40440455-GMDSS-Gantioler-2009-10

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Maritime Radio Operator

Thomas Gantioler

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Author

fig. 1: Gantioler Thomas Gantioler Innsbruckerstrasse 13 6071 Aldrans Austria mobile: +43-676-9463908 [email protected] www.gantioler.at Maritime radio

instructor and examiner.

I can not accept any resposibility for any errors or omissions or for any consequences resulting therefrom for following contents.

title: GMDSS Martime Radio Operator

photo: Ploder; esturay Zrmanja - Novigradsko More, Croatia revision: October 2009

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Part I

Restricted Certificate

1 Maritime Radio Operator

1.1 Restricted Operator Certificate ROC

Required for commercial use on

passenger ships, cargo vessels >300GRT and some vessels over 24m.

fig. 2: ROC

This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on the Very High Frequency VHF chan-nels of the maritime mobile band including Digital Se-lective Calling DSC on a compulsory GMDSS fitted SO-LAS vessel which sail in sea area A1.

At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime ra-dio stations on board compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine officers.

1.2 Short Range Certificate SRC

Required for pleasure or fishing use on small crafts.

fig. 3: SRC

This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on the VHF channels of the Maritime Mobile Band including Digital Selective Calling DSC on board voluntary GMDSS fitted non-SOLAS vessels.

At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself.

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1.3 Syllabus for SRC and ROC

European Conference of Postal and Telecommunications Administra-tions CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators in sea area A1 (VHF) for using GMDSS voluntary (SRC) and using GMDSS

compulsory (ROC). www.cept.dk

www.ero.dk

1. Maritime Mobile VHF Radio Telephone RT communications (a) General principles and basic features

2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment (a) VHF radio installation

(b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC 3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS

(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures

(b) Distress, urgency and safety communication (c) Protection of distress frequencies

(d) Maritime Safety Information MSI (e) Alerting and Locating Signals

(f) Communication with non-SOLAS ships ROC 4. Operational procedures and regulations

(a) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS (b) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices

(c) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures (d) English language written and spoken ROC

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1.4 Radio operator certificate

Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a certificate issued or recognised by the government to which the sta-tion is subject.

The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster. National radio operator licensing administrations:

• Austria: by law (FZG, FZV, FZGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at

SRC = UKW Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II ROC = UKW Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I

Radiotelephone Operator for Inland Waterways included. Fernmeldebeh¨orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at

• Germany

SRC = Beschr¨ankt g¨ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis

Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org

Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de

ROC= Beschränkt gültiges Betriebszeugnis für Funker BBZ Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de

• Switzerland SRC =

Beschränkt gültiges Betriebszeugnis für die Sportschiffahrt Radiotelephone Operator for Inland Waterways included. Maritime Mobile Satellit Service for INMARSAT C included. Schweizer Bundesamt für Kommunikation www.bakom.ch

• United Kingdom

SRC = Short Range Certificate

Royal Yachting Association RYA www.rya.co.uk

ROC = Restricted Operator Certificate

Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges

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1.5 Standards for Training, Certification and Watchkeeping of Seafarers STCW

The STCW Convention defines international basic requirements on training, certification and watchkeeping for seafarers on commercial

vessels. www.imo.org

1. Medical Certificate

Austria: Seeschiffahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at

United Kingdom: MSN 1765 www.mcga.gov.uk

2. STCW 95 Basic Safety (a) Elementary First Aid

(b) Personal Survival Techniques (c) Fire Prevention and Fire Fighting

(d) Personal Safety and Social Responsibilities

ROC (and GOC) must be endorsed by the national maritime agency. • Austria:

Oberste Schifffahrtsbeh¨orde OSB www.bmvit.gv.at

• Germany:

Bundesamt f¨ur Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de

• United Kingdom:

Maritime and Coastguard Agency www.mcga.gov.uk

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2 Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

GMDSS

2.1 Regulations and Rules

GMDSS is a combination of regulations and rules for shipping and radio communication.

2.1.1 Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS

The SOLAS Convention is concerning the safety of merchant ships. It was adopted in 1920, in response to the Titanic disaster 1914. In 1988 Chapter IV radiocommunication of the Safety Of Life At Sea SOLAS convention incorporates GMDSS. SOLAS was adopted 1960 by the International Maritime Organisation IMO. www.imo.org

The IMO is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based

in London. www.un.org

2.1.2 Radio Regulations RR

The Radio Regulations RR mainly setting out frequency bands and technical parameters. Radio Regulations incorporating decisions of the World Radiocommunication Conferences WRC by the Interna-tional Telecommunication Organisation ITU. www.itu.int

ITU is a specialized agency of the United Nations UN and based in

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2.2 Sea areas A1-A4

fig. 4: UK GMDSS sea areas

2.2.1 A1 - Very High Frequency VHF

An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one VHF coast station in which continous DSC alerting is available, as may by defined by a contracting government. ∼30nm from coast 2.2.2 A2 - Medium Frequency MF

An area within radiotelephone coverage of at least one MF coast station in which continous DSC alerting is available, as may by defined by a contracting government (excluding A1). ∼150nm from coast 2.2.3 A3 - International Maritime Satellite INMARSAT An area within the coverage of all INMARSAT geostationary satellites, in which continous distress alerting is available (excluding A1 and A2). ∼70◦S-70◦N

2.2.4 A4 - polar regions

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2.3 Shorebased system

2.3.1 Master Plan

The Master Plan contains status of shore-based facilies for the GMDSS. Resue Co-ordination Centres RCC

Coast Stations CS Satellite services

GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org

ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS www.ukho.gov.uk

2.3.2 Search And Rescue SAR

The Search And Rescue Convention SAR from IMO aimed an inter-national SAR plan, so that, no matter where an accident occurs, the rescue of persons in distress at sea will be co-ordinated by a SAR

organization. www.imo.org

National SAR organisations: • Germany:

Deutsche Gesellschaft zur Rettung Schiffbr¨uchiger DGzRS

www.dgzrs.de

Bremen Rescue www.mrcc-bremen.de

• Switzerland:

Swiss Maritime Navigation Office, RCC Z¨urich

Swiss Air Rescue www.rega.ch

• United Kingdom:

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2.4 Shipbord system

2.4.1 Radio equipment for SOLAS vessels

SOLAS vessels on international voyages are compulsory fitted. Mandatory equipment is defined by navigation area.

It must be approved by IMO and carry a wheelmark symbol. area certificate equipment

A1 ROC/GOC VHF RT DSC

VHF DSC watch receiver VHF handheld device NAVTEX receiver EPIRB float free SART

A2 GOC MF RT DSC

MF DSC watch receiver

A3 GOC either INMARSAT MES + EGC receiver or MF/HF RT DSC + watch receiver A4 GOC MF/HF RT DSC

MF/HF DSC + watch receiver MF/HF telex

On compulsory fitted vessels the availability of equipment must be guaranted. This can be done by 3 different methods listed. Ships sailing in Sea Area A1 or A2 can choose one of these 3 methods, while sailing in A3 or A4 they have to choose 2 of these 3 methods.

