Forage crops variety testing 1975

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FORAGE

S

'

VARIETY TESTING

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Publ ished by

THE NORTH CAROLI NA AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICE

North Carolina State University at Raleigh and the U. S. Department of Agriculture, Cooperating. State University Station, Raleigh, N. C., George Hyatt, Jr., Director. Distributed In furtherance of the Acts of Congress of May 8 and June 30, 1914.

October 1975 Misc. Extension Publication No. 151

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INTRODUCTION

...

1

Names and Addresses of Cooperators and Extension Staff Map of Test Locations

3 4

EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Geo graphical Information on 1974 Test Sites

...

5

6

WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES

...

9

Results and Discussion ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 9

Agencies Sponsoring Entries

...

11

Coastal Plains, Johnston County Location

Dry Forage Yields ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 12 Crude Protein Percent ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 13 Crude Protein Pounds Per Acre ••••••••••••••••••••• 14

Coastal Plains Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield

and Protein ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 15

Piedmont, Rowan County Location

Dry Forage Yields ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 16 Crude Protein Percent ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 17 Crude Protein Pounds Per Acre ••••••••••••••••••••• 18

Piedmont Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield and

Protein ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 19

Sln111ER ANNUAL GRASSES ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 20 Results and Discussion •••••••••• e • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 20

Agencies Sponsoring Entries •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Coastal Plains, Bertie County Location

Dry Forage Yield •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Crude Protein Percent ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Dry Forage Yield, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber,

Total Digestible Nutrients and Estimated Net

Ener gy ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 22

23

24

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Dry Forage Yields •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Crude Protein Percent •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• Dry Forage Yield, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber,

Energy ....•...•...•...••.••....•..••....

Coastal Plains Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield, Crude Protein and Total Digestible Nutrients Piedmont, Rowan County Location

26 27

28

29

Dry Forage Yields •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 30 Crude Protein Percent •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 31 Dry Forage Yields, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber,

Energy...

32

Piedmont, Stanly County Location

Dry Forage Yields •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 33 Crude Protein Percent •••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 34 Dry Forage Yields, Crude Protein, Crude Fiber,

Energy...

35

Piedmont Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield,

Crude Protein and Total Digestible Nutrients ••••••••• 36

PERENNIAL FORAGES •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37

Results and Discussion •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 37

Agencies Sponsoring Entries ••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 39

Perennial Grasses - Piedmont, Rowan County Location

Dry Forage Yield ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 40

Alfalfa - Piedmont, Rowan County Location

Dry Forage Yield •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••

41

Long-Term Averages of Dry Forage Yield ••••••••••• 42

White Clover - Piedmont, Rowan County Location

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List of Appendix Tables ••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• 45

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INTRODUCTION

EVALUATION OF FORAGE CROPS VARIETIES IN NORTH CAROLINA

1974

New varieties and hybrids of forages are constantly being released from

both public and private sources. The purpose of this publication is to

present comparative data on the various forages tested in North Carolina.

The varieties tested may be classed into three major groups:

winter annual grasses including rye, wheat, oats, barley, triticale and

ryegrasses; summer annual grasses including the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids,

pearl millets and sudangrass; and perennial forages such as alfalfa, ladino

clover, orchardgrass and fescue. Silage information is not included in

this publication.

All varieties were managed on a multiple-cut system with most varieties

being clipped four or more times to simulate as nearly as possible grazing

or haying conditions.

The types of information gathered and presented varies from one species

to another. Dry matter yields, however, are considered one of the major

factors in comparing forages and, thus, are reported on all forages tested.

Crude protein is reported for annual grasses. Values for crude fiber and

the appropriate conversion to total digestible nutrients and estimated net

energy are given on sorghurn-sudangrass hybrids, sudangrass and pearl millets.

Weather-gathering instruments were not available at the exact test sites.

However, climatological data are presented from stations nearest a given test

and are given in the appendix. In most cases these reporting stations were

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Long-te~ yield averages are given for entries which have been tested for more than one year. In order to properly evaluate a variety for any one area, data taken for more than one year is desirable.

Some experimental lines are sponsored through the Agricultural Research Service, USDA, Beltsville, Maryland; institutions, and privately owned

companies. These lines are not available on the common market. All entries from privately owned companies are on a fee basis, whether they are experi-mental lines or lines offered for sale in North Carolina with the exception of proven varieties used as standards. All varieties are from certified sources or fram sources which would be able to verify the origin. This gives assurance as to the purity of the entries tested and results reported here could likely be reproduced.

Some of the winter and summer annual tests were conducted on private farms. The perennial tests were located on state owned experiment stations. Cooperators are listed in Table 1. The Forage Variety Testing Program

expresses appreciation to these individuals and to the County Extension Agents and their staff for their assistance in conducting these tests.

Statistical analyses and most other computations were made in the Statistical Laboratory and Computing Center at North Carolina State

University. Supervision of these operations was by Dr. John O. Rawlings and Mrs. Sandra Donaghy. This assistance is greatly appreciated.

Chemical analyses were conducted by the Department of Soil Science, Analytical Service Laboratory at N. C. State University under the supervision of Drs. James W. Gilliam and Maurice Watson.

Crude fiber and moisture percentages were determined by the North Carolina Department of Agriculture, Feed Branch Division of Analytical

Chemistry under the supervision of Dr Jack W V St d

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TABLE 1. Names and addresses of cooperators and extension staff in 1973-74 North Carolina Forage Variety Tests.

Winter Annual Grasses Clyde Z. McSwain

W. C. Allsbrook

Summer Annual Grasses Rhodes Bond

w.

C. Allsbrook

J. P. Muh1heizler

Clyde Z. McSwain

Perennial Forages Clyde Z. McSwain

Address

Salisbury, N. C. Rowan County Clayton, N. C. Johnston County

Windsor, N. C. Bertie County Clayton, N. C. Johnston County Richfield, N. C. Stanly County Salisbury, N. C. Rowan County

Salisbury, N. C. Rowan County

Extension Staff or Experiment Station

Piedmont Research Station

Central Crops Research Station

Walden M. Hearn, Jr.

Central Crops Research Station

J. Frank Simpson

Piedmont Research Station

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•

e

*

A

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WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES

SUMMER ANNUAL GRASSES

ALFALFA

WHITE CLOVER

PERENNIAL GRASSES

FIGURE 1 - LOCATION OF FORAGE VARIETY TEST

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Geographical information on 1974 forage variety test locations.

Crop Location Soil

Length of Growing Season

Average Annual Rainfall

Alfalfa, White Clover, Peren-nial Grasses, Winter Annuals Summer Annuals

Piedmont Research Station Salisbury, North Carolina Central Piedmont, Rowan County Approx. Elev. 825 feet

Davidson-Mecklenburg Association 200 Days Dark red clay loam soil with

firm red clay, thick subsoil

49 inches

Winter Annuals Summer Annuals

Central Crops Research Station Clayton, North Carolina

West Central Coastal Plain Johnston County

Approx. Elev. 330 feet

Norfolk-Ruston Association Light Gray loam surface soil Yellow friable sandy clay loam subsoil.

