13 - The Water Cycle - PowerPoint

(1)

THE

(2)

CONCEPTS COVERED IN THIS LESSON:

1) The Importance of Water

• _{Earth’s water distribution} • _{Water within living things}

2) The Water Cycle

• _{Components: water vapor, icebergs, glaciers, aquifers} • _{Processes: evaporation, freezing, melting, sublimation,}

deposition, condensation, precipitation, percolation, run-off, transpiration

3) Human Impact on the Water Cycle • _{Global warming}

(3)

•

They make more than ___% of the Earth’s ______ gas

•

______ of the Earth’s surface is covered in _____.

•

Earth’s aquatic ecosystems contain _____biomass (living mass) than its terrestrial ecosystems.

Phytoplankton!

•

Phytoplankton are microscopic _________ which are found in huge numbers in the oceans.

2/3rds

water

more

Why?

50 oxygen

marine

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

producers

(4)

•

___% is salt water

•

___% is fresh water

•

___% of fresh water is easily available for use as ground water and surface water.

(Most is frozen so it is

________ unless it _____.)

97 3

unusable <1

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

EARTH'S WATER

DISTRIBUTION

(5)

potato

potato tomatotomato human

human

___66 % ___80 % ___95 %

THE IMPORTANCE OF WATER

WATER WITHIN

LIVING THINGS

•

The majority of living things are made up mostly of _____.

•

The water is necessary to help organisms ________ substances within themselves and between themselves and the outside environment.

(6)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

sea, ocean glacier,

iceberg

land

lake, river aquifer

plants clouds

sun

What is water vapor?

Label the components of your diagram.

(7)

•

Water vapor is water in its ___ state.

•

Water vapor is water in its ___gas state.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

WATER VAPOR

•

In this state, water can travel through the

__________.

(8)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

What is a glacier?

(9)

•

A glacier is a large _________ body of ice on ____

•

A glacier is a large _________ body of ice on ____

that forms when the forces that _____ it (like melting) do not exceed the forces that _____ it (like

precipitation)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

GLACIERS

persistent land

erode create

Moreno Glacier in Argentina

(10)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

GLACIERS

•

However, many of our glaciers and icecaps have undergone a drastic ________ over the last few decades due to

_____________.

•

However, many of our glaciers and icecaps have undergone a drastic ________ over the last few decades due to

_____________.

Muir Glacier in Alaska Muir Glacier in Alaska reduction

(11)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

ICEBERGS

•

An iceberg is a large piece of ____________ ice.

•

An iceberg is a large piece of ____________ ice.

•

Often they break off from the main part of a

______glacier

freely floating

melts

Where is the rest of the iceberg?

(12)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

ICEBERGS

That is a long way to

jump…

…but wait, it could

have been worse.

Most of an

iceberg is

below

(13)

•

When it gets colder the water between the

icebergs _____

•

When it gets colder the water between the

icebergs _____

creating

___________.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

ICEBERGS

FUN!

(14)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

What is an aquifer?

(15)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

AQUIFER

•

An aquifer is a large underground _______

(storage area) for ____ water.

•

An aquifer is a large underground _______

(storage area) for ____ water.

reservoir fresh

(16)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

AQUIFER

Aquifers can be accessed

by making

wells.

Aquifers can be accessed by making water

(17)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

Now we will examine the processes that TRANSPORT water from one component to the next around the water cycle.

Draw in the arrows, and

label and define the processes of the water

cycle in your chart.

(18)

•

Evaporation occurs when water goes from a _____ to a ___ state

•

Evaporation occurs when water goes from a to _____ to a ___ state

form __________.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

EVAPORATION

(19)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

evaporation

melting

(20)

•

Melting converts water from the

____ state to the _____ state.

•

Melting converts water from the

____ state to the _____ state.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

MELTING and

FREEZING

liquid solid

•

Freezing converts water from the

_____ state to the ____ state.

•

Freezing converts water from the

_____ state to the ____ state.

solid liquid

(21)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

depositi on sublima

(22)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

SUBLIMATION

and DEPOSITION

Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense?

What is

strange about

this picture?

First the

liquid

water in the clothes

freezes into a

solid

, then...

…the

solid

water converts directly

to a

gas

and goes into the air.

•

Sublimation converts water from the ____ state to the ___ state.

•

solid gas

Besides through melting,

sublimation

is another(but more minor) way that

(23)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

SUBLIMATION

and DEPOSITION

Does hanging wet laundry outside in the winter make sense?

Is there a process

that reverses this?

•

solid gas

Of Course!

•

Deposition converts water from the ___ state to the ____ state.

(24)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

tion

(25)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

CONDENSATION

•

Condensation converts water in its ___ state (water vapor) into its _____ state.

Why can you see your breath in the winter time but not in the summer time?