1. DOE Duplication Of Equipment • A1 and A2: VHF RT DSC

• A3 and A4: MF/HF RT DSC or INMARSAT MES 2. SBM Shore Based Maintenance (contract, arrangment) 3. ASM At Sea Maintenance (qualified personal)

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2.4.2 Radio equipment for non-SOLAS vessels

Ships not sailing under provisions of SOLAS are voluntary GMDSS fitted and called non-SOLAS vessels. GMDSS equipment may rec-ommended by natinonal organisation or required by national law. It must comply with the regulations of the European Union EU and carry a Conform European CE Symbol. eur-lex.europa.eu

Austria: by law (JachtZulVO) www.ris.bka.gv.at

area certificate equipment

all radio receiver

inshore >3nm SRC VHF RT ocean >200nm EPIRB

Germany: recommended (Sicherheitsrichtlinien) www.dsv.de

all radio or NAVTEX receiver inshore SRC VHF RT

ocean EPIRB

Switzerland: recommended www.eda.admin.ch

all SSB radio receiver

ocean EPIRB

United Kingdom: recommended www.mcga.gov.uk

all SRC VHF handheld

inshore >3nm SRC VHF RT DSC offshore >20nm NAVTEX receiver offshore >60nm EPIRB, SART offshore >60nm LRC MF RT DSC ocean >150nm LRC INMARSAT

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2.4.3 Radio equipment tests

Required by SOLAS vessels, recommended by non-SOLAS vessels. Daily

DSC internal (self test)

batteries (damage, voltage test, load test, charge) printer (function, paper)

Weekly

VHF handheld (batteries, damages, RX, TX)

MF/HF DSC test call (to coast station) LRC/GOC generator (function)

Monthly

EPIRB internal (batteries, damages, selftest) SART (batteries, damages, selftest)

antenna (damages, cleaning, insulators) Yearly

EPIRB transmission test (company ashore) 2.4.4 Radio watch

Continuous digital radio watchkeeping is required by SOLAS vessels and recommended by non-SOLAS vessels while at sea.

MF NAVTEX receiver on 518kHz VHF DSC watch receiver on ch70

MF/HF DSC scan watch receiver LRC/GOC INMARSAT SafetyNET EGC receiver LRC/GOC Every ship, while at sea, shall continue to maintain, when practicable, countinuous watch.

VHF RT listening on ch16

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2.4.5 Ship radio licence

Ship radio stations have to be licensed and are costumable. License is issued by the authority of state and must be carried on board.

Ships name and registration number Radio Telephone RT identification: callsign

Digital Selective Calling DSC identification: MMSI INMARSAT identification: IMN LRC/GOC Telex identification: selcal GOC Accounting Authority: AAIC

List of radio equipment (manufacturer & type) National radio licensing administrations:

• Austria: by law (TKG, TKGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at

Fernmeldebeh¨orde I. Instanz FMB www.bmvit.gv.at

Licencing fee 49,05 EUR, using fee 10,90 EUR/month validation: 10 years

• Germany:

Bundesnetzagentur BNetzA www.bundesnetzagentur.de

Licencing fee 130,- EUR, using fee 21,10 EUR/year validation: life of vessel

• Switzerland:

Bundesamt f¨ur Kommunikation www.bakom.ch

Licencing fee 50,- SFR, using fee 10,- SFR/month validation: 1 year

• United Kingdom:

Office for Comminication www.ofcom.org.uk

Licencing fee 20,- GBP, using fee 20,- GBP/year validation: life of vessel

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2.4.6 Radio log book

For SOLAS vessels a GMDSS radio log book with the following min-imum entries is required:

Summary of distress/urgency/safety traffic

Important incidents connected to the radio service Appropriate ships position every day

Master must sign every day Equipment tests

National radio log book forms:

• Austria: Seeschifffahrtsverordnung www.ris.bka.gv.at

• United Kingdom: Martime Safety Agency www.mcga.gov.uk

date/time station station communications frequency UTC to from summary, tests, remarks channel, satellite

2.4.7 Documents

The following documents must be carried on bord: Ships radio licence

Radio operator certificates

compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels in addition: Radio log book

ITU List of Coast Stations or ALRS Volume 1 ITU List of Ship Stations

ITU List of Callsigns and Numerical Identities ITU Manual for use by Maritime Mobile Services

ALRS www.ukho.gov.uk

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2.4.8 Radio secrecy

No person shall divulge or publish the contents of any messages trans-mitted or received by such station, or to another station employed to forward such message to its destination, unless legally required so to do by the court of competent jurisdiction or other competent author-ity. Radio operators have to declare this.

2.4.9 Accounting Authority Identification Code AAIC

Accounting authorities are used to facilitate the effective collection and distribution of radiocommunication charges between ship and coast stations and the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN and Packet Switched Data Network PSDN.

Ship stations need a contract with AAIC for public correspondations. AAIC: 2 letters (country) + 2 numbers (company):

Examples:

AU01 Telekom Austria AG www.telekom.at

DP07 Seefunk www.dp07.de

GB11 NSSL Limited www.satcom-solutions.com

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3 VHF Maritime Mobile Radio

3.1 VHF Radio Telephone RT

fig. 5: Simrad RD68

For calling each station needs a name, nor-mally it would be the ships name. As the ships name is not unique a radio call sign is allocated.

Transceiver is a combination of transmitter and receiver. 3.1.1 Receiver RX

• Power on/off: switch or combined with volume control • Volume control VC: loudspeaker

• Squelch SQ: noise limiter, receive signal limiter • Dimmer: display brightness

• Channel: select TX/RX frequency

– Distress channel 16: select distress channel and 25W TX – Working channel: 01-28, 60-88, national channels – Dual Watch DW: alternating present channel and ch16 3.1.2 Transmitter TX

• Transmission Power

– Low / 1W: range about 4nm – High / 25W: range up to 100nm • Push To Talk PTT: activate transmitter 3.1.3 VHF handheld device

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3.2 VHF Digital Selective Calling DSC

3.2.1 Maritime Mobile Service Identification MMSI For selective calling each station needs a unique 9-digit MMSI, including the 3-digit country code MID.

ship station MMSI = MIDxxxxxx group of stations MMSI = 0MIDxxxxx coast station MMSI = 00MIDxxxx 3.2.2 Type of calls

Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range: • distress

– alert (acknowledge) all stations – relay all (acknowledge) all stations – relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI • urgency & safety

– all ships all stations

– individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI • routine

– group group MMSI

– individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI 3.2.3 VHF DSC controller

class A all facilities for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels class B full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels class D minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels Watch receiver continuous digital watch on VHF DSC ch70

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3.3 VHF Maritime Mobile Band

3.3.1 VHF wave propagation

Electromagnetic waves in the maritime VHF Band 156-174MHz are propagating in the line of sight. These are called space waves. Due to the earth’s curvature the range will depend on the height of the transmitting an receiving antenna. d[nm] ≈ 2p

h[m]

radio contact antenna height appr. distance

2 handheld 1m/1m 4nm

2 motor yachts 4m/4m 8nm

2 sailing yachts 16m/16m 16nm motor yacht - coast 4m/100m 24nm sailing yacht - coast 16m/100m 28nm 3.3.2 VHF antenna

Vessels are using VHF omni-directional rod antennas.