200 Days 46 inches

Summer Annuals

Rhodes Bond Farm

Windsor, North Carolina Northern Coastal Plain Bertie County

Approx. Elev. 50 feet J. p. Muhlheizler Farm Richfield, North Carolina Southern Piedmont

Stanly County

Approx. Elev. 800 feet

Caroline Association 200 Days Gray loam surface soil

Fine Sandy clay subsoil

Herndon-Georgeville Association 210 Days Yellowish-red "Slate-Belt"

Surface soil, redfirm silty clay Thick subsoil

50 inches

46 inches

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EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE

Generally accepted research techniques for small-plot design experiments were employed on all tests. Fertilization, seeding rates, dates, and other cultural information of a given test are listed with the table which gives dry matter yields by harvests for that test.

Unless the reader is directly interested in the experimental details, he may desire to continue with the Results and Discussion Section.

A randomized complete block with five replications was used for each test. In all cases, the replication x entry-number exceeded forty.

Plot length in all cases was 20 feet. The width of plots for sod crops such as ladino clover was three feet. All other plots were 2~ feet wide. Replications and/or ranges were separated by not less than 2~ feet and all tests were bordered by material either identical or comparable to that included in the test. The exception was the ladino clover test which was bordered with fescue.

In tests which included different species with major differences in seasonal productivity, borders were maintained between variet~s. Where major seasonal differences between varieties were not a factor, the entire

plot was harvested for yields.

Cultural practices were in accord with sound research techniques with fertilization and management being the same for all entries in a given test.

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Seeding rates for all tests conducted were adjusted to 100 percent germination as determined by the Seed Testing Laboratory at N. C. State University under the supervision of Dr. R. P. Moore.

Seeding dates for various tests are shown on tables which show seasonal yields for a given test. In general perennials and winter annuals were seeded in September. Summer annuals were seeded in May for all locations.

Standard practices were employed in seed bed preparation and fertilization and were the same for all entries in a given test. No cultivation was used at any location. Crabgrass became a problem late in the season on the Coastal Plain tests of summer annual grasses.

The number of harvests made on the different tests varied from three on the summer annuals in the Coastal Plain to five on the white clover at Salisbury. Alfalfa was cut as for hay but a simulated grazing management of clipping was employed on all other tests.

The machine used to harvest plots was a self-propelled, flail knife chopper designed especially for small plot work. Wheels of the machine were spaced such that they straddled the harvest rows and the stubble was not damaged. The height in inches of stubble left after harvesting was as follows: alfalfa, 3; other perennials and winter annual grasses, 2~; and summer annual grasses, 6.

Harvesting procedure included drying either the whole sample or a subsample fram all of the plots. Subsampling was necessary in some cases due to the bulk of material being handled and shortage of drying space. When subsamples were used, all the plots in a test were subsampled.

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from five to nine percent. Extreme variations did not exist for most harvests and no attempt was made to standardize dry weight yields to a constant

moisture level. Moisture remaining in samples from other tests was assumed to be less than ten percent.

Chemical data were gathered from all of the summer annual grass tests. Crude protein determinations were made on two composites of each entry on each harvest. Crude fiber and moisture were determined from a composite sample taken from all harvests at a given location.

After drying, the samples were ground through a hammer mill and a representative portion of the sample was taken before grinding through a Wiley Mill.

The A.O.A.C. method was used to determine crude fiber percent. Nitrogen was determined by the Kjeldahl Process. Formulae for computing various chemical values were: total digestible nutrients percent

=

79.40 - (0.69 x CF) and estimated net energy percent

=

75.97 - (0.96 x CF). Crude protein was calculated as percent nitrogen multiplied by 6.25.

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WINTER ANNUAL GRASSES

The small grains and ryegrasses serve as an important part of the winter feeding program on many farms in North Carolina. Since silage is one of the primary winter feeds, these are of particular importance in supplying supplemental energy and protein for silage fed animals. Their period of maximum production occurs in the early spring when feed supplies are

generally short, therefore, farmers should carefully consider a small grain or ryegrass or a mixture of the two in their feeding program.

Sponsoring agencies for the winter annual crops are given in Table 3. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Forage yields varied considerably within the two winter annual tests with the most variation being between the ryes and the other species in the test. Relative range among varieties differed somewhat for the geographical regions. The Coastal Plain test shows yields ranging from 7992 for T-E Gro-Green Rye to 3019 pounds per acre for Clayton Barley (Table 4). In the Piedmont location the same varieties had a range of 8634 for Oregon Grown Ryegrass to 5902 pounds per acre for Blue Boy II Wheat (Table 8).

Seasonal yield should be considered in making any decision on varieties or species. Usually the ryes have production earlier than the ryegrasses and terminate earlier in the spring. They would be most likely out of the way before the land would be needed for the next crop in a double-cropping program. The ryegrasses should ~oduce a substantial amount of forage for approximately 45 days later than rye.

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yield. The crude protein per acre is especially dependent upon yield (Tables 6 and 10). When selecting between species, one should weigh this factor against the other performance factors. The significant thing is that during the winter period these crops supply a considerable amount of protein needed in animal nutrition.

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Table 3. Name, address and variety designation of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1973-1974 Winter Grass Test.

Name

Coker's Pedigreed Seed Company

Gurley Milling Company

McNair Seed Company

Pennington Grain

&

Seed, Inc.

Taylor-Evans Seed Company

N. C. Agricultural Extension Service

Address

Hartsville

South Carolina 29550 Selma

North Carolina Laurinburg North Carolina P. O. Box 290 Madison

Georgia 30650 Tulia, Texas

Raleigh

North Carolina

Variety Designation

Coker 227 (Oat)

Gurley's Grazer 2000 (Rye) G. I. 75

McNair Vita-Graze (Rye)

Wintergrazer 70 (Rye)

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FVT 111 Winter Annual Grasses, Dry Forage Yieldso Coastal P1ainj Johnston County

1973-74.

17 Pounds Per Acre Dry

Forage-Entry' 2/6

Harvest Dates

3/13 4/4 5/1 5/30 Total

Rye

T..,E Gro-Green

GI 75

T-E Exp. 7301 Wintergrazer 70 Gurley Grazer 2000 Wrens Abruzzi Vita-Graze

Wheat Blueboy I I

Barley Clayton Oats Carolee Coker 227 Ryegrass Aubade Oregon Grown Gulf

Mean of Test

LoS~D. (.05)

c.

01) 747 1008 851 1435 1109 1117 1050 770 214 245 149 381 236 271 684 345 459 2199 1809 2186 1543 1662 1442 1568 1443 325 580 537 510 361 436 1186 310 413 1212 1308 1144 1136 1071 1041 856 917 1267 1094 1353 1205 1162 1168 1138 235 313 2817 2660 2638 2192 2340 2425 2209 1420 1213 2212 1921 1938 2186 2331 2179 429 572 1016 949 846 879 872 857 807 441 961 589 2208 2199 1694 1101 310 414 7992 7734 7665 7185 7054 6882 6490 4990 3019 5092 4548 6242 6144 5899 6210 766 1021

II

Average of five replications

Seeded October 16, 1973, at rate of: Rye 2 bu/A

Wheat 3 bu/A

Oats 2 bu/A Barley 2 bu/A Ryegrass 40 1bs/A Fertilization: 80 1bs~ N, 80 1bs~ P205 and 80 1bs~ K

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Table 5. FVT 111 Winter annual grasses, crude protein percent. Coastal Plain, Johnston County - 1974.

Percent Crude Protein By Dates

11

Average

Entry 2/6 3/13 4/4 5/1 5/30 Protein

Rye

T-E Gro-Green 16.3 19.6 18.1 16.9 13.8 17.4

GI 75 14.2 23.6 20.4 12.7 13.8 16.9

T-E Exp.