•

This usually occurs when the vapor is in contact with ____ air

liquid

gas

cold

causing the vapor to ______ into ______

liquid droplets.

gather visible

(26)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

tion

condensation

(27)

•

Transpiration is the ______ of water vapor from the surface of

_____.

release

plants

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

TRANSPIRATION

Why is there water

vapor on the inside

of this bag?

The water

transpired

from the

leaves,

_{then it}

_condensed

_on

(28)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

TRANSPIRATION

What is creating

the clouds?

How would the

loss of trees

affect the

water cycle in this cloud forest?

The

transpired

water vapor from the trees

creates

clouds

in this cloud forest.

(29)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg

land

clouds sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

tion

condensation

precipitation

(30)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

PRECIPITATION

rain

sleet

snow

Guess these types of precipitation.

hail

(31)

which is _____ enough to fall to the Earth.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

PRECIPITATION

sleet

snow

hail

Big Hail!

•

Precipitation occurs when small water _______ in a

cloud ______ together to form rain, snow, sleet or hail

heavy gather

(32)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg land

clouds sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

tion

condensation

precipitation

transpir_ationplants

(33)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

PERCOLATION

•

Percolation in the water cycle occurs when water is being

________________ by gravity

through the layers of ___.

How would deforestation affect percolation?

•

Hot water is pulled through the coffee grinds due to gravity.

pulled downwards

soil

Without plant roots to suck up and hold onto the water,

(This will lead to the removal of nutrients from the upper soil layers which makes it difficult for plants to regrow.)

(34)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor

iceberg land

clouds sun

evaporation

melting

freezing

tion

condensation

precipitation

percolation

(35)

and so it

_________ on the surface or drains into waterways.

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

RUN-OFF

•

Run-off occurs when _____ rain water or melt water cannot be absorbed by the soil,

What are the negative effects of run-off?

excess

overflows

Soil erosion.

Water contamination with industrial or agricultural pollutants.

Water contamination

with industrial or agricultural pollutants.

(36)

THE WATER CYCLE DIAGRAM

water vapor sea, ocean glacier, iceberg land lake, river aquifer clouds sun evaporation melting freezing depositi on sublima tion condensation precipitation

percolation

run-off

The Magic School Bus

(37)

which has drastic

____________ for our

ecosystems and ourselves.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

•

Water and the water cycle is of vital importance to __

living things on the Earth.

•

Certain ______ activities

threaten to ______ this cycle

all

human

disrupt

consequences

•

Let us examine the effects of the following on the water cycle:

(38)

due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by

_______________ released by human activities.

More melting then feeds back into the cycle to create ____

global warming.

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

_WARMING

GLOBAL

•

GLOBAL WARMING is the _______ of the Earth’s temperature

greenhouse gases

increase

heat

•

This has several effects:

2007

1979-1981 and lighter colored

materials like, ice and snow,

_____ heat.

With less ice and snow, this creates _________ areas on the surface of the planet.

Darkly colored materials, like ocean water and land, ______

heat 1)

reflect

absorb more dark

It Melts Glaciers and Icecaps

(39)

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

_WARMING

GLOBAL

•

increase

heat

2007

1979-1981

Arctic Icecap Polar Bears in Danger

There are other

effects as well…

(40)

and the ____ content of the water.

which is influenced by both the ___________

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

_WARMING

GLOBAL

•

increase

heat

2) It Effects the Thermohaline

Circulation (THC) of the Oceans

thermo = temperature haline = salt

The THC is a major part of what causes ocean

_______ (massive

movements of water) to occur.

The THC is driven by the

______ of the sea water

salt

temperature density

(41)

and hence the ______ , of the ocean water.

this affects the ___ content, due to the trapping of ____ in the atmosphere by

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

_WARMING

GLOBAL

•

increase

heat

As more ____ water is

added to the oceans due to the melting ice caps,

salt fresh

density

Without the correct

density, the ocean water will not be able to _______

properly, affecting all life on the planet.

circulate

2) It Effects the Thermohaline

Circulation (THC) of the Oceans

thermo = temperature haline = salt

(42)

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

DEFORESTATION

•

DEFORESTATION is the removal of a large number of ____ from an area.

trees

This soil ends up in waterways leading to the

____________ of these areas.

Without trees

___________ decreases , which decreases the amount of water vapor, decreasing

cloud formation causing less ___________.

In wetter climates this can lead to

__________.

Without __________

to ______ the soil, rain can easily wash the soil away.

In drier climates this can lead to

____________.

Without __________, less water is held in the topsoil and it becomes

___ and __________.

(43)

HUMAN IMPACT ON THE CYCLE

CLIMATE CHANGE

•

CLIMATE CHANGE is the change of previously stable global

patterns of weather.

•

Excessive precipitation creates ______.

•

Lack of precipitation creates ________droughts .

floods

Record Drought in Horn of Africa - 2011 Flooding in Sri Lanka - 2011

This can affect the water cycle by affecting the amount of

(44)

(45)

Created by Anh-Thi Tang – Tangstar Science

This document is for personal classroom use only. This entire document, or any parts within, may not be