Frequency band (∼150MHz) is selected by antenna length (∼1m). 3.3.3 Simplex ship-ship and ship-shore

A single frequency is used for TX and RX. While pushing the transmit button PTT the radio changes from receive RX to transmit TX. 3.3.4 Duplex and semiduplex ship-shore

Two separate frequencies for TX and RX are used for duplex operation for simultaneously receiving and transmission.

Semiduplex: alternating RX and TX on Duplex channels. 3.3.5 VHF class of emission

Modulation is superimposing low Audio Frequency AF (voice) onto a High Frequency HF carrier. PM Phase Modulation is used in VHF maritime radio (G3E used for RT and G2B for DSC).

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3.3.6 International VHF channels 01-28 ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim primary usage

[MHz] [MHz] Dup 01 156,050 160,650 D 02 156,100 160,700 D 03 156,150 160,750 D 04 156,200 160,800 D 05 156,250 160,850 D 06 156,300 156,300 S SAR, intership 07 156,350 160,950 D 08 156,400 156,400 S intership 09 156,450 156,450 S 10 156,500 156,500 S 11 156,550 156,550 S 12 156,600 156,600 S

13 156,650 156,650 S intership for safety of navigation 14 156,700 156,700 S

15 156,750 156,750 S on board

16 156,800 156,800 S distress, urgency, safety, calling 17 156,850 156,850 S on board 18 156,900 161,500 D 19 156,950 161,550 D 20 157,000 161,600 D 21 157,050 161,650 D 22 157,100 161,700 D 23 157,150 161,750 D 24 157,200 161,800 D 25 157,250 161,850 D 26 157,300 161,900 D 27 157,350 161,950 D 28 157,400 162,000 D

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3.3.7 International VHF channels 60-88

ch Ship TX Ship RX Sim primary usage [MHz] [MHz] Dup 60 156,025 160,625 D 61 156,075 160,675 D 62 156,125 160,725 D 63 156,175 160,775 D 64 156,225 160,825 D 65 156,275 160,875 D 66 156,325 160,925 D 67 156,375 156,375 S 68 156,425 156,425 S 69 156,475 156,475 S 70 156,525 156,525 S DSC 71 156,575 156,575 S 72 156,625 156,625 S intership 73 156,675 156,675 S 74 156,725 156,725 S 75 156,775 156,775 S 1W, safety of navigation 76 156,825 156,825 S 1W, safety of navigation 77 156,875 156,875 S intership 78 156,925 161,525 D 79 156,975 161,575 D 80 157,025 161,625 D 81 157,075 161,675 D 82 157,125 161,725 D 83 157,175 161,775 D 84 157,225 161,825 D 85 157,275 161,875 D 86 157,325 161,925 D 87 157,375 157,375 S 88 157,425 157,425 S

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3.3.8 International VHF channel usage

DSC alerting / calling (distress, urgency, safety and routine) ch 70 RT distress, urgency, safety, calling ch 16

RT Search And Rescue ch 06

RT on board (bridge to handheld, tender, tow, ...) ch 15, 17 RT primary intership working ch 06, 08, 72, 77 RT secondary intership working ch 09, 10, 15, 17, 67, 69, 73 RT intership for safety of navigation ch 13

Communications between ships whose purpose contributes to the safe of movement of ships. Bridge-to-bridge com-munication on ch13 is used without preceding a DSC call. AIS Automatic Identification System ch AIS1/2

Ships information as position, course, speed, MMSI, ... is transmitted periodically for safety of navigation. 3.3.9 National private VHF channel usage

nation ch usage

Belgium 96 Marina

Croatia 17 Marina

Germany 69, 72 pleasure crafts Netherlands 31 Marina Scandinavia F1, F2, F3 fishing vessels

L1, L2, L3 pleasure crafts

United Kingdom M, M2 club safety, race control 67 Her Majesty Coast Guard

for small craft safety

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3.4 RT communication

3.4.1 Phonetic Alphabet

A Alpha AL FAH

B Bravo BRAH VOH

C Charlie CHAR LEE

D Delta DELL TAH

E Echo ECK OH

F Foxtrot FOKS TROT

G Golf GOLF

H Hotel HOH TELL

I India IN DEE AH J Juliett JEW LEE ETT

K Kilo KEY LOH

L Lima LEE MAH

M Mike MIKE

N November NO VEM BER

O Oscar OSS CAH

P Papa PAH PAH

Q Quebec KEH BECK

R Romeo ROW ME OH

S Sierra SEE AIR RAH

T Tango TANG GO

U Uniform YOU NEE FORM V Victor VIK TAH

W Whiskey WISS KEY

X X-ray ECKS RAY

Y Yankee YANG KEY

Z Zulu ZOO LOO

Decimal point Decimal DAY-SEE-MAL Full stop Stop STOP

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3.4.2 Standard Marine Communication Phrases SMCP CORRECT an error has been made

IN FIGURES numbers are written in figures IN LETTERS numbers are written in letters SPELL spelling the next word phonetically MAYDAY RT distress signal (french: m’aider) OUT termination of working, no reply expected OVER expect reply

RADIO CHECK reuqest strenght an clarity of transmission READ BACK receiving station read back information RECEIVED acknowledge receipt of transmission PAN PAN RT urgency signal (french: panne) SAY AGAIN repeat part or all of message

ALL AFTER, ALL BEFORE WORD AFTER, WORD BEFORE SECURITE RT safety signal (french: se´curite´) SILENCE MAYDAY french: SEELONCE MAYDAY SILENCE FINI french: SEELONCE FEENEE

STATION CALLING unsure of the identity of calling station TRAFFIC radio traffic

THIS IS identification of station calling follows IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.imo.org

BSH IMO-Standard Marine Communication Phrases www.bsh.de

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3.4.3 Maritime radio stations

ALRS Volume 1 Coast Stations www.ukho.gov.uk

ALRS Volume 6 Pilot, Vessel Traffic Service, Port Operations ITU List of Coast Stations www.itu.int

ITU List of Ship Stations

ITU List of Call Signs and Numerical Identities

ITU Maritime Mobile Access and Retrieval System MARS

Coast Station CS example

Name: place of station + RADIO SPLIT RADIO

Call Sign: 3 characters 9AS

MMSI: 00 + MID + 4 digits 002380100 Pilot Services, Vessel Traffic Services VTS and Port Operations

place + function

Port PULA PORT

Bridge MALI LOSINJ BRIDGE

Pilot KOPER PILOT

Marina OBAN MARINA

Radar MILFORD RADAR

Lock KILRUSH LOCK

Traffic control TARIFA TRAFFIC Ship Station SS

Name: name of vessel MOUSE

Call Sign: 4 or more characters OEDF MMSI: MID + 6 digits 203984534 Survival Craft

Name of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) MOUSE 20 Call Sign of parent vessel + 2 digits (20-99) OEDF 20 On board

Master (fixed): + CONTROL MOUSE CONTROL Sub (handheld): + 1 character MOUSE A

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3.5 Distress - MAYDAY

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 3.5.1 DSC distress alert on VHF ch70

Alert includes ships MMSI, position, nature and working ch16 Undefined distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s

Defined distress alert enter menu

a) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry) b) select nature of distress from list: undefined/undesignated,

fire/explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing/capsizing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon, piracy/armed robbery, man/person over board c) push DISTRESS button >5s

Received by DSC ship and coast stations in radio range ≈30nm Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC <3min If not, automatic reptition of DSC distress alert ≈4min 3.5.2 RT distress call and message on VHF ch16

call: 3xMAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY this is this is

3xname+callsign+MMSI SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 message: MAYDAY MAYDAY

name+callsign+MMSI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 position position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W nature of distress abandon ship to liferaft

kind of assistance immediate assistance required additional information 4 adults with life jackets

OVER OVER

Await RT distress acknowledge from CS/RCC.