7301 16.2 19.3 19.5 13.5 12.2 16.2

Winter grazer 70 14.1 22.0 15.8 14.3 12.0 15.9

Gurley Grazer 2000 15.7 21.6 19.7 13.2 12.1 16.5

Wrens Abruzzi 15.5 18.6 16.8 13.4 11.9 15.1

Vita-Graze 13.9 17.7 17.6 14.0 13.5 15.2

Wheat

Blueboy II 9.3 18.3 14.8 14.8 13.6 14.9

Barley

Clayton 5.1 21.3 11.6 11.7 12.2

Oats

Caro1ee 8.3 24.8 15.2 12.1 9.9 13.6

Coker 227 7.2 20.7 16.4 11.7 11.9 14.0

Ryegrass

Aubade 5.8 20.2 14.4 14.5 8.1 12.2

Oregon Grown 6.4 23.2 18.2 13.6 8.4 12.9

Gulf 2.1 23.7 17.4 12.8 8.5 12.7

~of~ 10.7 21.0 16.8 13.5 11.5 14.7

L.S.D.

(.05) 1.6 .8 1.4 .9 1.2 .6

(.01) 2.1 1.1 1.9 1.2 1.6 .8

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Table 6. FVT I I I Winter annual grasses, c~ude protein per acre. Coastal Plain, Johnston County - 1974.

Pounds Crude Protein Per Acre

11

Entry 2/6 3/13 4/4 5/1 5/30 Total

Rye

T-E Gro-Green 120 432 219 477 140 1388

GI 75 142 427 267 339 131 1306

T-E Exp. 7301 137 422 222 357 105 1243

Wintergrazer 70 202 340 180 313 106 1141

Gurley Grazer 2000 175 360 212 311 105 1163

Wrens Abruzzi 172 268 176 324 102 1042

Vita-Graze 145 278 149 310 108 990

Wheat

B1ueboy II 74 264 133 210 61 742

Barley

Clayton 11 70 147 141 369

Oats

Caro1ee 20 145 166 267 96 694

Coker 227 11 I I I 222 224 69 637

Ryegrass

Aubade 22 103 174 281 179 759

Oregon Grown 15 84 210 297 184 790

Gulf 6 104 205 297 144 756

Mean of Test 89 243 192 296 118 929

---L.S.D. (.05) 45 65 42 60 36 110

(.01) 60 87 56 80 48 147

1/A f f " 1 " '

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Table 7. Winter annual grasses, long-term averages of dry forage yield and protein. Coastal Plain, North Carolina.

Dry Forage Yield and Crude Protein in Pounds Per Acrel

l

Entry

1974 1 yr. avg.

Crude Yield Protein

1973-74 1972-73-74 2 yr. avg. 3 yr. avg.

Crude Crude

Yield Protein Yield Protein

1971-72-73-74

4 yr. avg. Crude Yield Protein

T-E Gro-Green GI 75

T-E Exp. 7301 Wintergrazer 70 Gurley Grazer 2000 Wrens Abruzzi Vita-Graze Wheat Blueboy II Barley Clayton Oats Carolee Coker 227 Ryegrass Aubade Oregon Grown Gulf 7992 7734 7665 7185 7054 6882 6490 4990 3019 5092 4548 6242 6144 5899 1388 1306 1243 1141 1163 1042 990 742 369 694 637 759 790 756 8366 8116 7523 7815 7387 7307 5647 4621 6603 7276 1478 1422 1293 1311 1215 1200 924 693 990 1031 8053 7378 7283 6845 7153 4431 3604 4859 6488 1606 1472 1371 1313 1376 769 617 805 1121 7691 7398 6771 7051 1519 1489 1308 1397

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Barley 2

bu/A

Ryegrass 40 1bs/A Table 8.

FVT 109 Winter Annual Grasses, Dry Forage Yie1dso Piedmont, Rowan County 1973-74

17 Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage-Harvest Dates

Errtry 2/26 4/16 5/22 Total

R~

T,.,E Gro-Green 2272 4135 1303 7710

Wintergrazer 70 3159 2541 1087 6787

Gurley's Grazer 2557 2905 1223 6685

T-E Expo 7301 2459 3123 1055 6637

VitanoGraze 2852 2692 935 6479

Wrens Abruzzi 2915 2458 1106 6479

GI 75 2799 2236 1291 6326

Wheat

Blueboy I I 1763 2427 1712 5902

Bar1ev

Clayton 1671 3835 715 6221

Oats

Carolee 1717 3112 1512 6341

Coker 227 1435 3278 1003 5716

Ryegrass

Oregon Grown 2150 3358 3126 8634

Aubade 1162 3218 3501 7881

Gulf 1249 3212 2553 7014

Mean of Test 2154 3038 1580 6772

L"S~D. ( 005) 693 689 338 1071

(.01) 924 918 451 1427

1/

Average of five replications

Seeded September 20, 1973 at rate of: Rye 2 bu/A Wheat 3 bulA

Oats 2 bu/A

Fertilization: 25 lbs. N, 50 Ibs. P205'

&

50 Ibs. K

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Table 9. FVT 109 Winter annual grasses, crude protein percent. Piedmont, Rowan County - 1974.

1/ Percent Crude Protein By

Dates-Entry

T-E Gro-Green Wintergrazer 70 Gurley's Grazer T-E Exp. 7301 Vita Graze Wrens Abruzzi GI 75 Wheat Blueboy II Barley Clayton Oats Caro1ee Coker 227 Ryegrass Oregon Grown Aubade Gulf

Mean of Test

-L.S.D. (.05) (.01) 2/26 15.9 11.8 12.8 15.3 11.8 13.2 13.0 14.2 18.0 15.3 16.1 13.8 15.4 13.0 14.3 .5 .6 4/16 9.7 11.5 10.7 10.0 10.6 12.6 10.4 11.6 10.8 11.3 9.7 11.2 10.1 9.2

lQ.:.Z.

.8 1.1 5/22 11.1 12.1 11.9 11.8 11.7 11.0 11.8 11.0 10.1 10.7 10.6 10.5 8.5 6.8 10.7 .9 1.3 Average Protein 11.8 11.7 11.7 12.3 11.3 12.6 11.8 12.2 12.6 12.2 11.5 11.5 10.1 9.0 11.6 .6 .8

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Table 10. FVT 109 Winter annual grasses, crude protein per acre. Piedmont, Rowan County - 1974.

Pounds Crude Protein Per Acre-1/

Entry 2/26 4/16 5/22 Total

Rye

T-E Gro-Green 362 401 145 908

Wintergrazer 70 374 291 132 797

Gurley's Grazer 326 309 146 781

T-E Exp. 7301 378 312 124 814

Vita-Graze 338 285 110 733

WrenIS Abruzzi 385 308 ₁₂₂ ₈₁₅

GI 75 363 231 153 747

Wheat

B1ueboy II 250 280 190 720

Barley

Clayton 299 413 71 783

Oats

Caro1ee 262 348 162 772

Coker 227 231 319 106 656

Ryegrass

Oregon Grown 297 372 328 997

Aubade 179 323 293 795

Gulf 163 295 173 631

~of~ 301 321 161 782

L.S.D. (.05) 102 67 39 131

(.01) 136 90 53 174

l /A f fi 1 " "

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Table 11. Winter annual grasses, long-tenn averages of dry forage yield and protein. Piedmont, North Carolina.

Dry Forage Yield and Crude Protein in Pounds Per

Acr~1

Entry

1974 1 yr. avg.

Crude Yield Protein

1973-74 2 yr. avg.

