .Kukureka ,Measuremen tand prediction of the s r a e g r e m y l o p n i e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s e h t f o n o i t c i d e r p d n a s r a e g r e m y l o p n i e r u t a r e p m e t e c a f r u s

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