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3.6 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY

There is a distress situation if you observe orange smoke, red parachute flares, raising an lowering arms, flying a ball over/under square shape. Or if you receive DSC distress alert, RT MAYDAY, SART, EPIRB.

• Set continuous watch on VHF ch16

• Await acknowledge or response from CS/RCC

call: MAYDAY MAYDAY

3x station called SILVI SILVI SILVI this is this is

3x calling station 3x RIJEKA RADIO message: RECEIVED MAYDAY RECEIVED MAYDAY • If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means

3.6.1 DSC distress relay call on VHF ch70

a) select individual call priority distress relay (only some DSC) b) enter or select MMSI of CS/RCC

c) select working channel 16

d) enter distressed MMSI, POS, nature (only some DSC) e) push appropriate button to transmit

Await DSC distress relay acknowledge from CS/RCC

If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 3.6.2 RT distress relay call and message on VHF ch16

call: MAYDAY RELAY MAYDAY RELAY station called RIJEKA RADIO

this is this is

calling station SEAGULL DG9156 211645735 message: received / observed

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3.6.3 RT distress relay acknowlege message If you receive the following from CS/RCC:

• NAVTEX distress relay message • DSC distress relay call/alert • RT distress relay call and message

call: 3x MAYDAY RELAY 3x MAYDAY RELAY this is this is

3x calling station 3x RIJEKA RADIO message: MAYDAY MAYDAY

ship in distress Silvi OEX6437 203783420 position position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W nature of distress abandon ship to liferaft

kind of assistance immediate assistance required additional information 4 adults with life jackets

OVER OVER

Take the following actions, if you are able to assist:

• Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 >5min • Transmit RT distress acknowledge to CS/RCC

call: MAYDAY MAYDAY

3x station called 3x RIJEKA RADIO this is this is

3x calling station Seagull Seagull Seagull message:

RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY RECEIVED MAYDAY RELAY position position 43◦49.9’N 013◦27.1’W distance to the incidant 15nm from incident

maximum speed speed 10kn Estimated Time of Arrival ETA 1.5h

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3.7 Distress cancellation

Distress has to be canceled after transmission of a false distress alert or distress situation no longer required.

3.7.1 DSC distress cancellation on VHF ch70 a) push CANCEL button to stop transmission b) select distress cancellation call (only some DSC)

self acknowledge

c) push appropriate button to transmit

3.7.2 RT distress cancellation on VHF ch16

Follow up with RT distress cancellation call and message: call: 3xall stations all stations all stations all stations

this is this is

3xname+callsign+MMSI SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 message: position position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W

cancel my distress alert please cancel my distress alert of date and time of 0837 UTC today

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3.8 Distress silence

Whilst a distress situation is in force,

radio silence is required on distress channel used. No radio traffic allowed, except distress.

3.8.1 Radio silence

Controlling stations may impose silence

on stations which interfere with distress or SAR traffic. to all:

all stations all stations

SILENCE MAYDAY SEELONCE MAYDAY to one:

name MOUSE

SILENCE MAYDAY SEELONCE MAYDAY 3.8.2 Normal working

When distress traffic has ceased,

the control station indicates that normal working can be resumed. MAYDAY MAYDAY

3xall stations all stations all stations all stations this is this is

3xname 3x RIJEKA RADIO time of handling in 1541 UTC

name callsign MMSI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 SILENCE FINI SEELONCE FEENEE

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3.9 Urgency - PAN PAN

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. • Medical assistance, advice www.medico-cuxhaven.de

Radio Medical Advice RMA

Tele Medical Advice System TMAS • Maritime assistance (tug, towing, ...) • Search And Rescue SAR information

Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 3.9.1 DSC urgency call on VHF ch70

Call includes ships MMSI, stations called, working channel a) select urgency call

b) select all stations, group or individual (only some DSC) c) on individual or group call enter or select MMSI

d) select working channel 16 (only some DSC) e) push appropriate button to transmit

On individual call await DSC urgency acknowledge

If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 3.9.2 RT urgency call and message on VHF ch16

call: 3x PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN PAN 3x station called all stations all stations all stations

this is this is

3x calling station SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 message: position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W

grounded in heavy swell. require urgent tug assistance. OVER OVER

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3.10 Safety - SECURITE

A very important information to shipping. • navigational warning

• meteorological warning

Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 3.10.1 DSC safety call on VHF ch70

Call includes ships MMSI, stations called, working channel a) select safety call

b) select all stations, group or individual (only some DSC) c) on individual or group call enter or select MMSI

d) select working channel

e) push appropriate button to transmit

If not, repeat after 5min, third transmission after another 15min. 3.10.2 RT safety call and message on working channel

call: 3x SECURITE 3x SAYCURETAY

3x station called all stations all stations all stations this is this is

3x calling station SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 message: position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W

nearly submerged container obeserved. danger to navigation.

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3.11 Routine

Routine traffic between ship stations and ship stations or coast sta-tions containing nautical information is free of charge.

Routine traffic between ship stations and coast stations containing private information is charged via AAIC.

Traffic is controlled by coast station or station called. Routine traffic on VHF working channel only.

3.11.1 DSC routine call on VHF ch70 a) select routine call

b) select group or individual c) enter or select MMSI d) select working channel

e) enter aditional information (only some DSC) f) push appropriate button to transmit

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3.11.2 RT routine call on VHF ch16

3x station called SEAGULL SEAGULL SEAGULL this is this is

3x station calling SILVI SILVI SILVI OVER OVER

Maximum length allowed 1min, in total 3 calls within 3min delay. Reply on VHF ch16:

station called SILVI this is this is calling station SEAGULL working channel switch to ch72

3.11.3 RT routine call on working channel station called SEAGULL

this is this is calling station SILVI

OVER OVER

3.11.4 RT routine message on working channel station called SEAGULL

this is this is calling station SILVI

message sailing to Pula Marina OVER OVER

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4 Search And Rescue Satellite

COSPAS/SARSAT

COSPAS/SARSAT was founded in 1979 by Russia, USA, Canadia and France. It is used for worldwide locating persons or mobile units in distress in GMDSS since 1988. www.cospas-sarsat.org

3 geostationary satellites GEOSAR in 36000km. 4 polar orbiting satellites LEOSAR in 850km.

Maritime use Emergency Position Indicating Radio Beacon EPIRB Aeronautical use Emergency Locater Transmitter ELT Personal use Personal Locater Beacon PLB

4.1 EPIRB distress alert on 406MHz

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.

fig. 6: EPIRB

EPIRB distress alert includes ships MMSI and position from integrated GPS. It is transmitted on 406MHz pass-ing satellites to a Local User Terminal LUT on land. Then routed via Mission Control Centre MCC to the responsible Maritime Rescue Coordination Centre MRCC.