Crude Yield Protein

1972-73-74 3 yr. avg. Crude Yield Protein

1971-72-73-74

4 yr. avg. Crude Yield Protein

T-E Gro-Green Wintergrazer 70

Gurley's Grazer T-E Exp. 7301 Vita Graze Wrens Abruzzi GI 75 Wheat B1ueboy II Barley Clayton Oats Caro1ee Coker 227 Ryegrass Oregon Grown Aubade Gulf 7710 6787 6685 6637 6479 6479 6326 5902 6221 6341 5716 8634 7881 7014 908 797 781 814 733 815 747 720 783 772 656 997 795 631 7642 6343 6677 6444 6213 6367 6118 6086 6652 7845 997 903 944 893 891 892 899 936 936 1028 7707 6646 6370 6127 5740 4782 4561 4883 5662 1268 1143 1010 940 923 763 756 734 811 6806 6147 5850 5401 1158 1123 945 943

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SUMMER ANNUAL GRASSES

The pearl millets, sorghum-sudangrass hybrids and sudangrasses, like the winter annuals, are special purpose crops and serve as an important source of feed when other pasture crops are in short supply. Their period of maximum production is during the summer months when the main cool season grasses used for pasture are low in production.

In using these crops, careful attention should be given to management. They require relatively high amounts of fertilizer for high production. They should be grazed or chopped beginning at 16 to 24 inches of growth

to a stubble height of 6 to 8 inches in order to insure quality forage and adequate regrowth.

Sponsoring agencies of the entries in the test are shown in Table 12.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The data presented in Tables 13 thrcugh 26 are summaries of the information gathered on various characters relative to summer annual grasses grown at four locations in 1974--two in the Piedmont and two in the Coastal Plain. These data include: dry forage yield, crude protein percent, crude fiber percent, total digestible nutrients and estimated net energy. One, two and three-year data are given for varieties which have been tested for more than one year (Table 19 and 26).

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pearl millet and were 3.16 to 2.30 tons/acre for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Table 19).

In the Piedmont yields were 3.20 tons/acre for the pearl millet and were 4.16 to 3.15 tons/acre for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids in the Rowan County test. Droughty conditions and poorer soil caused lower yields for the Stanly County location (Table 23). The pearl millet entry produced 3.22

tons/acre and the sorghum sudangrass hybrids yiel~were 2.81 to 2.25 tons/acre. The combined Piedmont yields were 3.21 tons/acre for the pearl millet and

3.45 to 2.95 tons/acre for the sorghum-sudangrass hybrids (Table 26). The crude protein percent of these species did differ to some extent (Tables 14, 17, 21 and 24). The crude protein per acre increases signifi-cantly as dry forage yield increases (Tables 15, 18, 22 and 25). The significant thing is that during the summer period these crops will supply considerable amounts of protein.

Some differences do exist in the percent crude fiber, percent total digestive nutrients (TDN) and the percent estimated net energy (ENE) of these summer annual crops (Tables 15, 18, 22 and 25). TDN and ENE per acre increase considerably with increased dry forage yield and should be taken into account when maximum energy production per acre is desired.

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Table 12. Name, address and variety designation of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1974 Summer Annual Simulated Grazing Trials.

Name

Acco Seed

Address

P. O. Box 1630 Plainview, Texas

Variety Designation

Sweet Sioux III (S8) 8-99 (88)

X-9810 (55) DeKalb Ag. Research, Inc. Route 2

Lubbock, Texas

Sudax SX 16 (S8) 79415 5udax SX 17 (85) Sudax 5T 6 (58) 5udax 8 x 15 (58) FFR Cooperative

Taylor-Evans 5eed Company

4112 East 5tate Road 225

Lafayette, Indiana 47906 Box 68

Tulia, Texas 79088

FFR 66 (S8) FFR 74

T-E Haygrazer (88)

North American Plant Breeders P. O. Box 568 Hutchinson, Kansas

67501

5axon (8S) Pearl 24 Millet

Excel Hybrids P. O. Box 1629

Plainview, Texas 79022

(28)

Table 13. FVT 114 _{Sunnner annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry} forage yield. _{Coastal Plain, Bertie County - 1974.}

Tons Per Acre Dry Forage-1/

Harvest Dates Total

Entry _6/13 _7/17 _8/22 _{For Year}

Sorghum Sudan Hybrids

Sweet Sioux I I I 1.09 .82 2.33 4.24

Saxon .64 .98 2.20 3.82

T-E Haygrazer .67 .84 2.26 3.77

X-98l0 .72 .92 2.04 3.68

S-99 .60 .81 2.20 3.61

FFR 66 .51 1.03 1.90 3.44

SX-16 .73 .73 1.93 3.39

SX-17 .63 .92 1.76 3.31

FFR 74 .60 .93 1.64 3.17

Pearl Millet

Pearlex 24 .73 1.86 2.09 4.68

Mean of Test .69 .98 2.03 3.71

-L.S.D. (.05) .19 .34 .69 .75

(.01) .Z6 .46 .95 1.03

1/

- Average of three replications.

Seeded May 8, 1974 at rate of: Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids - 40 lbs/acre Pearl Millet - 25 1bs/acre

Fertilization: 50 pounds N, 50 pounds P

(29)

Table 14. FVT 114 Summe r annual grasses simulated grazing trialt/crude protein percent. Coastal Plain, Bertie County -

1974-Percent Crude

Protein~/

Entry

Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids Sweet Sioux III Saxon T-E Haygrazer X-9810 8-99 FFR 66 SX-16 SX-17 FFR 74 Pearl Millet Pearlex 24 Mean of Test

L.S.D. (.05) (.01) 6/13 12.2 14.4 13.7 15.1 16.6 12.4 17.5 14.3 12.7 9.8 13.9 1.5 2.1 Harvest Dates 7/17 7.2 6.2 6.5 8.6 7.8 7.4 6.5 6.1 7.6 7.5 7.1 1.3 1.7 8/22 5.0 5.2 4.3 4.5

4.6

3.8 5.7

6.4

6.3 4.8 5.0 .8 1.0

l/protein percentages are based on a composite sample made up of three repl icat ions.

~/Digestible

protein may be computed by using formulae:

(30)

Table 15. FVT 114 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials dry forage yie:d, crude protein, crude fiber, .total digestible nutrieyys, and

est~mated net energy. Coastal Pla~n, Bertie County - 1974- •

Entry Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids Dry Weight Tons/Acre Crude Protein % Lb/Acre Crude Fiber % Total Digestible Nutrients % Lb/Acre Estimated Net Energy % Lb/Acre

Sweet Sioux I I I

Saxon T-E Haygrazer X-98l0 S-99 FFR 66 SX-16 SX-l7 FFR 74 Pearl Millet Pearlex 24 Mean of Test

-L.S.D. (.05) (.01) 4.24 3.82 3.77 3.68 3.61 3.44 3.39 3.31 3.17 4.68 3.71 .75 1.03 7.3 7.1 6.5 7.6 7.2 6.1 8.4 7.7 7.9 6.7 7.2 .6 .8 620 538 486 557 520 420 570 509 497 628 534 121 166 31.0 28.0 30.9 27.5 29.3 30.4 31.2 28.1 26.3 29.2 29.2 1.3 1.8 58.0 60.1 58.1 60.4 59.2 58.4 57.9 60.0 61.2 59.3 .9 1.3 4919 4599 4370 4445 4271 4021 3911 3969 3878 5537 4392 902 1236 46.2 49.1 46.3 49.5 47.8 46.8 46.0 49.0 50.7 47.9 1.3 1.8 3918 3763 3484 3645 3453 3220 3110 3239 3211 4478 3552 739 1012

(31)

Table 16. FVT 115 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials dry forage yield. Coastal Plain, Johnston County - 1974.

1/

Tons Per Acre Dry

Forage-Entry

Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids S-99

X-9810

Sweet Sioux III SX-17 SX-16 Saxon T-E Haygrazer FFR 66 FFR 74

Pearl Mill et

6/24 .74 .74 .87 .69 .74 .49 .59 .43 .55 Harvest Dates 7/26 9/11 1.38 1.34 1.21 1.30 1.19 1.21 1.09 1.18 .88 Total For Year 2.12 2.08 2.08 1.99 1.93 1.70 1.68 1.61 1.43 Pearlex 24 Mean of Test

-L.S.D. (.05) (.01) .46 .63 .12 .16 1.34 1.21 .15 .21 1.40 3.20 1.98 .21 .31

l/Average of five replications.

Seeded May 14, 1974 at rate of: Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids 40 1bs/acre Pearl Millet 25 lbs/acre

Fertilization:

Weed Corrt rol :

50 pounds N, 50 pounds P

20S and 50 pounds K₂₀ per acre

(32)

Table 17. FVT 115 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials,

crude protein percent. Coastal Plain, Johnston County - 1974

11

. 2/

Percent Crude

Prote~n-Entry

Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids

S-99

X-98l0

Sweet Sioux III SX-17

SX-16 Saxon

T-E Haygrazer

FFR 66

FFR 74

Pearl Millet

Pearlex 24

Mean of Test

L.S.D. (.05) (.01)

6/24

8.3 7.8 8.1

7.6 7.9 9.7

9.0 8.1 8.7

10.5

8.6

.9 1.2

Harvest Dates 7/26

9.3

9.2

8.8

8.4

8.3

8.1 8.0 6.6

9.3

7.5

8.4

.9 1.2

9/11

7.3

1lprotein percentages are based on a composite sample made up of five

replications.

~/Digestib1e

protein may be computed by using formulae:

(33)

Table 18. FVT 115 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage yield, crude protein, crude fiber, total digestible nutrients, and estimated net energy. Coastal Plain, Johnston County - 1974.

Entry Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids Dry Weight Tons/Acre Crude Protein

%

Lb/Acre Crude Fiber % Total Digestible Nutrients

%

Lb/Acre Estimated Net Energy

%

Lb/Acre S-99 X-9810

Sweet Sioux III SX-17 SX-16 Saxon T-E Haygrazer FFR 66 FFR 74 Pearl Millet Pear1ex 24 Mean of Test

---L.S.D. (.05) (.01) 2.12 2.08 2.08 1.99 1.93 1.70 1.68 1.61 1.43 3.20 1.98 .21 .31 8.9 8.7 8.5 8.1 8.2 8.7 8.4 7.0 9.0 7.8 .6 .8 377 363 356 324 316 296 283 225 259 501 330 43 57 29.3 26.2 31.0 25.9 31.2 25.7 30.9 30.4 26.5 27.1 28.4 .7 .9 59.2 61.3 58.0 61.5 57.9 61.7 58.1 58.4 61.1 60.7 59.8 .5 .6 2507 2559 2414 2449 2236 2106 1956 1876 1755 3886 2374 276 370 47.8 50.9 46.2 51.1 46.0 51.3 46.3 46.8 50.5 49.9 .6 .9 2026 2121 1923 2034 1778 1751 1559 1502 1450 3198 1934 225 302

(34)

Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, combined locations - total annual production and long-i,rm averages of dry forage yields, crude protein and total digestible nutrients. Coastal Plain- •

1972 1973 1974 Average

Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude

Forage Protein TDN Forage Protein TDN Forage Protein TDN Forage Protein TDN Entry Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A

Sorghum-Sudan

~brids

Sweet Sioux III 3.93 1013 4417 4.79 965 5551 3.16 488 3667 3.92 814 4500

Saxon _2.76 ₄₁₇ 3353

T-E Haygrazer 3.79 1057 4609 4.48 960 5191 2.73 385 3163 3.63 793 4278

X-98l0 2.88 460 3502

S-99 3.67 880 4167 3.92 836 4680 2.87 449 3389 3.45 714 4038 N

FFR 66 3.84 936 4238 4.18 890 4887 2.53 323 2949 3.48 709 3984 \0

SX-16 4.14 1027 4633 4.75 978 5483 2.66 443 3074 3.81 808 4353

SX-17 2.65 417 3209

FFR 74 2.30 378 2817

Pearl Millet

Pearlex 24 3.94 565 4712

Mean of Test 3.87 983 4413 4.42 926 5158 2.85 433 _~ 3.66 768 4231

(35)

---Table 20. FVT 116 Sununer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage yields. Piedmont, Rowan County - 1974.

Tons Per Acre Dry Forage-

1/

Total

Entry 7/10 7/30 8/27 9/24 For Year

Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids

ST-6 .99 .51 2.07 .59 4.16

Sweet Sioux III 1.18 .50 1.86 .54 4.08

SX-16 1.05 .50 2.00 .52 4.07

8-99 1.04 .50 1.85 .54 3.93

FFR 66 .86 .51 1.99 .54 3.90

FFR 74 .77 .47 1.85 .63 3.72

Saxon .86 .51 1.82 .48 3.67

X-9810 .82 .58 1.64 .54 3.58

T-E Haygrazer .79 .45 1.77 .53 3.54

8X-15 .54 .54 1.77 .50 3.35

Pearl Millet

Mi11hy 99 .48 .75 1.40 .57 3.20

Mean of Test .85 .53 1.82 .54 3.74

-L.S.D. (.05) .19 .09 .22 .09 .38

(.01) .25 .12 .29 .12 .50

Seeded May 16, 1974 at rate of: Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids - 40 pounds per acre Pearl Millet - 25 pounds per acre

Fertilization:

Weed Control:

50 pounds N, 50 pounds P

20S and 50 pounds K20 per acre at seeding. 50 pounds N after each harvest.

(36)

Table 21. FVT 116 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trial~' crude protein percent. Piedmont, Rowan County -

1974-Percent Crude

Protein~1

Harvest Dates

Entry 7/10 7/30 8/27 9/24

ST-6 11.3 16.6 9.9 11.9

Sweet Sioux III 12.7 18.4 12.6 10.8

SX-16 11.4 13.0 12.9 14.0

5-99 12.2 14.8 11.0 10.2

FFR 66 12.8 16.3 11.3 14.0

FFR 74 12.5 16.0 10.2 14.8

Saxon 11.7 18.1 11.5 11.9

X-98l0 12.1 16.6 10.0 12.3

T-E Haygrazer 11.2 16.1 9.8 13.6

SX-15 13.6 12.9 9.9 13.6

Pearl Millet

Mi11hy 99 16.9 13.0 10.9 12.6

Mean of Test 12.6 15.6 10.9 12.7

-L.S.D. (.05) 1.2 1.8 .9 1.4

(.01) 1.6 2.4 1.2 1.8

l/ p . t are based on a composite sample made up of five - rote~n percen ages

replications.