An EPIRB can be activated manually or by hydrostatic release. Once activated it transmits a periodic distress alert for more then 48h. Some devices using homing transmitter on 121,5MHz for Radio Di-rection Finding RDF by SAR forces in addition.

4.2 EPIRB distress cancellation

Do not switch off after a false alert!

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5 Search And Rescue Transponder SART

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance re-quired. Only activated by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. SARTs are used to locate distress position by SAR forces.

They are manually activated. The range is about 10nm. Transponder is the short form of transmit and respond.

5.1 Radar SART

fig. 7: SART

On reception of a 9GHz radar pulse a Radar SART transmits 12 radar pulses. That means a distress signal on the radar screen.

5.2 AIS SART

Once acticated it transmits periodic distress alert on VHF Automatic Identification System AIS channels.

AIS SARTs are transmitting MMSI and Position from integrated GPS. That means a distress signal on the AIS or Electronic Chart Display Information System ECDIS screen.

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6 Maritime Safety Information MSI

Important information concerning the safety of persons or vessels. 1 Navigational Warning NX

2 Meteorological Information WX 3 Search And Rescue information SAR 4 Urgent or safety related information

Scheduled MSI broadcasts from coast stations are free of charge. aera service

A1, A2 NAVTEX

A3 INMARSAT EGC SafetyNET A3, A4 HF NAVTEX / telex

GMDSS Master Plan www.imo.org

ALRS Volume 3 MSI Services

ALRS Volume 5 GMDSS www.ukho.gov.uk

BSH Handbuch Nautischer Funkdienst BSH Yachtfunkdienst Mittelmeer

BSH Yachtfunkdienst Nord- und Ostsee www.bsh.de

Sailing directions Nautical Alamancs

DX Information Centre www.dxinfocentre.com

Frisnit www.frisnit.com

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6.1 NAVAREA

NAVAREAs are geographical sea areas estabilshed for co-ordinating

the broadcast of MSI www.imo.org

fig. 8: NAVAREAs

Sub-Area means a sub-division of a NAVAREA in which a number of countries have established a coordinated MSI system.

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6.2 NAVTEX MSI service

NAVTEX means navigational text, no fax or pictures are transmitted. Transmission time every 4 hours for <10min.

Urgent messages are transmitted immediately.

Range up to 200nm by day and up to 400nm by night. 6.2.1 NAVTEX frequencies

1 MF 518kHz international english

2 MF 490kHz national language (for non-SOLAS vessels) 3 HF some national MSI-HF service on

4209.5, 4210, 6314, 8416.5, 12579 16806.5, 19680.5, 22376, 26100.5kHz 6.2.2 NAVTEX coast stations

Each coast station is assigned a transmitter identification letter. Example 518kHz NAVTEX stations in UK:

country place range letter

England Niton 270M E

England Cullercoats 270M G Belgium Oostende 150M M Scotland Portpatrick 270M O Northern Ireland Malin Head 400M Q Ireland Valencia 400M W

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6.2.3 NAVTEX message

Each message is assigned a category letter: A navigational warning

B meteorological warning C ice report

D SAR Information, pirate attack warning E meteorological forecast

F pilot service

G Automatic Identification System AIS H LORAN message

J GPS message

K other electronic navaid message L navigational warning in addition to A Z no message on hand

Letter A, B and D cannot be rejected by SOLAS receivers. Each message is allocated a serial number between 01 and 99. Very urgent messages assigned with 00 cause an receiver alert. Example:

ZCZC start of message

QE55 55th weather report from Split Radio (NAVAREA III) 051840 UTC JAN DTG - january 05th _{at 1840 UTC}

SPLIT RADIO / 9AS coast station Split Radio, callsign 9AS WEATHER REPORT FOR ADRIATIC AT 1800 UTC.

WARNING: ISOLATED GUSTY OF NE, S-ADRIATIC, 30/40 KTS. STATE OF SEA, OFFSHORE SOUTHERN ADRIATIC, ROUGH. SYNOPSIS: RIDGE OF HIGH APPROACHING TO ADRIATIC. OUTLOOK 24HRS: NE 10/20, S-ADRIATIC, NW 15/25 KTS. SEA SMOOTH/SLIGHT, OFFSHORE SLIGHT/MOD.

VISIBILIY GOOD/EXELLENT, MOSTLY FINE, TEMPS FALLING.

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7 Power supply

Radio equipment needs electrical power. Normaly this would be Di-rect Current DC with nominal suply voltage of 12VDC on small crafts

and 24VDCon other vessels.

7.1 Direct Current 12V/24VDC

• Alternator on main engine • Batterie charging unit • Batteries

Lead aicid batteries:

• no load 12.2/24.4V_DC

• charging ≤14.4/28.8VDC if higher explosive gas!

– acid density 1280kg/m3 _charged

• discharging ≥10.8/21.6V_DC if lower damage caused! – acid density 1180kg/m3 discharged

7.2 Alternating Current 230VAC

• Shorepower • Generator • Inverter

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Part II

General Certificate

8 Maritime Radio Operator

8.1 General Operator Certificate GOC

Required for commercial use on

passenger ships, cargo vessels >300GRT and some vessels over 24m.

fig. 10: GOC

This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands includ-ing Digital Selective Callinclud-ing DSC an maritime mobile satellite communications on a compulsory GMDSS fitted SOLAS vessels.

At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime ra-dio stations on board compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels is required, normally by the shipmaster himself and all marine officers.

8.2 Long Range Certificate LRC

Required for pleasure or fishing use on small crafts.

fig. 11: LRC

This certificate authorises the holder to use a Radio Telephone RT on all maritime mobile bands includ-ing Digital Selective Callinclud-ing DSC and maritime mobile satellite communications on board voluntary GMDSS fitted non-SOLAS vessels.

At least one holder of a certificate of competence for maritime radio stations is required, normally by the shipmaster himself.

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8.3 Syllabus for LRC and GOC

CEPT examination syllabus for maritime radio operators for using GMDSS voluntary (LRC) and compulsory (GOC). www.cept.dk www.ero.dk

1. Maritime Mobile Radio Telephone RT communications (a) General principles and basic features

2. Detailed working knowledge of radio equipment (a) VHF, MF/HF radio installation

(b) Purpose and use of Digital Selective Calling DSC

(c) Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP, telex GOC 3. Operational procedures of the GMDSS

(a) Search and Rescue SAR Procedures

(b) Distress, urgency and safety communication

(c) Communication with non-SOLAS ships GOC (d) Protection of distress frequencies

(e) Maritime Safety Information MSI (f) Alerting and Locating Signals 4. Operational procedures and regulations

(a) English language written and spoken GOC (b) Ability to exchange communications relevant to SOLAS (c) Regulations, obligatory procedures and practices

(d) Practical and theoretical knowledge of RT procedures 5. Maritime Mobile Satellite Service

(a) INMARSAT System

(b) INMARSAT C operation, Enhanced Group Call EGC (c) INMARSAT B/M, Flett 77 operation GOC

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8.4 Radio operator certificate

Every ship radio station must be controlled by an operator holding a certificate issued or recognised by the government to which the sta-tion is subject.

The operator must hold an authority to operate by the shipmaster. National radio operator licensing administrations:

• Austria: by law (FZG, FZV, FZGV) www.ris.bka.gv.at

LRC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis II UBZ II GOC = Allgemeines Betriebszeugnis I UBZ I

Radiotelephone Operator for Inland Waterways included. Fernmeldebeh¨orde FMB www.bmvit.gv.at

• Germany

LRC = Allgemein g¨ultiges Funkbetriebszeugnis

Deutscher Segler-Verband DSV www.dsv.org

Deutscher Motoryachtverband DMYV www.dmyv.de

GOC= Allgemein gültiges Betriebszeugnis für Funker ABZ Bundesamt für Seeschifffahrt und Hydrografie www.bsh.de

• Switzerland LRC =

Allgemein gültiges Betriebszeugnis für die Sportschiffahrt Radiotelephone Operator for Inland Waterways included. Maritime Mobile Satellit Service for INMARSAT C included. Schweizer Bundesamt für Kommunikation www.bakom.ch

• United Kingdom

LRC = Long Range Certificate GOC = General Operator Certificate

Association of Marine Electronics and Radio Colleges

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9 MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

9.1 MF/HF propagation

Ground wave

This type of waves travels along the surface of the ground. Propagation is influenced by the frequency and the con-ductivity of the earth. At MF the ground wave has a range of 150-250nm during daylight. At HF the absorb-tion of the ground increases and the range can be less than 5 miles.

Sky wave

The sky wave has the ability to bend or reflect in the upper atmosphere (labled F1 and F2) so that it returns to the earth. With more than one skips you can reach stations around the world. Skip distance increases with the frequency. Lower bands 4/8MHz have to be sent in the morning and at night. During sunlight at mid after-noon use higher bands 16/22MHz. And in the evening 8/12MHz. So MF sky wave can reach more than 400nm during night.

Dead zone

No signals are heard between the end of the ground wave and the skip of the sky wave and so it is called the dead zone.

Fading

If more then one reflection is received the receiver will combine the signals. Combining these two signals means the strength of the signal can vary greatly. Variations from zero to maximum are possible, called fading.

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9.2 MF/HF classes of emission

modulation signal information

A AM 1 digital B teleprinting

H SSB carrier 2 digital subcarrier C fax

J SSB no carrier 3 analog D telecommand

F FM E telephony

G PM

A3E Double Side Band DSB LF/MF/HF broadcast The Radio Frequency RF carrier and 3kHz bandwidth of the Audio Frequency AF are fed into the amplitude mod-ulator AM. On the output is a Double Side Band DSB sig-nal with 6kHz bandwidth, named A3E. Those two bands call Lower Side Band LSB and Upper Side Band USB.

H3E Single Side Band SSB with carrier former MF RT 2182kHz An LSB filter makes the Upper Side Band USB, a Single Side Band SSB with carrier H3E, from Double Side Band A3E. You spare 25% of power.

J3E Single Side Band SSB no carrier MF/HF RT A carrier filter produces the SSB without carrier J3E. You spare 50% of power. On receiving J3E signals you must reinsert a carrier to demodulate information. TX and RX frequency are not really the same, so you need to adjust RX frequency with fine tune or clarifier.

F1B Frequency Shift Keying FSK MF/HF DSC FSK means the transmission of two different frequencies for two states of binary digits 0 and 1.

J2B Single Side Band SSB with subcarrier MF/HF DSC Bit 0/1 are converted into two different audio tone signals and sent in J3E

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9.3 MF/HF Radio Telephone RT

Based on the same technology a single MF/HF radio device is used for MF and HF communication.

fig. 12: ICOM M710 GMDSS

9.3.1 Receiver RX

• RX/TX paired frequencies

– Select ITU channel: associated RX/TX frequency table – Input RX and TX frequency

– 2182 direct tune to MF 2182kHz, J3E, high power • Class of emission mode

• RF Radio Frequency gain signal sensitivity • AGC Automatic Gain Control reduce fading • AF Audio Frequency gain volume of loudspeaker • Fine tune / clarifiy shift RX carrier frequency ±150Hz 9.3.2 Transmitter TX

• Push To Talk PTT activate transmitter • Tune matches the length of the antenna

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9.4 Radio bands

band definition wave maritime useage LF 30-300kHz 10-1km MF 300-3000kHz 1000-100m NAVTEX 490kHz, 518kHz MF RT+DSC 1605-3800kHz HF 3-30MHz 100-10m HF RT+DSC 3.8-26MHz VHF 30-300MHz 10-1m VHF RT+DSC 156-162MHz UHF 300-3000MHz 10-1dm COSPAS/SARSAT 406MHz INMARSAT 1.5/1.6GHz GPS 1.5GHz SHF 3-30GHz 10-1cm RADAR 3GHz & 9 GHz SART 9GHz 9.5 MF/HF Antenna

• Wire: Yachts are using the aft stay, lager vessels a wire between two masts bow and stern. The wire, more then 7m, has to be insulated from superstructure.

• Whip: Yachts are using pushpit or flybridge mounting, larger vessels the top of bridge tower.

9.6 MF/HF Tuner

fig. 13: ICOM AT130E

The MF/HF carrier frequency changes from min-imum MF 1.6MHz to maxmin-imum HF 26MHz and therefore the wave length from 188m to 10m. But the antenna has a fixed length.

Automatic antenna tuner matches the real length to the ideal length using coils and capacitors.

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9.7 MF/HF Digital Selective Calling DSC

9.7.1 Type of calls

Primary type of calls to one, some or all stations in radio range: • distress

– alert (acknowledge) all stations – relay all (acknowledge) all stations – relay individual (acknowledge) coast MMSI • urgency & safety

– group, geographical area group MMSI or coordinates – individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI • routine

– group group MMSI

– individual (acknowledge) ship or coast MMSI – test (acknowledge) coast MMSI 9.7.2 MF/HF DSC controller

class A full requirements for compulsory fitted SOLAS vessels class E minimum facilities for voluntary fitted non-SOLAS vessels Scan watch receiver continuous digital watch scanning all 6 MF/HF DSC frequencies

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9.8 Distress - MAYDAY

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. 9.8.1 MF/HF DSC distress alert

Alert includes ships MMSI, position, nature and working frequency Undefined distress alert push DISTRESS button >5s

Defined distress alert enter menu

a) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry) b) select nature of distress from list: undefined/undesignated,

fire/explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing/capsizing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon, piracy/armed robbery, man/person over board c) select calling frequency:

single: 5 consecutive calls on 1 frequency ∼35s multi: 6 consecutive calls on all 6 frequencies ∼42s MF 2187.5kHz

HF 4207.5, 6312.0, 8414.5, 12577.0, 16804.5kHz d) select associated RT working frequency:

MF 2182kHz

HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz e) push DISTRESS button >5s

MF DSC received by ship & coast stations in radio range ∼150nm HF DSC received by ship & coast stations in propagation range Await DSC distress acknowledge from CS/RCC <3min If not, automatic reptition of DSC distress alert ≈4min 9.8.2 MF/HF RT distress call and message

Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency

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9.9 Distress relay - MAYDAY RELAY

There is a distress situation if you observe orange smoke, red parachute flares, raising an lowering arms, flying a ball over/under square shape. Or if you receive DSC distress alert, RT MAYDAY, SART, EPIRB. Take the following actions:

• Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz • await DSC/RT acknowledge or response from CS/RCC • If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means 9.9.1 MF/HF DSC distress relay call

• Calling frequency select band on propagation MF 2187.5kHz

HF 4207.5,6312,8414.5,12577,16804.5kHz • Subsequent associated RT working frequency:

MF 2182kHz

HF 4125,6215,8291,12290,16420kHz

a) select individual call priority distress relay (only some DSC) b) enter or select MMSI of CS/RCC

c) select calling frequency: select band on propagation MF 2187.5kHz

MF 2182kHz

HF 4125, 6215, 8291, 12290, 16420kHz e) push appropriate button to transmit

9.9.2 MF/HF RT distress relay call and message Transmit subsequent RT distress call and message on associated RT working frequency.