(37)

Table 22. FVT 116 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage yield, crude protein, crude fiber, total digestible yytrients and estimated net energy. Piedmont, Rowan County - 1974- •

Dry Crude Crude Total Digestible Estimated

Weight Protein Fiber Nutrients Net Energy

Entry Tons/Acre % Lb/Acre % % Lb/Acre % Lb/Acre

8T-6 4.16 11.4 944 27.6 60.3 5019 49.5 4113

Sweet Sioux I I I 4.08 13.2 1074 31.0 58.0 4731 46.2 3769

SX-16 4.07 12.7 1032 30.5 58.4 4749 46.7 3800

8-99 3.93 11.6 917 28.7 59.6 4684 48.4 3805

FFR 66 3.90 12.6 986 32.1 57.3 4468 45.2 3524

FFR 74 3.72 12.2 907 30.5 58.4 4341 46.7 3473

Saxon 3.67 12.6 922 26.5 61.1 4492 50.6 3716

X-9810 3.58 11.9 853 28.4 59.8 4283 48.7 3488

T-E Haygrazer 3.54 11.5 808 30.8 58.1 4108 46.4 3278

SX-15 3.35 11.5 772 26.9 60.9 4088 50.3 3372

Pearl Millet

Mi11hy 99 3.20 12.6 802 25.2 62.0 3954 51.8 3301

Mean of Test 3.74 12.2 911 28.9 59.4 4447 48.2 4604

---L.S.D. (.05) .38 .5 101 .2 .1 453 .2 372

(.01) .50 .7 135 .3 .2 606 .3 497

(38)

Table 23. FVT 117 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing trials dry forage yields. Piedmont, Stanly County - 1974.

Tons Per Acre Dry Forage-1/

Total

Entry 7/11 8/15 9/19 For Year

Sweet Sioux I I I .90 .96 .95 2.81

S-99 .76 1.08 .77 2.60

X-9810 .81 .92 .85 2.58

FFR 74 • 73 .86 .98 2.57

ST-6 .77 .92 .85 2.54

SX-15 .60 1.27 .67 2.54

T-E Haygrazer .69 .95 .79 2.43

SX-l6 .78 .83 .78 2.39

FFR 66 .34 1.14 .77 2.25

Saxon .65 .90 .70 2.25

Pearl Millet

Millhy 99 .65 1.73 .84 3.22

Mean of Test .70 1.05 .82 2.56

-L.S.D. (.05) .22 .20 .15 .40

(.01) .30 .27 .20 .54

l!Average of five replications.

Seeded May 31, 1974 at rate of: Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids 40 1bs/acre Pearl Millet - 25 1bs/Acre

(39)

Table 24. FVT 117 Summer annual grasses simulated grazing_1yrials, crude protein percent. Piedmont, Stanly County -

1974-Percent Crude

Protei~/

Entry

Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids Sweet Sioux III

S-99 X-9810 FFR 74 ST-6 SX-15 T-E Haygrazer SX-16 FFR 66 Saxon Pearl Millet Mi11hy 99

Mean of Test

-L.S.D. (.05) (.01) 7/11 12. 7 13.8 13.9 11.9 15.1 14.6 12.1 14.6 11.2 16.8 15.1 13.8 1.3 1.8 Harvest Dates 8/15 10.1 9.2 9.0 9.7 9.1 8.1 7.8 8.4 7.8 9.7 7.4 8.8 .9 1.3 9/19 11.0 11.6 11.9 12.2 13.5 12.4 12.6 10.7 11.2 10.5 11.4 11.7 .8 1.1

lJprotein percentages are based on a composite sample made up of five replications.

l/Digestible protein may be computed by using formulae:

(40)

Table 25. FVT 117 _{Swmner annual grasses simulated grazing trials, dry forage} yields, crude protein, crude fiber, total digestible rytrients and estimated net energy. _{Piedmont, Stanly County - 1974- •}

Dry Crude Crude Total Digestible Estimated

Weight Protein Fiber Nutrients Net Energy

Entry Tons/Acre % Lb/Acre % % Lb/Acre % Lb/Acre

Sweet Sioux I I I 2.81 11.3 634 31.0 58.0 3268 46.2 2603

S-99 2.60 11.2 583 28.7 59.6 3103 48.4 2521

X-98l0 2.58 11.5 595 28.0 60.1 3099 49.1 2532

FFR 74 2.57 11.3 580 30.4 58.4 3013 46.8 2413

ST-6 2.54 12.4 629 28.6 59.6 3030 48.5 2463

SX-15 2.54 10.7 544 28.1 60.0 3046 49.0 2487

T-E Haygrazer 2.43 10.7 522 30.4 58.5 2857 46.8 2289

SX-16 2.39 11.2 534 30.5 58.4 2787 46.7 2230

FFR 66 2.25 9.5 429 32.1 57.3 2581 45.2 2036

Saxon 2.25 12.0 537 26.2 61.3 2753 50.8 2277

Pearl Millet

Millhy 99 3.22 9.9 643 28.1 60.0 3869 49.0 3160

Mean of Test 2.56 11.1 566 29.3 59.2 3033 47.8 2452

L.S.D. (.05) .40 .7 102 1.0 .7 479 .9 390

(.01) .54 1.0 136 1.3 .9 641 1.2 521

(41)

long-term averages of dry forage yields, crude protein and total digestible nutrients.

Piedmont-1972 1973 1974 Average

Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude Dry Crude

Forage Protein TDN Forage Protein TDN Forage Protein TDN Froage Protein TDN Entry Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A Tons/A Lbs/A Lbs/A

-Sorghum-Sudan Hybrids

ST-6 3.35 787 4025

Sweet Sioux III 3.93 1203 4542 3.37 992 3921 3.45 854 4000 3.55 1006 4113

SX-l6 3.93 1289 4897 3.23 994 3788 3.23 783 3768 3.43 1012 4109

5-99 3.62 1099 4254 3.21 1027 3821 3.27 750 3894 3.33 949 3950

FFR 66 3.93 1217 4539 3.39 1052 3960 3.08 708 3525 3.43 982 3968

FFR 74 3.15 744 3677 w

Saxon 2.96 730 3623 0'\

X-98l0 3.08 724 3691

T-E Haygrazer 3.60 1222 4405 3.34 1022 3913 2.99 515 3483 3.28 910 3894

SX-15 2.95 658 3567

Pearl Millet

Mil1hy 99 3.21 723 3912

(42)

37

PERENNIAL FORAGES

The perennial species reported on in this publication consist of alfalfa, perennial grasses, ladino clover and ladino clover growing in combination with fescue. The alfalfa was managed as hay and the ladino clover, ladino-fescue mixtures and perennial grasses as simulated grazing.

Tall fescue and orchardgrass are two of the most important perennial cool season grasses in the state. Orchardgrass is especially good as hay with or without a legume. Fescue is widely adapted throughout the state and is a basic pasture grass. Both orchardgrass and fescue grow well in combination with ladino clover where ladino is adapted.

Alfalfa plays an important role in supplying protein and vitamins in antmal nutrition. Alfalfa is especially high in carotene, thus, serving as a good source of vitamin A. Its use to the dairymen in supplementing

the high cost protein requirement of the dairy ration is especially important. Beef animals usually make better daily gains when ladino clover is

present in grass pastures. Milk production from the dairy animal is likewise increased. Both the beef producer and dairymen should consider these species in their feeding program.

Sponsoring agencies for the species entered in these tests are given in Table 27.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Perennial grasses were seeded at the Piedmont Research Farm in the Fall of 1972. This trial consisted of ten entries of orchardgrass. Four of these were experimental lines from this institution. In addition to the orchardgrasses, there were three entries of fescue, one of which is a fescue-ryegrass cross from Kentucky designated as Kenhy. An experimental fescue,

(43)

The Rowan County location had a range from 7031 for Boone to 5903

pounds of dry matter per acre for Able (Table 28). The fescues in this trial ranged from a high of 7577 for Kenhy to 7291 pounds per acre for Ky. 31.

Alfalfa tests in 1974 consisted of one trial at the Piedmont Research Station near Salisbury. This trial was seeded in the Fall of 1971. Yields ranged from a high of 9572 for Apa1achee to 6710 pounds per acre for

Saranac (Table 29).

White Clover variety tests in 1974 consisted of one trial at the Piedmont Research Station near Salisbury seeded in the Fall of 1971. This trial included two clover-Ky. 31 fescue plots and one Clover-Kenhy (fescue-ryegrass cross) plot.

The range for the clover in pure stand was from a high of 5394 for Tillman to a low of 3137 (Table 31) pounds per acre for Regal. In the clover-grass plots, the range was from a high of 5097 for Tillman Ladino

+

Ky. 31 to a low of 3706 pounds per acre (Table 31) for California Ladino

+

Ky. 31. The yield of Tillman Ladino

+

Kenhy mixture fell between the other two mixtures at 4781 pounds per acre.

(44)

Table 27. Names, addresses and variety designation of agencies sponsoring entries in the 1974 North Carolina Perennial Forage Trials.

Name

Farmers Forage Research

Northrup, King and Company

N. C. State University

U. S. Department of Agriculture

u.

S. Department of Agriculture

N. C. Agricultural Extension Service

Virginia Polytechnic Institute

Agri. Res. Ser., USDA

*Experimentals.

Address

Route 2, Box 290 Lafayette

Indiana

1500 Jackson Street Minneapolis

Minnesota

N. C. State University Raleigh

North Carolina

University of Kentucky Lexington

Kentucky

N. C. State University Raleigh

North Carolina

N. C. State University Raleigh North Carolina Blacksburg Virginia Beltsville, Maryland Variety Designation Tempo Alfalfa Weev1chek Alfalfa Hallmark Orchardgrass Able Orchardgrass FFR Syn. C Fescue KO-175 White Clover KO-176 Ladino Clover

*Va. Comp. Syn. 4

Medium Late Orchardgrass *Va. Camp. Syn. 4

Early Orchardgrass

*N. C. Comp. VIII Orchardgrass *N. C. Comp. VI Orchardgrass Kenhy Fescue X Ryegrass

*NCW 20a Syn. 1 Alfalfa Apalachee Alfalfa

*Saranac AN4 Alfalfa *MSHP6Fan4W4Sb

2W Alfalfa Team Alfalfa 2

Saranac Alfalfa Kentucky 31 Fescue Cherokee Alfalfa Williamsburg Alfalfa

(45)

Table 28. FVT 102 Perennial grasses, dry forage yields and two-year averages. Piedmont, Rowan County, 1974.

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage-1/

1974 1973 Two Year

Entry 5/17 6/11 10/2 Total Total Average

Orchardgrass

Boone 3829 1309 1893 7031 6386 6708

Va. 70 3712 1307 1938 6957 6734 6845

* N• C. Comp , VI 3751 1261 1928 6940 6829 6884

*Va. Comp , Syn. 4

(Early) 3933 1156 1748 6837 6664 6750

*Va. Comp. Syn. 4

(Med. Late) 3750 1156 1813 6719 6971 6845

*N.C. Comp , VIII 3632 1259 1704 6595 6875 6735

Jackson 3510 1303 1630 6443 6663 6553

Hallmark 3486 1153 1707 6346 6734 6540

Potomac 3339 1273 1623 6235 6663 6449

Able 3191 1242 1470 5903 6121 6012

Fescue

Kenhy 2996 1787 2794 7577 7991 7784

FFR Syn. C 3647 1686 2156 7489 8227 7858

Ky. 31 2999 1739 2553 7291 8641 7966

Mean of Test 3467 1385 1981 6833 7063 6948

L.S.D. (.05) 510 185 271 801

(.01) 680 246 361 1068

*Experimenta1s.

Seeded September 13, 1972 at rate of 20 1bs. per acre.

Fertilization: At seeding 40 pounds N, 120 pounds P per acre.

800 1bs. 0-10-20 plus 75 1bs. N/Acre February 22, 1973 75 1bs. N per acre September 11, 1973

(46)

Table 29. FVT 94 _{Alfalfa, dry forage yields.} _{Piedmont, Rowan} County - 1974.

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage Yield

1/

Entry 5/22 6/19 7/18 8/20 Total

Apalachee 3313 2562 1779 1918 9572

*Saranac AN4 3216 2592 1783 1946 9537

*NCW 20a Syn. 1 3537 2320 1466 1459 8782

Weev1chek 2799 2300 1493 1607 8199

Cherokee 2819 1896 1216 1668 7599

Team 2703 2085 1211 1518 7517

*MSHp6Fan 4w4 Sb

2W2 2748 1842 1298 1469 7357

Tempo 2542 2085 1119 1599 7345

Williamsburg 2288 1698 1251 1505 6742

Saranac 2423 1702 1220 1365 6710

Mean of Test 2839 2108 1384 1606 7936

L.S.D. ( .05) 778 574 382 323 1880

(.01) 1043 769 512 433 2521

*Experimenta1s.

Seeded September 17, 1971 at rate of 20 pounds per acre Fertilization: At seeding 30 pounds N, 180 pounds P205' 180

pounds K 0 and 4 pounds Borax per acre. 800 pounas 0-10-20 plus Borax per acre February 22, 1973

900 pounds 0-9-27 plus Borax per acre February 28, 1974

(47)

Table 30.

FVT

94 Alfalfa, total annual production and long term average of dry forage yield. Piedmont, Rowan County - 1974.

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage Yield!/

1972 1973 1974 1972-73 1972-73-74

Entry Total Total Total Average Average

Apa1achee 8721 10088 9572 9404 9460

*Saranac AN4 8521 10539 9537 9532 9532

*NCW 20a Syn. 1 9300 10608 8782 9954 9563

Weevlchek 6845 8190 8199 7517 7745

Cherokee 7568 8901 7599 8233 8026

Team 7452 7263 7517 7357 7411

*MSHp6Fan 4w4 Sb

2W 2 8353 8654 7357 8504 8121

Tempo 6931 7692 7345 7311 7323

Williamsburg 6800 7621 6742 7210 7054

Saranac 6928 7097 6710 7012 6912

Mean of Test 7742 8665 7936 8203 8115

L.S.D. (.05) 1053 1714 1880

(.01) 1411 2298 2521

*Experimentals.

(48)

1/ Pounds Per Acre Dry

Forage-4/30 6/3 6/21 7/18 ;'( _8/20

*

Total

Entry Clover Grass Clover Grass Clover Grass Clover Grass Clover Grass Clover Grass

Tillman 1307 2641 265 258 923 5394

Merit 1003 2382 273 230 820 4708

Granladino 1214 2118 312 270 773 4687

California Ladino 1091 2112 280 264 588 4335

KO-176 914 2197 252 231 516 4110

Oregon Ladino 790 1735 202 191 419 3337

KO-175 859 1390 152 256 505 3162

Regal 713 1609 172 235 408 3137

Tillman + Ky. 31 779 1376 1741 804 338 59 460 1077 4394 2239

Tillman + Kenhy 502 1469 1350 1056 342 62 432 1042 3668 2587

California + Ky. 31 284 1516 769 867 229 41 288 613 2183 2424

Mean of Test 860 1453 1822 909 256 54 283 699 3920 2417

---L. S.D. (.05 ) 347 625 409 398 73 34 89 204 846 463 _+'

(.01) 465 910 547 579 97 50 119 273 1132 619 l..V

Clover Clover Clover Clover Clover Clover

Entr~ + Grass + Grass + Grass + Grass + Grass + Grass

Tillman

+

Ky. 31 2155 2545 397 5097

Tillman

+

Kenhy 1971 2406 404 4781

California

+

Ky. 31 1800 1636 270 3706

Mean of Test 1975

_.ll2i

357 4528

---L.S.D. (.05) 446 481 63 543

(.01) 649 699 92 527

1/A f fi 1 · ·

- verage 0 1ve rep 1cat~ons.