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9.10 Distress cancellation

Distress has to be canceled after transmission of a false distress alert or distress situation no longer required.

9.10.1 MF/HF DSC distress cancellation a) push CANCEL button to stop transmission b) select distress cancellation call (only some DSC)

self acknowledge

c) push appropriate button to transmit 9.10.2 MF/HF RT distress cancellation

Follow up with RT distress cancellation call and message: Single DSC call: on associated RT working frequency

Multi DSC call: on each of 6 associated RT working frequencies 3xall stations all stations all stations all stations

this is this is

3xname+callsign+MMSI SILVI SILVI SILVI OEX6437 203783420 position position 43◦59.2’N 013◦28.9’W

cancel my distress alert please cancel my distress alert of date and time of 0837 UTC today

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9.11 Urgency - PAN PAN

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. Urgency calls on VHF and MF only.

9.11.1 MF DSC urgency call a) select urgency call

b) select area, group or individual (only some DSC) c) enter area or MMSI

d) select calling frequency: select band on propagation MF 2187.5kHz

MF 2182kHz

9.11.2 MF RT urgency call and message Transmit subsequent RT urgency call and message on associated RT working frequency.

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9.12 Safety - SECURITE

A very important navigational or meteorological warning. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. Safety calls on VHF and MF only.

9.12.1 MF DSC safety call a) select safety call

b) select area, group or individual (only some DSC) c) enter area or MMSI

d) select calling frequency: select band on propagation MF 2187.5kHz

MF 2182kHz

9.12.2 MF RT safety call and message Transmit subsequent RT safety call and message on associated RT working frequency.

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9.13 Routine

9.13.1 MF/HF DSC routine calling a) select routine call

b) select group or individual c) enter MMSI

d) select calling frequency: select band on propagation MF ship-ship TX/RX 2177/2177kHz

ship-shore TX/RX 2189.5/2177kHz

HF 24 DSC frequencies within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]

4MHz: 4208.0/4219.5, 4208.5/4220.0, 4209.0/4220.5 6MHz: 6312.5/6331.0, 6313.0/6331.5, 6313.5/6332.0 8MHz: 8415.0/8436.5, 8415.5/8437.0, 8416.0/8437.5 12MHz: 12577.5/12657.0, 12578.0/12657.5, 12578.5/12658.0 16MHz: 16805.0/16903.0, 16805.5/16903.5, 16806.0/16904.0 18MHz: 18898.5/19703.5, 18899.0/19704.0, 18899.5/19704.5 22MHz: 22375.5/22444.0, 22376.0/22444.5, 22376.5/22445.0 25MHz: 25208.5/26121.0, 25209.0/26121.5, 25209.5/26122.0

e) select RT working frequency on same band as calling MF ship-ship i.e. intership TX/RX 2048/2048kHz MF ship-shore 55 ITU channels: ship TX/RX [kHz]

2MHz: 241-267: 2060/1635, 2063/1638, ... 2138/1713 2MHz: 268-295: 2060/1716, 2063/1719, ... 2141/1797

HF 242 ITU channels within 8 bands: ship TX/RX [kHz]

4MHz: 401-427: 4065/4357, 4068/4360, ..., 4143/4435 6MHz: 601-608: 6200/6501, 6203/6504, ..., 6221/6522 8MHz: 801-832: 8195/8719, 8198/8722, ..., 8288/8812 12MHz: 1201-1241: 12230/13077, 12233/13080, ..., 12350/13197 16MHz: 1601-1656: 16360/17242, 16363/17245, ..., 16525/17407 18MHz: 1801-1815: 18780/19755, 18783/19758, ..., 18822/19797 22MHz: 2201-2253: 22000/22696, 22003/22699, ..., 22156/22852 25MHz: 2501-2510: 25070/26145, 25073/26148, ..., 25097/26172

f) enter additional information as position, pay-phone, ... g) push appropriate button to transmit

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9.14 MF/HF telex

9.14.1 MF/HF selcal

Each station needs unique telex idenfification, the selcal: coast station: 4 digits

ship station: 5 digits

ITU List of callsigns and numerical identities

Maritime Access and Retrieval System MARS www.itu.int

9.14.2 MF/HF telex terminal A telex terminal consits of

Video Display Unit VDU Keyboard

Printer

Telex modulator/demodulator MODEM MF/HF Transceiver (F1B or J2B)

Operation modes for Narrow Band Direct Printing NBDP. Automatic Reception Request ARC (station to station) Forward Error Correction FEC (broadcast TX to all RX) Selective FEC SELFEC (station TX to station RX)

Distress, urgency and safety frequencies: FEC mode MF: 2174.5kHz

HF: 4177.5, 6268.0, 8376.5, 12520.0, 16695.0kHz Telex abbrevations:

GA+ go ahead

MED+ medical assistance required OBS+ weather messages

OCC+ occupied (engaged) URG+ urgent assistant required

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10 International Martitime Satellite INMARSAT

10.1 INMARSAT satellites

fig. 14: INMARSAT satellites

INMARSAT is a private company and located in London with its Opera-tion Control Centre OCC. 4 satellites W, AOR-E, IOR, POR are geosta-tionary located in 36.000km height above the equa-tor.

At your known ships po-sition you can calculate the azimuth and eleva-tion angle.

www.inmarsat.com

GMDSS communication standards:

standard phone data aerial IMN B yes 64kBit/s 120cm dish 3MIDxxxxx C no 600Bit/s 20cm omnidir. 4MIDxxxxx Fleet 77 yes 128kBit/s 77cm dish 76MIDxxxx The system offers 4 priority levels:

level priority standard

P3 distress Fleet 77, SAT-B, SAT-M, SAT-C P2 urgency Fleet 77

P1 safety Fleet 77

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10.2 INMARSAT Land Earth Station LES

There are about 40 Land Earth Stations around the world, formerly called Coast Earth Stations CES. Dishes (parabolic antenna) with a diameter of 20m are used for RX 3.6GHz and TX 6.4GHz.

They are connecting into the Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN, Packet Switched Data Network PSDN and to RCC’s.