Seeded September 17, 1971 at rate of: Clover alone - 5 Ibs/Acre, clover + grass - 4 1bs/A

+

10 Ibs. Grass/Acre. Adjusted to 100% germination.

Fertilization: Initial: 30 Ibs. N, 180 1bs. P20S and 180 lbs. K

20 per acre. Annual application: 72 1bs. P

20 and 216 lbs. K2o / Acr e . Insect Control: Sprayed April

1~,

1974 with Furadan.

(49)

Table 32. FVT 92 White clover total annual production and long term average of dry forage yield. Piedmont, Rowan County.

Pounds Per Acre Dry Forage-1/

1972 Total 1973 Total 1974 Total Average

Clover Clover Clover Clover

Entry Clover

+

Grass Clover + Grass Clover

+

Grass Clover

+

Grass

Tillman 7273 7312 5394 6593

Merit 7154 7033 4708 6235

Gran1adino 5438 6619 4687 5526

California Ladino 6528 6838 4335 5841

KO-176 6969 7402 4110 6099

Oregon Ladino 5631 6069 3337 4962

KO-175 2105 5318 3162 3493

Regal 5987 7153 3137 5371

Tillman + Ky. 31 6853 9609 7407 9866 4394 5097 6156 8109

Tillman

+

Kenhy 7055 9997 6640 9700 3668 4781 5730 8078

California + Ky. 31 7780 10091 6421 9415 2183 3706 5407 7660

Mean of Test 6252 9899 6747 9660 3920 4528

-L.S.D. (.05) 1193 1263 929 897 846 543

(.01) 1597 1690 1244 1200 1132 727

1/A f fi 1 . .

(50)

APPENDIX

Page List of Appendix Tables

(51)

Table 1. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation in inches. Coastal Plain, Bertie County, 1974.

Temperature Departure

from long

Month Mean term mean Highest Date Lowest Date

Jan. 50.4 76 28+ 17 14

Feb. 47.0 72 23 25 6

Mar. 54.2 88 8 21 15

Apr. 60.9 90 30 27 7

May 6509 35 8

June 71.5 93 23 50 18+

July 75.8 93 16+ 49 23

Aug. 75.0 92 30+ 50 12

Sept. 69.8 91 1 41 24

Oct. 56.3 83 16+ 22 22

Nov. 49.8 86 3+ 13 27

Dec. 44.7 71 25 18 10

+A1so earlier date or dates.

Precipitation

Departure No. of days with

from long Greatest in precipitation Month Total term mean 24 hours Date 0.10 in or over

Jan. 4.33 .72 25 11

Feb. 4.07 1.25 17 8

Mar. 5.44 .97 30 10

Apr. 3.13 1.08 5 6

May 6.38 1.59 19 9

June 2.57 .72 23 6

July 4.92 1.37 31 7

Aug. 5.79 2.35 4 12

Sept. 3.98 1.59 22 5

Oct. 1.50 .73 16 3

Nov. 1.34 .36 26 5

(52)

Table 2. _{Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation in inches.}

Piedmont, Rowan County, 1974. Temperature Departure

from long

Month Mean tenn mean Highest Date Lowest Date

Jan. 50.7 ₇₅ ₁₇ ₂₃ ₁₄

Feb. 43.3 68 2 16 27+

Mar. 54.5 ₈₅ ₈₊ ₂₅ ₁₈₊

Apr. 59.8 ₈₇ ₂₉ ₂₈ ₁₀₊

May 68.2 ₉₁ ₁₉ ₄₀ ₆

June 71.3 90 10 49 18

July 76.1 94 15 55 22

Aug. 75.4 92 27 60 21

Sept. 67.9 89 12 40 24

Oct. 57.2 83 31 23 22

Nov. 49.4 86 3 16 27

Dec. 42.2 68 30 14 10

Precipitation

from long Greatest in precipitation Month Total te rrn mean 24 hours Date 0.10 in or over

Jan. 5.52 2.31 21 10

Feb. 3.41 .68 16 9

Mar. 3.96 .95 25 8

Apr. 3.35 .90 4 7

May 6.18 1.52 23 10

June 2.75 .83 27 7

July 2.52 .72 27 6

Aug. 6.57 2.76 5 12

Sept. 5.01 2.81 6 6

Oct. .65 .34 19 2

Nov. 2.61 1.16 20 5

(53)

Table 3. Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation in inches. Coastal Plain, Johnston County, 1974.

from long

Jan. 76 23 27 13

Feb. 69 22 19 26

Mar. 87 8 28 14

April 92 30 30 10

May 93 18 42 31

June 92 10 40 5

July 95 15 57 13

Aug. 92 28 62 20

Sept. 89 13 43 24

Oct. 80 15 29 22+

Nov. 83 2+ 28 30+

Dec. 65 31+ 19 10

Precipitation

from long Greatest in precipitation Month Total tenn mean 24 hours Date 0.10 in or over

Jan. 3.11 .43 25 9

Feb. 3.74 1.10 16 9

Mar. 3.99 .72 30 10

April 1.81 .65 13 4

May 6.22 1.17 26 11

June 3.45 1.20 16 6

July 3.50 .91 7 8

Aug. 6.55 1.50 2 10

Sept. 6.51 1.60 22 8

Oct. 1.81 .52 16 3

Nov. 1.85 .63 20 5

(54)

Table 4. _{Temperature in degrees Fahrenheit and precipitation in inches.} Piedmont, Stanly County, 1974.

from long

Jan. 50.1 8.0 74 27+ 22 14

Feb. 43.8

_-

.3 68 1 17 27+

Mar. 55.1 4.3 86 7 26 14

Apr. 59.0 2.0 87 1 26 10

May 66.7 2.1 87 18 45 8

June 70.8 -4.7 89 22+ 51 18

July 75.3 -2.6 91 15 58 23+

Aug. 74.5 -2.3 91 29 62 21

Sept. 67.7 -3.3 85 13+ 41 24

Oct. 57.0 -4.0 79 31+ 27 22

Nov. 49.1 -1.8 85 2 19 27

Dec. 41.9

_-

.4 67 25 15 10

Precipitation

from long Greatest in precipitation Month Total term mean 24 hours Date 0.10 in or over

Jan. 4.15 .72 1.37 21 10

Feb. 4.54 .67 1.47 2 10

Mar. 3.03 -1.10 .72 29 8

Apr. 4.79 1.22 1.35 13 8

May 6.82 3.62 1.85 19 9

June 2.82 -1.22 .75 16 7

July 2.02 -4.04 1.56 5 3

Aug. 6.32 1.38 2.12 2 10

Sept. 5.45 1.21 1.62 6 6

Oct. .92 -2.06 .63 19 2

Nov. 3.21 .32 .85 20 8

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