Not every LES provides all communication standards. SAT-C LES list:

country operator AOR-W AOR-E POR IOR Australia Stratos (Perth) 022 122 222 322 China Beijing 211 311 France Vizada 021 121 221 321 Greece OTE 120 305 India VSNL 306 Israel Bezeq 127 327 Italia Telecom Italia 105 335 Japan KDDI 003 103 203 303 Netherlands Stratos (Burum) 012 112 212 312 Stratos (Burum 2) 002 102 302 New Zealand Stratos (Auckland) 202 Norway Telenor 004 104 204 304 Poland Telekomunikacja 116 316 Russia Morsviazsputnik 117 217 317 Singapore Singapore Telecom 210 328 Turkey Telecom 110 310 Vietnam VISHIPEL 330 USA Telenor 001 101 201 301

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10.3 INMARSAT Mobile Earth Station MES

Formerly called Ship Earth Stations SES.

fig. 15: INMARSAT MES

The communication frequencies RX 1.5GHz and TX 1.6GHz propa-gate with space wave. The satellite has to be in the line of sight. That is possible up to 70◦N/S.

The antenna (dish) is directional and must be pointed accurately at the satellite. Normally it is automatically tracked by ships position (GPS) and heading (gyro) to satellite (azimuth and elevation).

fig. 16: INMARSAT NCS

4 Network Co-ordination Stations NCS are responsible for allocating ships TX communication channels and ships RX calling.

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11 SAT-C Mobile Earth Station

11.1 SAT-C Terminal

Store-and-foreward data messaging only (similar to SMS), no phone.

fig. 17: SAT-C Terminal

It consists of om-nidirectional antenna, transceiver and PC Terminal.

User Software is nor-mally DOS based, Windows based by third parties.

Login is only possible if MES is in contract with INMARSAT. You get messages after login to NCS ocean region.

Logging out informs the NCS that your MES is no longer available for communication. The NCS in your ocean region updates its database with this information. The system knows not to accept any messages intended for your MES and informs would-be callers that your MES is not available. Logging out inhibts loss of data.

class terminal

0 EGC receiver only

1 SAT-C transceiver only (non GMDSS)

2 EGC receiver when SAT-C transceiver is standby 3 EGC receiver and SAT-C transceiver

Mini-C small-scale, non GMDSS for voluntary fitted vessels can be used in Inmarsat spot beam areas only.

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11.2 SAT-C priority distress

If you select distress priority your message will be routed only to an RCC associated with the LES selected, regardless of the destination. 11.2.1 SAT-C distress alert

Grave and imminent danger to ship or crew, immediate assistance required. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge. Undesignated distress alert push DISTRESS button(s) >5s Possible without any contract with INMARSAT corporation.

Designated distress alert enter menu a) select distress alert

b) check position (interconnected GPS or manual entry) c) select nature of distress from list

unspecified, fire/explosion, flooding, collision, grounding, listing, sinking, disabled/adrift, abandon, further assitance, piracy/armed attack

d) login to any LES/CES (nearest to your position prefered) e) push appropriate button to transmit

Received by Inmarsat satellite → LES → RCC ∼70◦_S-70◦_N

Await SAT-C distress acknowledge from RCC within 5min. If not repeat SAT-C distress alert as above.

11.2.2 SAT-C telex distress message a) select distress priority

b) prepare distress message MAYDAY

ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN

position, nature of distress, assistance required additional information

c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent d) to transmit push appropriate button

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11.2.3 SAT-C telex distress relay message

There is a distress situation if you observe orange smoke, red parachute flares, raising an lowering arms, flying a ball over/under square shape. Or if you receive DSC distress alert, RT MAYDAY, SART, EPIRB. Take the following actions:

• Set continuous watch on VHF ch16 and MF 2182kHz • If no CS/RCC involved relay ashore by any means Relay to RCC on SAT-C terminal:

a) select distress priority b) prepare message

MAYDAY RELAY

ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN position

observed / received the following ... c) select LES/CES

d) to transmit push appropriate button

11.2.4 SAT-C telex distress cancellation message

If you accidentally send a distress alert, you should notify the appro-priate RCC to cancel the alert by sending a distress priority message via the same LES through which the false alert was sent.

a) select distress priority

b) prepare distress cancellation message

ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN position

cancel my distress alert of date and time

c) select the same LES/CES through the alert was sent d) to transmit push appropriate button

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11.3 SAT-C priority routine

Messages are selected by 2-digit Special Access Codes SAC.

www.inmarsat.com

11.3.1 SAT-C telex urgency message

A very urgent message concerning the safety of a ship or a person. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.

a) select routine priority

b) select message type special access c) enter specific 2-digit code

32 medical advice 38 medical assistance 39 maritime assitance d) prepare message including

PAN PAN

ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN / position e) select LES/CES

f) to transmit push appropriate button 11.3.2 SAT-C telex safety message

A very important navigational or meteorological warning. Only be sent by authority of shipmaster or person in charge.

b) select message type special access c) enter specific 2-digit code

42 navigational hazards d) prepare message including

SECURITE

ships name / call sign / MMSI / IMN / position e) select LES/CES

(70)

11.3.3 SAT-C telex routine message Message type:

type country destination prefix ext. preamble shore telex country subscriber - -

-ship telex 581 AOR/E IMN - -

-582 POR - -

-583 IOR - -

-583 AOR/W - -

-data PSDN DNIC - -

-fax PSTN country subscriber - T30

-sms SAC - - 28 - TO+<no.>

email SAC - - 28 - TO+<addr.>

SAT-C terminal:

b) select message type, country, destination, prefix, extension c) prepare message including preamble

d) select LES/CES (shore charges → nearest to destination) e) to transmit push appropriate button

Inmarsat air charges per 256Bit ≈ 0,30USD / 256Bit ITA-2, 5Bit, telex 50 character / 256Bit ASCII, 7Bit, text 36 character / 256Bit Binary, 8Bit, data 32 character / 256Bit Inmarsat sms/email Provider: contract required Vizada (former Telenor, France Telecom) www.vizada.com

Stratos (former Xantic) www.stratosglobal.com

Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN:

Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com

(71)

11.4 SAT-C shore-to-ship routine

fig. 18: INMARSAT shore-to-ship country destination telex 581 AOR/E IMN

582 POR 583 IOR 584 AOR/W

data 1111 AOR/E DNIC 1112 POR

1113 IOR 1114 AOR/W

Inmarsat Mobile Number IMN:

Inmarsat ships directory www.inmarsat.com

destination message preamble sms Vizada: +49-1709127629 MES:

Stratos; +47-95222333 i IMN

email Vizada: [email protected] subject: keyword Stratos: [email protected] subject: al:telex

40440455-GMDSS-Gantioler-2009-10

Maritime Radio Operator

Thomas Gantioler

Author

Contents

Part I

Restricted Certificate

1

Maritime Radio Operator

2

Global Maritime Distress and Safety System

GMDSS

3

VHF Maritime Mobile Radio

4

Search And Rescue Satellite

COSPAS/SARSAT

5

Search And Rescue Transponder SART

6

Maritime Safety Information MSI

7

Power supply

Part II

General Certificate

8

Maritime Radio Operator

9

MF/HF Maritime Mobile Radio

10

International Martitime Satellite INMARSAT

11

SAT-C Mobile Earth Station